Bahai Library Online

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

World Canada
   

Date 197-, sorted by events, ascending

date event tags firsts
1979 Dec
197-
'Azamatu'lláh Fahandizh was executed in Tihrán. [BW18:255] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Tehran, Iran
1973 - 1974
197-
1973 - 1974 was a Year of Preparation. [Mess63-86pxli] * Teaching Plans
1973 Ridván
197-
The Synopsis and Codification of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was published. [BBRSM138; MUHJ105; VV14; BW15:169]
  • In 1953 Shoghi Effendi had included, as one of the goals of the Ten Year Plan, the preparation of a Synopsis and Codification of the Laws and Ordinances of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas as an essential prelude to the translation of Kitáb-i-Aqdas itself. In 1955 Shoghi Effendi initiated steps to this end and had made considerable progress when he passed in 1957. The task was continued on the basis of his work and the resulting volume was released. [Universal House of Justice Message 5 March, 1993]
  • The Synopsis and Codification covered the text of both the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and the Questions and Answers which constitutes an appendix to the Aqdas.
  • * Publications; - Bahá'í World Centre; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Questions and answers
    1975 Jan
    197-
    A Bahá'í was arrested in Iraq and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. [BW16:138] - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Court cases; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1970 (In the Year)
    197-
    A Bahá'í International Youth Conference was held in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. - Conferences, International; - First conferences; Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Ivory Coast
    1978 15 Dec
    197-
    A cabled message was sent to 93 national spiritual assemblies stating that the Bahá'ís in Iran and the Holy Places in Tihrán and Shíráz were in peril. [BW17:79] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran; NSA
    1979 Feb
    197-
    A mob of some 5,000 armed with hatchets, spades and pickaxes converged on Hisár, Iran, intent on harming the Bahá'ís; the mob was prevented from doing so. [BW18:275]
  • Shortly afterwards the home of Mr. Ma'naví was looted and he was carried off; it appeared he was beaten to death. [BW18:275]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Mobs; Hisar, Iran; Iran
    1972 9 Jun
    197-
    A National Spiritual Assembly had been formed in Zaire at Ridván 1970 but the Faith did not receive the required official recognition to function in the country. Dr Navidi spent one year in Kinshasa preparing the file for presentation to the government but in March 1972 when the names of the officially recognized religions were announced, the Bahá'í Faith was not among them. Through the intervention of Dr Amin'u'lláh Jazab, President Mobutu's personal physician, official recognition of the Faith was approved. [A Remarkable Response Film 33:50-35:50] Congo, Democratic Republic of; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
    1975 25 Apr
    197-
    A revolution in Portugal removed the ban on Bahá'í meetings and teaching activities. - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Persecution, Portugal; Portugal
    1971 16 - 29 June
    197-
    A special seminar for UN member state was held in Yaoundé in observance of the International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. The Bahá'í International Community was represented by Dr 'Azíz Navídí and Counsellor Dr Mihdí Samandarí. This was the first representation of the Bahá'í International Community with their consultative status. [BW15p368] Aziz Navidi; Bahá'í International Community; Cameroon; Mihdi Samandari; Yaoundé, Cameroon
    1975 5 Feb
    197-
    A strip of land facing the resting place of Shoghi Effendi was purchased by the Universal House of Justice to ensure protection of the site. [BW16:134; BW17:82; VV22] London, England; Shoghi Effendi, Resting place of (London); United Kingdom
    1973 Dec
    197-
    A teenage Muslim girl learned of the Faith from one of her Bahá’í school classmates and, together with her older sister, became seriously interested in the teachings. When the Bahá’í Faith was referred to during a discussion of religion in class in one of the Government schools in Baghdad, the girl rose to her feet in defence of the Cause. When questioned by the teacher she announced her belief in Baha’u’llah, an assertion which created a stir in the class. The students spoke of the incident the same day to their parents, among whom was the Minister of Education, who, the following day, ordered an investigation to be made. He himself went to the school, dismissed the headmaster, and following the intervention of the Minister of the Interior ordered the arrest of the girl, together with that of three Bahá’í girls studying at that school. A chain of arrests, totalling almost fifty, followed in the course of the next few months. [BW15p138]
  • One of the detainees, Anisa Abdul-Razzaq Abbas wrote of her time of her confinement over six years. Her book was translated by her daughter, Alhan Irwin, and published under the title Without Hesitation: An Account of an Iraqi Prisoner of Conscience. The book was published by One Voice Press in March 2021.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq; Without Hesitation
    1972 Mar
    197-
    A thousand children attended a Bahá'í school in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. [BW15:237] Ecuador; Esmeraldas, Ecuador
    1979 from 1979
    197-
    After the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, the persecution of Bahá'ís significantly intensified due to their perceived beliefs and association with the previous regime. The Iranian government viewed the Bahá'ís as heretics and threats to Islam. Bahá'ís faced severe restrictions on their religious freedom, denial of basic human rights, and discriminatory laws targeting them.

    Persecution included but was not limited to:

    Arrests and imprisonment: Bahá'ís were often arrested on false charges, including espionage or propaganda against the state, and were subjected torture and to long prison sentences.

    Discrimination in education and employment: Bahá'ís were barred from higher education and many forms of employment within the public sector initially and then it expanded to all sectors of the economy. Their business licences were often revoked or they were prevented from starting businesses.

    Property confiscation: Bahá'í properties, including holy sites, cemeteries, and religious centres, were desecrated, vandalized, confiscated or destroyed by the government.

    Denial of citizenship rights: Bahá'ís faced difficulty in obtaining identification documents, which denied them citizenship rights and access to essential services.

    Hate propaganda and vilification: Bahá'ís were subjected to hate propaganda through state-controlled media and religious leaders, portraying them as morally corrupt, enemies of Islam and the state. [Iran Press Watch]

    Physical violence and harassment: Bahá'ís were targeted for physical violence, harassment, and intimidation by both government authorities and extremist groups.

    Efforts by the international community, international human rights organizations, and individuals raised awareness of the persecution faced by Bahá'ís in Iran, urging the Iranian government to respect their human rights and provide them with the freedom to practice their religion without fear of persecution. In the early years of the Revolution about 200 Bahá'ís were executed but in the face of international pressure the regime resorted to more subtile and systematic means of oppression. On the whole the regime was defiant in the face of pressure from other countries, the United Nations and other Human Rights groups. [Iran Press Watch]

    * Persecution, Iran; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Human rights; Iran; Iranian revolution (1979)
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    Although the first National Spiritual Assembly of Uganda was elected in the summer of 1970 it has been listed the following Ridván. [BW15p295] Kampala, Uganda; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Uganda
    1979 25 – 26 Aug
    197-
    An Administrative Committee for Uganda was appointed by the Universal House of Justice to prepare the Bahá'í community for the re-establishment of the national spiritual assembly. [LoF471] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Uganda
    1977 12 – 14 Aug
    197-
    An International Bahá'í Youth Conference was held in Enugu, Nigeria, attended by over 250 Bahá'ís from 19 countries. [BW17:150, 153] - Africa; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Enugu, Nigeria; Nigeria; Youth
    1978 Aug
    197-
    An International Bahá'í Youth Conference was held in Yaoundé, Cameroon, attended by some 380 Bahá'ís from 19 countries. [BW17:150, 153] - Africa; Cameroon; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Yaoundé, Cameroon; Youth
    1976 23 – 25 Jul
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Anchorage, Alaska, attended by 1,005 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:130–1.
  • For pictures see BW17:110, 113, 116–17.
  • - Conferences, International; Alaska, USA; Anchorage, AK; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Teaching; United States (USA)
    1977 19 – 22 Jan
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Auckland, New Zealand, attended by 1,195 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:136–7.
  • For pictures see BW17:111, 122–4.
  • - Asia-Pacific; - Conferences, International; Auckland, NZ; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; New Zealand; Teaching
    1977 27 – 30 Jan
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Bahia, Brazil, attended by 1,300 Bahá'ís, the largest such gathering of Bahá'ís to date in Brazil. [BW17:81; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:137–8.
  • For pictures see BW17:110, 124–5.
  • - Conferences, International; Bahia, Brazil; Brazil; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Latin America; Teaching
    1972 28 Apr - 2 May
    197-
    An international teaching conference was held in conjunction with the dedication of the Mother Temple of Latin America in Panama. [BW15:633–42]
  • For pictures see BW15:632–49.
  • Some 3,000 Bahá'ís attend. [TG191]
  • - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Panama; Panama
    1976 5 – 8 Jul
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Helsinki, Finland, attended by some 950 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:129–30.
  • For pictures see BW17:109, 112, 114–15.
  • - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Finland; Helsinki, Finland; Teaching
    1976 27 – 30 Nov
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Hong Kong, attended by 506 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:135–6.
  • For pictures see BW17:110, 111, 121–2.
  • - Asia; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Hong Kong; Teaching
    1977 4 – 6 Feb
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Mérida, Mexico, attended by more than 2,000 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:139.
  • Three Hands of the Cause were present – Paul Haney, Rahmatu'lláh Muhájir, and Enoch Olinga, as well as Counsellor Florence Mayberry who had been on the first national assembly of Mexico.
  • For pictures see BW17:112, 126–7.
  • VV33 says this was 2–6 Feb.
  • - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Latin America; Merida, Mexico; Mexico; Teaching
    1976 15 – 17 Oct
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya, attended by 1,363 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:133–4.
  • For pictures see BW17:110, 119–21.
  • - Africa; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Kenya; Nairobi, Kenya; Teaching
    1976 3 – 6 Aug
    197-
    An International Teaching Conference was held in Paris, attended by some 5,700 Bahá'ís. [BW17:81; DM416; VV33]
  • For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:131–2.
  • For the message of Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, see BW17:140.
  • For pictures see BW17:109, 117–19.
  • - Conferences, International; - Europe; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; France; Kurt Waldheim; Paris, France; Teaching; United Nations; United Nations, Secretary-Generals
    1976 9 – 11 Jul
    197-
    An International Youth Conference was held in Ivory Coast, attended by nearly 200 Bahá'ís. [BW17:150, 153] - Africa; - Conferences, International; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Ivory Coast; Youth
    1974 11 Sep
    197-
    Annemarie Krüger, a German citizen and a granddaughter of Dr Auguste Forel, arrived in Moldavia (then the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, a part of USSR) on the first of her teaching trips to Chisinau (Kishinev) as a tourist.
  • In 1985 she was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by the Universal House of Justice, although she never lived in the country. [Candle9 28 July, 2008]
  • - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Annemarie Krüger; Moldova first teaching trip to Moldavia
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    As a result of an intervention by the Egyptian chargé d'affaires, Bahá'í activities in Burundi were banned. [BW16:137]
  • At the request of the Universal House of Justice and through the able intervention of Dr. 'Aziz Navidi, several representations were made to the Government.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Aziz Navidi; Burundi; Persecution, Burundi
    1974 Ridván
    197-
    As part of the the Five Year Plan the Canadian Bahá'í Community was asked to "Cultivate opportunities for courses on the Faith in Canadian institutions of higher learning".

    In response the National Spiritual Assembly of Canada established the Canadian Association for Studies on the Bahá'í Faith. From 1974 to 1979 four annual meetings were held. The Association grew in membership, published a series of high quality monographs, initiated work on a textbook on the Faith of university calibre and stimulated formal presentation at universities and colleges throughout Canada. [Analysis of the Five Year International Teaching Plan 1974-1979 p76; BW18p194]

    Association for Bahá'í Studies (North America); Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Bahá'í studies; Canada
    1977 Jun
    197-
    At the behest of the Universal House of Justice, two conferences were held for Persian-speaking Bahá'ís resident in Europe, one in Germany and one in London. [BW17:194] - Conferences, International; - Europe; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Persian-speaking Bahá'ís; Diaspora, Persian; Germany; London, England; United Kingdom
    1977 17 Oct
    197-
    At the end of the Asian Bahá'í Women's Conference Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum laid the foundation stone of the Mother Temple of the Indian Subcontinent. [BW17:85, 180, 368–70; VV35] - Asia; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Women; Foundation stones and groundbreaking; India; Lotus temple, New Delhi; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Delhi; New Delhi, India
    1978 15 - 15 Apr
    197-
    At the second Seminar on Bahá'í Studies held at the University of Lancaster Denis MacEoin, a Lecturer in Islamic Studies at the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, delivered his paper Early Shaykhí Reaction to the Báb and His Claims. It has been presented in Studies in Bábí & Bahá'í History, Volume 1, edited by Moojan Momen. Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Bahá'í studies; Lancashire, England; Lancaster, England; Shaykhism; United Kingdom
    1974 23 Apr
    197-
    At the trial of nearly 50 Bahá'ís in Baghdád, the Iraqi military court sentenced 13 men and one girl to life imprisonment, one man and two girls to 15 years' imprisonment, and two men and seven women to ten years' imprisonment; 13 Bahá'ís were fined and released. [BW16:138] - Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1979 1 Feb
    197-
    Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Iran from exile in France. On the 11th of February, the revolutionary government assumed power. - Ayatollahs; Ayatollah Khomeini; History (general); Iran; Iran, General history; Iranian revolution (1979); Tehran, Iran
    1976 May
    197-
    Bahá'í activities in Mali were restricted by order of the government and the decree of recognition of the Faith suspended. [BW17:81] - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Mali; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Mali
    1979 (In the year)
    197-
    Bahá'í cemeteries across Iran were confiscated, including the cemetery in Tihrán, which contains the graves of several Hands of the Cause and other distinguished Bahá'ís as well as several thousand other graves of Bahá'ís.
  • Many graves were desecrated and the gravestones smashed.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Destruction; - Persecution, Other; Cemeteries and graves; Iran
    1978 Dec
    197-
    Bahá'í homes in Andarún, Iran, were besieged; one Bahá'í was badly beaten. [BW18:275–6] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Andarún, Iran; Iran
    1979 Nov
    197-
    Bahá'í meetings were prohibited in Shasavár, Iran. [BW18:255] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran; Shasavar, Iran
    1979 12 Jan
    197-
    Bahá'í members of the Sádát-Mahmúdí clan of the Buyr-Ahmad tribe of central Iran were driven from their homes by other clan members. [BW18:271]
  • For the report of this incident and its aftermath see BW18:271–4.
  • For a picture see BW18:272.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran
    1976 Jan
    197-
    Bahá'ís in Jamaica initiated a weekly 15-minute radio programme. [BW16:186] Jamaica; Radio
    1970 12 Nov
    197-
    Bahá'ís in the Central African Republic were arrested at a meeting to commemorate the anniversary of the birth of Bahá'u'lláh and Bahá'í activities were banned when a disaffected Bahá'í denounced the Faith as a political movement to the authorities. [BW15:207] - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Bans; Central African Republic; Persecution, Central African Republic
    1979 Sep
    197-
    Bahár Vujdání was executed in Mahábád, Iran. [BW18:255] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Mahabad, Iran
    1979 6 May
    197-
    Bernard Howell Leach CBE, (b.5 Jan 1887 Hong Kong), internationally known potter, artist and author, passed away in St Ives, Cornwall. He was buried in the Barnoon Cemetery in St Ives. [BW18:669–71]
  • See AY50 for the significance of the name of the village of St. Ives.
  • Find a grave
  • Wikipedia.
  • Leach Pottery.
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica
  • He was the author of A Potter's Book, A Potter in Japan as well as Beyond East and West: Memoirs, Portraits and Essays, and Drawings, Verse and Belief. [Collins10.892-10.985]
  • See Bernard Leach, Potter:A Biographical Sketch by Robert Weinberg.
  • See Remembering Bernard Leach by Trudi Scott (Published in BW18 pp929-931).
  • See Traces that Remain p216-218.
  • See the tribute to Bernard Leach and Shoki Hamada entitled Pioneering Pottery Sought Unity of East and West on the centenary of the founding of Leach Pottery in St. Ives, England.
  • See a brief biography in The Bahá'í Community of the British Isles 1844-1963 p462-464 and for the story of his learning of the Faith, p460-464.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Bernard Leach; Cornwall, England; St. Ives, England; United Kingdom
    1970 (In the Year)
    197-
    Botswana held its first National Youth School. [BW15:329] - Conferences, National; - First conferences; Botswana; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth first National Youth School in Botswana
    1976 to 1985
    197-
    British pioneers Ron, Thelma, Simon and Suzanne Batchelor lived in Kathmandu, Nepal. [Thelma Batchelor on Bahá'í History UK] - Pioneers; Kathmandu, Nepal; Nepal
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    By this time the Bahá'í communities of Liberia and Guinea had developed sufficiently to merit their own Regional Spiritual Assembly. Previously they had been administrated by the National Spiritual Assembly of West Africa which had been formed in 1964 and re-formed in 1970. This new administrative unit, the National Spiritual Assembly of Liberia and Guinea, operated until 1982 when they each formed an independent national assembly. [BW98-99p54-55] Guinea; Liberia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1978 4 Mar
    197-
    Christaline Francis, the first woman of the Caribs to become a Bahá'í, enrolled in Dominica. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Dominica first woman Carib Bahá’í in Dominica
    1970 Jan
    197-
    Claire Gung opened Auntie Claire's Kindergarten in new facilities in Kampala with an enrollment of 146 children. [CG81] - Bahá'í inspired schools; Auntie Claires Kindergarten, Uganda; Kampala, Uganda; Uganda
    1978 27 Mar
    197-
    Counsellors do not have any legislative, executive or judicial authority, priestly functions, and can not make authoritative interpretations, however, the Universal House of Justice explained that they outrank Assemblies and the Assemblies are to keep them informed and consider their advice and recommendations. The relationship between the Councellors and the Assemblies is to be one characterized by love and a common desire to serve rather than by rank or station. [27 March 1978] Counsellors
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    Dan Jordon with Don Streets co-founded the Center for the Study of Human Potential at the University of Massachusetts and, along with other Bahá'í educators and scholars, Dr Jordon started the Anisa Project, a comprehensive, Bahá'í-inspired educational system organized around a philosophical base. The model was adopted by dozens of school systems during Jordan's lifetime.
  • The Anisa Educational Model was inspired by the Bahá'í teachings and the philosophical work of Alfred North Whitehead and soon grew into a national movement that trained hundreds of educators.
  • This new educational model was conceptualized as a process rather than a fixed formula. Based on the constantly-evolving empirical framework of the biological and medical sciences the Anisa Model gathered and unified educational practice and theory into a completely new paradigm. [Anisa Model Home Page]
  • See the book by Dan Jordon and Don Streets Releasing the Potentialities of the Child.
  • Biographical information about Daniel C Jordon.
  • See also three articles by David Langness:
  • * Philosophy; Alfred North Whitehead; Anisa Educational Model; Dan Jordan; Don Streets; Education; Massachusetts, USA; Process philosophy
    1978 Ridvan
    197-
    Delegates to the International Convention attended a ceremony to further dedicate the new building for the Seat of the Universal House of Justice. The superstructure of the building was completed at this stage. Chairing the event was Hand of the Cause Dr. Ugo Giachery with special guest Ethel Revell, former member of the International Bahá'í Council in attendance. A casket containing dust from both Holy Shrines was placed in a niche specially designed for it.
  • Delegates from 123 National/Regional Assemblies attended. [BW17p293-300]
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Boxes containing dust, earth or plaster; Haifa, Israel; Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa)
    1972 (In the year)
    197-
    Derek and Sally Dacey, the first resident pioneers on Montserrat in the East Leeward Islands, arrived at their pioneer post. - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Leeward Islands first resident pioneers on Montserrat
    1978 Apr
    197-
    Dorothy Francis, an Aboriginal person from the Salteaux tribe, was awarded the Order of Canada for her services to Canadian native peoples and her efforts to preserve their culture. [BW17:103; VV29]
  • For a picture see BW17:103.
  • Canada; Dorothy Francis
    1979 11 Nov
    197-
    Dr 'Alímurád Dávúdí, a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran, was kidnapped in Tihrán and presumed to be dead. [BW18:254, 294] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; NSA; Tehran, Iran
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    Due to intensifying conflict throughout the country, the National Spiritual Assembly of Viet Nam reported that it has lost contact with a number of localities, including those in the regions of Binh Long, Binh Dinh, Kontum, Pleiku, Quang Tri, Thua Thien and Chuong Thien. [BN497 August 1972; Bahaipedia] National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Vietnam
    1972 (In the year)
    197-
    Egyptian security services have exploited the decree to orchestrate six major crackdowns on the Bahá'í community , in 1965, 1967, 1970, 1972,1985 and 2001. The authorities arrested a total of 236 Egyptian Bahá'ís in these crackdowns, on grounds that they had violated the decree or on charges of "contempt of religion" On the few occasions on which arrests were followed by prosecutions, none of the defendants were ever found guilty of violating Law 263/1960 or any other law." from "IV. Egypt's Baha'is and the Policy of Erasure" in Prohibited Identities: State Interference with Religious Freedom by Human Rights Watch. Persecution, Egypt
    1970 14 Aug - 1971 5 Sep
    197-
    Eight Oceanic and Continental Conferences were held. BW15:296–323]
  • For many pictures see BW15:296–316.
  • - Conferences; - Conferences, Continental; Oceanic Conference
    1976 (In the year)
    197-
    Elizabeth Martin with Chris Lyons made a film called Retrospective, a memoir of Hand of the Cause John Robarts. It included his reminiscences of the Guardian and of the early days of the Faith in Canada. [HNWE36] - Film; - Hands of the Cause; Canada; Chris Lyons; Elizabeth Martin; John Robarts; Toronto, ON
    1975 Jun
    197-
    Elti Kunak of Papua New Guinea was awarded the British Empire Medal for her work with women's clubs in the Bismarck Archipelago. [BW16:278] Elti Kunak; Papua New Guinea
    1979 16 Sep
    197-
    Enoch Olinga—Hand of the Cause of God and Knight of Bahá'u'lláh—his wife and three of his children were murdered in Kampala, Uganda. (b.24 June 1926) [BBD 172; BW18:633; LoF471-472]
  • He was buried near the grave of Hand of the Cause Mr Banání with the graves of his wife and children nearby. [CG132]
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the third contingent on the 2nd of October, 1957. [MoCxxiii]
  • For his obituary see BW18:618–35.
  • See Bahá'í Blog for a tribute to his life.
  • Early in May soldiers had invaded his home and thoroughly sacked it. The president of Uganda was a Nilotic and a native of northern Uganda as were a majority of his army. After taking control of the country they began to take reprisals from rival tribes and those who they thought had supported Idi Amin. [CG127]
  • On the morning of the murders Mr. Olinga and his family had participated in a work detail at the Temple grounds. After the evening meal, a group of soldiers entered their compound and murdered him as well as his wife Elizabeth the children Táhirih and Lennie. [CG130-132]
  • Claire Gung, the "Mother of Africa", had had an extraordinarily accurate dream and had warned Mr. Olinga of his danger. [CG163]
  • See Enoch Olinga, Knight of Baha'u'llah, Father of Victories and Hand of the Cause of God, Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4
  • See as well Glimpse of the life of Enoch Olinga as told by 'Ali Nakhjavani.
  • - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Dreams and visions; Enoch Olinga; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Third Contingent; Kampala, Uganda; Persecution, Uganda; Uganda
    1975 5 Jun
    197-
    Excavation of the site of the Seat of the Universal House of Justice began. [BW16:133; BW18:465]
  • See BW16:399–404 for an article on the Seat by architect Husayn Amánat.
  • See BW17:301 for the significance of the seat.
  • - Architects; - Bahá'í World Centre; Architecture; Haifa, Israel; Hossein Amanat (Husayn Amanat); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa)
    1970 20 - 22 Feb
    197-
    First American National Baha'i Education Conference in America was held in Wilmette. [USBN April 1970] - Conferences; Conferences, Bahá'í; United States (USA); Wilmette, IL First American National Baha'i Education Conference
    1979 (In the year)
    197-
    Five Bahá'ís were killed in Iran, two by execution. [BW18:291]
  • For the response of Bahá'í institutions to the persecution of the Bahá'ís in Iran see BW18:337–9.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran
    1974 4 Mar
    197-
    Following the arrest of more than 50 Bahá'ís in Iraq, their trial opened and the Bahá'ís were exonerated.
  • The Revolutionary Council was dissatisfied with this result and the case was ordered to be reopened in a military court with the death sentence requested for all the detainees. [BW16:138]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Court cases; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1971 13 Feb
    197-
    Following the ban imposed by the government of the Central African Republic on Bahá'í activities in November 1970 and subsequent representations made by the international Bahá'í lawyer Dr Aziz Navidi, the ban was lifted and the Bahá'í Faith officially recognized.
  • This was broadcast in every news bulletin on government radio for the next 24 hours, the first public proclamation of the Bahá'í Faith in the country.
  • See also A Brief Account of the Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nancy Oloro-Robarts and Selam Ahderom p8].
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Central African Republic; Firsts, other; Persecution, Central African Republic; Recognition (legal) first public proclamation in Central African Republic
    1971 13 Oct
    197-
    Following the banning of Bahá'í activities in Egypt in 1960, Egyptian Bahá'ís submitted a petition to the Supreme Constitutional Court asking for redress and for justice to be upheld. [BW15:173]
  • The opinion of one Mandatory of the government is that the 1960 decree was unconstitutional. [BW15:173]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution, Court cases; Court cases; Egypt; Persecution, Egypt
    1976 (In the year)
    197-
    Following the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam, an anti-religion policy was implemented and the Bahá'í Faith, along with all other religions, were banned. - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Persecution, Vietnam; Vietnam
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    Following the creation of the Rastákhíz political party by the Sháh of Iran and the refusal of the Bahá'ís to join it, although membership in it is compulsory, Bahá'ís throughout Iran are put under pressure. [BW18p391]
  • Many Bahá'ís lost their jobs. [BW18:391]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    Following the prohibition of Bahá'í activity in Egypt in 1960, Egyptian Bahá'ís put forward a petition to the Supreme Constitutional Court seeking to overturn the presidential decree as unconstitutional. - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Egypt; Persecution, Egypt; Petitions
    1973 7 Apr
    197-
    Following the return to stability in Burundi, the Bahá'í Faith was granted formal recognition by the government. [BW16:137] Burundi; Recognition (legal)
    1975 21 Jun
    197-
    Following the revolution in Portugal in April, the National Spiritual Assembly was officially recognized.
  • The process of incorporation began in 1951.
  • National Spiritual Assembly; Portugal
    1971 Ridván
    197-
    Formerly under the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assemblies of North West Africa, from 1956 to 1964, and of West Africa from 1964 to 1971 the Bahá'í community of Ivory Coast, Mali and Upper Volta elected its National Spiritual Assembly at Riḍván, 1971, with its seat in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. [BW15p193]
  • For picture see BW15p150.
  • Ivory Coast; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Ivory Coast, Mali and Upper Volta
    1974 25 Oct
    197-
    FUNDAEC (A Spanish acronym for Foundation for the Application and Teaching of the Sciences) was founded by a group of scientists and professionals led by Farzam Arbab, a renowned physicist who had arrived as a visiting professor to the University of Valle in 1970. The non-profit, non-governmental organization focused on training and development in the rural areas of Colombia and other countries in Latin America. [FUNDAEC website]
  • They would go on to establish SAT (Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial) which expanded across Latin America to reach more than 300,000 students, and become accredited and recognized by a number of governments.
  • The Brookings Institution, a major think tank in the United States, described SAT as "catalyzing an education revolution" by "transforming how education is conceptualized, designed, and delivered." It does this by focusing on skills that are beyond the traditional academic skills, such as moral and character development, and it conceives of learning as something much broader. The philosophy is one of nurturing socially minded young people who can support and sustain development in their own communities. It bridges theory with practice by linking classroom work with practical projects, like encouraging students to learn mathematics and science in the context of growing vegetables or using their language abilities to start small study groups to promote literacy.
  • One difference between SAT and other widely accepted classroom models is the concept of "tutors." Teachers working with SAT are referred to as tutors, and their role is defined as guiding and facilitating the learning process, rather than only imparting information. The lack of hierarchy is "an important distinction", wrote Brookings, "as it creates a culture of mutual respect and trust between tutors and students". [BWN1155]
  • Colombia; FUNDAEC; SAT (Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial)
    1970 20 Nov - 28 May 1971
    197-
    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion, Violette Nakhjavání, arrived in Ghana, at the start of the second leg of the 'Great African Safari' covering Western Africa. The itinerary was as follows:
  • Nov 20 - 28, 1970, Ghana
  • Nov 29 - Dec 21, 1970, Ivory Coast (now Côte d'Ivoire)
  • Dec 23, 1970 - Jan 14, 1971, Liberia
  • Jan 13 - 14, 1971, Ivory Coast (now Côte d'Ivoire)
  • Jan 15 - Feb 1, 1971, Mali
  • Feb 2 - 11, 1971, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso)
  • Feb 12 - 21, 1971, Ghana
  • Feb 22 - Mar 2, 1971, Ivory Coast (now Côte d'Ivoire)
  • Mar 3 - 15, 1971, Liberia
  • Mar 16 - 25, 1971, Sierra Leone
  • Mar 26 - Apr 8, 1971, Senegal
  • Apr 9 - 26, 1971, Gambia (now The Gambia)
  • Apr 26, 1971, Senegal
  • Apr 27 - May 10, 1971 Ivory Coast (now Côte d'Ivoire)
  • May 11 - 28, 197l, Ghana [BW15p606-607]
  • Accra, Ghana; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Burkina Faso; Gambia, The; Ghana; Great African Safari; Ivory Coast; Liberia; Mali; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Violette Nakhjavani
    1973 Feb
    197-
    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion Violette Nakhjavání completed their tour of Africa.
  • For details of the safari see BW15:593–607.
  • They drove some 36,000 miles to visit more than 30 countries. [BW15:596; VV12]
  • See BW15:606–7 for the countries, islands and territories visited and the heads of state and other dignitaries who received them.
  • - Africa; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Great African Safari; Haifa, Israel; Violette Nakhjavani
    1971 6 Aug - 31 May 1972
    197-
    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion, Violette Nakhjavání, arrived in Ghana, at the start of the third leg of the 'Great African Safari'. [BW15:594–607]

    The itinerary was as follows:

  • Aug 6 - 10, 1971, Ghana
  • Aug 11 - Sept 6, 1971, Dahomey (now Benin)
  • Sept 7 - Oct 4, 1971, Nigeria
  • Oct 5 - Nov 2, 1971, Cameroon Republic
  • By sea?
  • Dec 11, 1971 - Jan 31, 1972, Zaire (now Central African Republic)
  • Feb 1 - Mar 9, 1972, Zambia
  • Mar 10 - 31, 1972, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) [BW15p606-607]
  • Accra, Ghana; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Benin; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Ghana; Great African Safari; Nigeria; Violette Nakhjavani; Zambia; Zimbabwe
    1975 Feb - Aug
    197-
    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum set out on the Green Light Expedition to visit the indigenous peoples of the Amazon Basin in South America. [VV30–2]
  • For a pictorial description of the expedition see BW16:419–48.
  • See Green Light Expedition, a film by Rodney Charters, Mark Sadan, David Walker and Anthony Worley.
  • - Documentaries; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Anthony Worley; David Walker; Green Light Expedition; Latin America; Mark Sadan; Rodney Charters
    1972 11 May - 24 Feb 1973
    197-
    Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion, Violette Nakhjavání, arrived in Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe), at the start of the fourth leg of the 'Great African Safari'. This leg of the tour ended in Kenya. [BW15:594–607]

    The itinerary was as follows:

  • May 11 - Jun 8, 1972, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
  • June 4, 1972, Zambia
  • June 9 - 28, 1972, Botswana
  • June 29 - July 6, 1972, Republic of South Africa
  • July 7 - 11, 1972, South West Africa (Namibia)
  • July 12 - 19, 1972, Republic of South Africa
  • July 19 - Aug 4, 1972, Lesotho
  • Aug 4 - 14, 1972, Republic of South Africa
  • Aug 15 - Sept 19, 1972, Swaziland
  • Sept 20 - 21, 1972, Mozambique
  • Sept 22 - 23, 1972, Swaziland
  • Sept 24 - 27, 1972, Republic of South Africa
  • Oct 2 - 10, 1972, Kenya
  • Oct 11 - Nov 2,1972, Malawi
  • Nov 3 - 8, 1972, Kenya
  • Nov 9 - 24, 1972, Seychelles
  • Nov 25 - Dec 12, 1972, Kenya
  • Dec 5 - 18, 1972, Rwanda
  • Dec 13 - 14, 1972, Tanzania (And Mafia Island)
  • Dec 19, 1972 - Jan 13, 1973, Zaire (now Central African Republic)
  • Jan 14 - 22,1973, Rwanda
  • Jan 23 - 24, 1973, Burundi
  • Jan 25 - Feb 2, 1973, Tanzania (And Mafia Island)
  • Feb 2 - 24, 1973, Kenya [BW15p606-607]
  • Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Botswana; Burundi; Great African Safari; Harare, Zimbabwe; Kenya; Lesotho, South Africa; Mafia Island; Malawi; Mozambique; Nairobi, Kenya; Namibia; Rwanda; Seychelles; South Africa; Swaziland; Tanzania; Violette Nakhjavani; Zambia; Zimbabwe
    1978 23 Dec
    197-
    Helmut Winkelbach, a German Bahá'í, arrived in Bobrujsk, in what was then called the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh. [Ela-D Committee of Germany Records; BW95-96p48] - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Belarus; Bobrujsk, Belarus; Helmut Winkelbach
    1976 12 Sep
    197-
    His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II of Western Samoa visited the resting place of Shoghi Effendi. [BW17:69; VV22] London, England; Malietoa Tanumafili II of Western Samoa; Samoa; Shoghi Effendi, Resting place of (London); United Kingdom
    1973 18 Sep
    197-
    Husayn Amánat was appointed architect of the Seat of the Universal House of Justice. [BW16:133; DH172; VV37] - Architects; - Bahá'í World Centre; Architecture; Haifa, Israel; Hossein Amanat (Husayn Amanat); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa)
    1979 3 Jan
    197-
    In a message from the Department of the Secretariat of the Universal House of Justice "To the Participants in the Bahá'í Studies Seminar on Ethics and Methodology held in Cambridge on 30 September and 1 October 1978" the subject of the review of Bahá'í publications was clarified.
      .....it has already established the policy that doctoral theses do not have to be reviewed unless there is a proposal to publish them in larger quantities than is required by the examining body.

    Also included were comments / a small compilation from the Research Department at the World Centre on the seminar and on Bahá'í scholarship. They concluded by discussing the two particular dangers to which Bahá'í scholars are exposed.

    * Publications; * Publishing; * Science; - Publishing, Review; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Cambridge, England; Publishing, Policy and practice; Scholarship; United Kingdom
    1977 24 Mar
    197-
    In a cabled message, the Universal House of Justice called upon Bahá'í women around the world to arise and play an active role in the service of the Faith. [BW17:202]
  • For the report of the response to this call see BW17:202–14.
  • Women
    1974 9 Jun
    197-
    In a letter to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Iceland, the Universal House of Justice reiterated the laws not yet binding on the Bahá'ís of the West in the Kitab-i-Aqdas. [9 June 1974] - Bahá'í World Centre; Iceland; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws
    1975 5 Jun
    197-
    In a message to the Bahá'ís of the world, the Universal House of Justice recalled the "capital institutional significance" of the transference to Mount Carmel of the sacred remains of the Purest Branch and Navváb, interring them in the immediate neighbourhood of the resting-place of the Greatest Holy Leaf some thirty-six years prior.

       Now, on the occasion of the commencement of the construction of the seat of the Universal House of Justice, they recounted the progress of the Faith in the eighteen years since the completion of the first building on the Arc, the International Archives Building in June of 1957. In the time between 1957 to 1975.......
      - National Spiritual Assemblies have increased from 26 to 119
      - Local Spiritual Assemblies have increased from 1,000 to 17,000
      - Localities have increased from 4,500 to over 70,000 [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 5 June 1975]

    - Bahá'í World Centre; Statistics
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    In Cambodia, political upheaval and a ban on the Bahá'í Faith had scattered its communities and caused some believers to be imprisoned briefly. Dempsey and Adrienne Morgan returned in 1971 and discreetly helped facilitate communication among Bahá'ís. Once the ban was lifted in 1974, he assisted in re-formation of several Local Spiritual Assemblies and instituted training classes. The foundation built by the national Bahá'í community helped it endure the devastating upheavals of subsequent years. [The American Bahá'í, Servants of the Glory page 48]
  • "All effective contact with the Cambodian Bahá'ís was lost during the period of Khmer Rouge rule (1975-79), and apart from contact with Bahá'ís subsequently found in refugee camps in Thailand, the community had to be completely re-established in the 1980s." [Religious Freedom in the Asia Pacific: The Experience of the Bahá'í Community p87 by Graham Hassall]
  • "With the conclusion of warfare and the establishment of the new regime all Bahá'í activity in Cambodia is at a standstill, as far as can be ascertained. For a time the national Teaching Committee secretary wrote of continuing teaching activity among the believers and enquirers but there are now no available channels of communication and there has been no recent news of the fate of the Khmer Bahá'ís". [BW16 p.138]
  • - Persecution, Bans; Adrienne Morgan; Cambodia; Dempsey Morgan; Persecution, Cambodia; Thailand
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    In Germany, Hermann Zimmer resurrected the claims of Ruth White in a small book published in 1971 (English translation in 1973), A Fraudulent Testament devalues the Bahá'í Religion into Political Shogism.
  • In Switzerland, Francesco Ficicchia wrote a comprehensive attack aimed mainly at the Bahá'í administration,
  • Der Bah'ismus Weltreligion der Zunkunft? (Evangelische Zentralstelle für Weltanschauungsfragen, Quell Verlag, Stuttgart, 1981).
  • Both of these works were financed and distributed by Evangelical Protestant organizations in Germany. [The Covenant and Covenant-breaker by Moojan Momen]
  • Covenant-breaking; Criticism and apologetics; Francesco Ficicchia; Germany; Hermann Zimmer; Ruth White; Switzerland
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    In Indonesia several Bahá'ís were arrested, given light sentences and released for violating the 1962 and 1972 bans on Bahá'í activity. [BW19:41]
  • A few months later four Bahá'ís were sentenced to five years' imprisonment; they remained in prison for the full five years. [BW19:41]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution, Court cases; Indonesia; Persecution, Indonesia
    1972 (In the year)
    197-
    In Indonesia the Attorney-General confirmed the 1962 ban on Bahá'í administrative institutions and added a further prohibition against organized Bahá'í teaching activities. [BW19:41] - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Indonesia; Persecution, Indonesia
    1979 Feb
    197-
    In Iran, Bahá'í representatives met with high-ranking clergy in Shíráz, Qum and Mashhad to combat the widespread accusation that the Bahá'ís of Iran had supported the regime of the Sháh. [BW18:252] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran
    1979 Oct
    197-
    In Iran, Bahá'ís in the ministries of education, health and social administration were dismissed from their jobs. [BW18:255] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Education; - Persecution, Other; Iran
    1978 (In the year)
    197-
    In Iran, many local Bahá'í centres were seized by armed men of the revolutionary committees, along with files and membership lists. [BW17:79–80] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres); Iran
    1975 Nov
    197-
    In Iran, the house of the maternal uncle of the Báb and the adjacent house in which the Báb was born were destroyed on the pretext that the sites needed to be cleared. [BW17:79] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Destruction; Báb, Family of; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Iran; Shíráz, Iran
    1979 (early June)
    197-
    In Iran, the offices of Nawnahálán and the Umaná' Corporation were taken over by Revolutionary Guards. [BW18:252]

    The Bahá'í Children's Savings Company, known in Iran as Shirkat-i Nawnahalan, began as a savings bank for Bahá'í children in 1917. As successive generations of Bahá'í children grew up, they kept their savings–primarily intended for their future educations–with the company, and local and national Bahá'í institutions also placed their deposit funds there. The Iranian government raided and took over the offices of this company in early June of 1979, freezing and then confiscating all of its assets, estimated at $5 million—literally stealing money from children. [Bahá'í Teachings 4 Oct 2012]

    * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran; Nawnahalan
    1975 Jul
    197-
    In Iraq, a partial amnesty reducing the terms of the Bahá'ís imprisoned by 15 per cent was granted. [BW16:138] - Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1975 Sep c.
    197-
    In Iraq, a young Bahá'í was detained, interrogated, beaten and asked to recant his faith when he specified his religion on a form.
  • When he refused to recant his faith he was tried by a revolutionary court and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. [BW16:138]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Court cases; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1974 21 Mar
    197-
    In its Naw-Rúz Message the Universal House of Justice announced that there would be eight International Teaching Conferences will be held during the middle part of the Five Year Plan; two for the Arctic, one in Anchorage and one in Helsinki during July 1976, one in Paris in August 1976, one in Nairobi in October 1976, one in Hong Kong in November 1976, one in Auckland and one in Bahia, Brazil in January 1977 and one in Mérida, Mexico in February 1977. The theme of these conferences was the urgent need for the Bahá'ís to ARISE to teach the Cause of Bahá'u'lláh. (Arise-Reach-Individual-Souls-Everywhere). 14,500 Bahá'ís attended. [Naw-Rúz 1974.] - Conferences, International; - Worldwide; Arising; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Teaching; Universal House of Justice
    1970 Ridván
    197-
    In its Ridván Message the Universal House of Justice announced the appointment of three additional Councillors, Iraj Ayman in Western Asia, Anneliese Bopp and Betty Reed in Europe and some 45 additional Auxiliary Board Members, 9 in Africa, 16 in Asia, 2 in Australasia and 18 in the Western Hemisphere. [Ridván 1970] - Bahá'í World Centre; Assistants; Auxiliary board members; Counsellors
    1978 Jul
    197-
    In Niger, an announcement was made on the national radio banning 'the Baha'ist sect and the Nineteen Day Feast' throughout the country; immediately, all Bahá'í administrative activities were suspended and the national spiritual assembly was dissolved. [BW17:147]
  • Mr Djoneidi was called into police-headquarters in Niger for questioning and was held for three days; then released unharmed. Other Bahá'ís were also called in.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Niger; Persecution, Niger
    1979 27 Jan
    197-
    In Samoa, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II and Hand of the Cause of God Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum laid the cornerstone of the first Bahá'í House of Worship of the Pacific Islands. [BW17:188, 371; VV36]
  • For the text of the address delivered by His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II see BW17:372.
  • For excerpts from the address of Hand of the Cause of God Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum see BW17:373.
  • For pictures see BW17:374.
  • - Islands; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Apia, Samoa; Foundation stones and groundbreaking; Malietoa Tanumafili II of Western Samoa; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Apia, Samoa; Pacific; Samoa
    1975 Ridván
    197-
    In the chaos related to the final days of the Vietnam War, a national convention could not be held and the election of the National Spiritual Assembly was conducted by mailed ballot. At this time it was estimated that the Bahá'í population of Vietnam was around 200,000. [Bahaipedia]
  • The reunification of the country took place on the 30th of April, 1975.
  • "Vietnam was reunified under a communist government, who proscribed the practice of the religion from 1975 to 1992, leading to a sharp drop in community numbers." []
  • Conventions, National; Vietnam
    1979 -1982
    197-
    In the period Riḍván 1979 to Riḍván 1982 the Association for Bahá'í Studies played an increasingly important role in the affairs of the international Bahá'í community and through its conferences and publications has provided an exciting forum for intellectual and spiritual development.

    A change of name which was recommended by the Canadian National Assembly and approved by the Universal House of Justice in April 1981 reflecting the emerging nature of the Association's membership and activities with national affiliates established in a number of countries. lts executive committee included, for the first time, members from the United States as well as Canada. Serving on the Executive Committee were Hossain Danesh, Glen Eyford, Richard Gagnon, Jane Goldstone, William Hatcher, Douglas Martin, Peter Morgan, Nasser Sabet and Christine Zerbinis, of Canada. Firuz Kazemzadeh and Dorothy Nelson served as liaison officers in the United States. [BW18p194]

    See Wikipedia for a current list of association for Bahá'í Studies worldwide.

    In 1979 the Universal House of Justice gave a further goal to the Canadian community for the Seven Year Plan: 'Expand the opportunities for teaching in Canadian institutions of higher learning and further develop the Canadian Association for Studies on the Bahá'í Faith.'

    And in 1981, when the second phase of the Seven Year Plan was launched, the Universal House of Justice restated this goal and divided it into two parts: 'Foster the development of the Canadian Association for Studies on the Bahá'í Faith' and "Expand and intensify the teaching of the Faith in Canadian institutions of higher learning.'

    The goal of cultivating opportunities for formal presentations and courses remained a primary objective of the Association, but the Universal House of Justice also encouraged specific attention to the development of the Association itself. The Association had become a significant feature of the intellectual, social and spiritual life of the Canadian community, and for increasing numbers of Bahá'ís worldwide.

    In March of 1981 the Association for Bahá'í Studies announced the acquisition of a property in the heart of the University of Ottawa campus, the first such centre in the world. It is located at 34 Copernicus Street Ottawa, Ontario KIN 7K4. [BW18p195]

    Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Canada; United States (USA)
    1977 16 Sep
    197-
    In Uganda, 27 religious organizations were banned, including the Bahá'í Faith, and the Bahá'í House of Worship was closed. [BW17:81]
  • The national spiritual assembly and all 1,550 local assemblies were dissolved. [BW17:141]
  • The Assembly was able to re-form in 1981. [The Achievements of the Seven Year Plan p2]
  • - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; LSA; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Kampala; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Uganda; Uganda
    1975 24 Jun
    197-
    Iran became one of the first countries in the world to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The covenant spelled out clearly the concept of freedom of religion or belief.
    Article 18 states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his/her religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching." The ICCPR also spells out specific rights to due process "without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status." These include freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention, the right to be "promptly informed" of charges, and the right to legal counsel. Article 9 of the ICCPR states that "[n]o one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention." It also states that "[a]nyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him." Article 14 spells out the right to legal counsel, stating everyone has the right "to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing. …"
    The Covenant was opened for signature at New York on 19 December 1966 and came into force on 23 March 1976. [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Fact Sheet]
    Bahá'í International Community; Human rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR); Iran; New York, USA; United Nations; United Nations; United States (USA)
    1977 31 May
    197-
    Joe Rabess, the first Carib to become a Bahá'í, enrolled in Dominica. Dominica; Joe Rabess first Carib Bahá’í, in Dominica
    1973 5 Sep
    197-
    John Ferraby, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away in Cambridge, England. (b. 9 January,1914) [BW16:511, VV8]
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the third contingent on the 2nd of October, 1957. [MoCxxiii]
  • For his obituary see BW16:511–12.
  • Wikipedia.
  • Bahaipedia.
  • He was the author of All Things Made New published in 1960 by Allen & Unwin, London.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Cambridge, England; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Third Contingent; John Ferraby; United Kingdom
    1974 18 Aug
    197-
    Laura Clifford Dreyfus-Barney, (b. 30 Nov 1879, Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, USA) passed away in Paris. [BW16:296]
  • For her obituary see BW16:535–8.
  • She was buried at Cimetiere de Passy, Paris, City of Paris, Île-de-France, France.
  • She is best known for having compiled the Bahá'í text Some Answered Questions from her interviews with `Abdu'l-Bahá during her visit to Akka between 1904 and 1906. [Wikipedia]
  • See Laura Barney's Discipleship to 'Abdu'l-Bahá: Tracing a Theological Flow from the Middle East to the United States, 1900–1916 by Layli Maria Miron in The Journal of Bahá'í Studies 28.1-2 2018.
  • She was the only Western woman to have been designated as "Amatu'l-Bahá" (Handmaid of Bahá) by 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [Some Answered Questions" and Its Compiler by Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani published in Lights of Irfan, 18, pages 445; M9YA314]
  • At the end of the war she placed her faith in the League of Nations and represented the International Council of Women in that body, playing an important role in cultural exchange. She was the only woman named by the League Council to sit on the Sub-Committee of experts on Education, a post which she held for many years, beginning in 1926. On 23 July 1925 she was appointed Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur. In that same year she formed under the aegis of the League of Nations the 'Liaison Committee of Major International Organizations to promote through Education better Understanding between Peoples and Classes' and became a permanent member of the committee as well as its liaison officer. In 1934 she became a member of the Advisory Committee of the League of Nations on Teaching; she was also a member of the French Committee on Intellectual Co-operation. [BW15p537]
  • See A Glimpse into the Life of Laura Dreyfus-Barney by Mona Khademi for a brief biography of Laura Barney and her family.
  • My Interview with Laura Dreyfus-Barney by Jack McLean (1967)
  • See The Life of Laura Barney by Mona Khademi published by George Ronald in 2022.
    • See page 67-71 for an account of her recording of the "table talks" of 'Abdu'l-Bahá.
    • See page399 for her listing in Who's Who in America.
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Amatul-Bahá (title); France; Laura Clifford Barney; Paris, France; Some Answered Questions (book)
    1973 (In the year)
    197-
    Leonora Armstrong was appointed to the Continental Board of Counsellors. [Biographical Profile] Brazil; Counsellors; Leonora Holsapple Armstrong
    1971
    197-
    Localities: 46,707

    Local Assemblies: 10,461

    National Assemblies: 113 [from a pamphlet published by the NSA of Canada "Baha'i A New Man A New World Order"]

    Statistics
    1973
    197-
    Localities: 54,102

    Local Assemblies: 13,737

    National Assemblies: 113

    Tribes and minorities represented: 1,191

    Literature translated into 567 languages

    Schools and Institutes: 153

    Independent countries and important territories opened to the Bahá'í Faith: 317 [from a pamphlet published by the NSA of Canada "Baha'i A New Man A New World Order"]

    Statistics
    1975 20 Apr
    197-
    Michael Cooper, a Bahá'í from Northampton, U.K., who had never had a passport, never been out of his country , and never been on an airplane, volunteered to pioneer to Iceland. He on April 20th, just in time to become the ninth member of a Spiritual Assembly. [BN No 544 July 1975 p17] - Pioneers; Iceland; Michael Cooper
    1978 Oct - Nov
    197-
    Mobs destroyed the Hazíratu'l-Quds in Mihán-du-´Ab followed by the burning or looting of 80 homes and the murder of two believers, a father and son who bodies were dragged through the streets, cut into pieces and consigned to the flames. Throughout the country the hostility towards the Bahá'ís resulted in 4 deaths, the loss of millions in property and the displacement of some 700 people.
  • The National Spiritual Assembly of Iran instituted a special fund for relief of the needy and suffering. [BN 136 April 1979 p2-3]
  • - Persecution; Azerbaijan; Funds; Funds, relief; Iran; Mihán-du-`Ab, Iran
    1979 17 Jan
    197-
    Mohammad Rezā Pahlavi‎, known as Mohammad Reza Shah, entitled Shāhanshāh ("Emperor" or "King of Kings"), fled Iran. The dissolution of the monarchy was complete on the 11th of February. - Shahs; - Shahs, Throne changes; History (general); Iran; Iran, General history; Iranian revolution (1979); Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi; Tehran, Iran
    1978 16 - 19 Dec
    197-
    More than 560 Bahá'ís from 14 countries throughout Malaysia gathered for the South East Asia Bahá'í Regional Conference. [BN136 April 1979] - Conferences, Regional; Kuching, Malaysia; Malaysia; Sarawak, Malaysia
    1970 Apr - Aug
    197-
    More than 6,000 people became Bahá'ís in Bolivia. [BW15:232] Bolivia; Mass conversion
    1971 4 Sep
    197-
    Músá Banání, Hand of the Cause of God, passed away in Kampala, Uganda. (b.1886) [BW15:42; VV7]
  • For a brief biography see Bahá'í Chronicles.
  • For his obituary see BW15:421–423.
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the second contingent on the 29th of February, 1952. [MoCxxiii]
  • A Bahá'í Winter and Summer School was established in the southern part of Ethiopia and named "Banání House" in honour of Hand of the Cause Músá Banání, their "spiritual father". [BW15p187]
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Second Contingent; Kampala, Uganda; Musa Banani; Uganda
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    National Spiritual Assembly of the Arabian Peninsula with its seat in Bahrayn was dissolved and the National Spiritual Assembly of the Eastern Arabian Peninsula was formed with its seat in Bahrayn (Bahrain) as well as the National Spiritual Assembly of Kuwait with its seat in Kuwait city. [BW15p297]
  • For picture see BW15:151.
  • It is assumed that the National Spiritual Assembly of the Eastern Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain) had Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (1974), Oman (1978),
  • Arabian Peninsula; Bahá'u'lláh, Prison cell of (Akká); Bahrain; Kuwait; National Spiritual Assembly, formation first NSA Arabian Peninsula
    1970 Dec
    197-
    One of the goals of the Canadian Bahá'í Community was to prepare its "daughter" community, Iceland, to achieve National Assembly status by Ridván 1972 with incorporation by 1973. To facilitate these goals the National Spiritual Assembly assigned Douglas and Elizabeth Martin to the project with Elizabeth as the principal executive. The opening phase of the proclamation was launched at a Victory Conference which resulted in the enrollment of thirty people in January 1971 thus doubling the numbers in Iceland.
  • In January/February 1971 Continental Board of Counsellor Betty Reed visited and there were 130 declarations and of these, eight were adults. [BN No 487 October 1971 p20]
  • In addition six Icelandic believers, three of them youth, were invited to attend the Canadian National Convention in Halifax at Ridván. They were: Gudmundur Bardarson, Anna Maggy Palsdottir, Baldur B. Bragason, Margret Bardardottir, Svana Einarsdottir, and Janina Njalsdottir. [BN485 6 August, 1971 pg 6]
  • The Icelandic community organized a team to undertake a summer teaching project in the Faroes Islands in cooperation with the UK Bahá'ís. [BW15335-336]
  • Three additional local assemblies were formed in Iceland in August 1971 and they were in Keflavik, Hafnarfjordur and Kopavogur. [HNWE26; BN485 6 August, 1971 pg 6]
  • - Conferences; Anna Maggy Palsdottir; Baldur B. Bragason; Douglas Martin; Elizabeth Martin; Gudmundur Bardarson; Iceland; Janina Njalsdottir; Margret Bardardottir; Reykjavik, Iceland; Svana Einarsdottir
    1970 May
    197-
    One thousand Guajiro Indians became Bahá'ís in Venezuela. [BW15:241] Mass conversion; Native Americans; Venezuela
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    Oscar DeGruy founded Bahá'í youth workshops to reach disaffected young people battered by racism, gang violence and drug abuse. The groups aided youth to explore the social problems plaguing the world and to identify the spiritual principles that could address them. The groups created dances that creatively addressed different issues, such as ending racial prejudice, substance abuse, and the equality of men and women.
  • A generation of Baha'i youth in the U.S. were raised with the workshop model. Eventually the idea spread worldwide, and youth in other countries used the workshop model to explore the application of Bahá'í principles to the issues in their own countries.
  • The performance troupe "Beyond Words" in 2009 comprised youth from South Africa, Cuba, Taiwan, Ireland, United Kingdom. [One Country Jul-Sep 1997 Vol 9 Issue 2]
  • Dance workshops; Oscar DeGruy
    1972 summer
    197-
    Over 150 American youth join European youth in Operation Hand-in-Hand, a joint teaching project. [BW15:338]
  • For picture see BW15:347.
  • Teaching campaigns; United States (USA); Youth
    1970 - early 1971
    197-
    Over 20,000 Afro-Americans from the rural areas of the south-eastern United States became Bahá'ís. [BBRSM187] Mass conversion; United States (USA)
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    Over 500 people became Bahá'ís in Bangladesh. [BINS86] Bangladesh; Mass conversion
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    Owing to difficulties within the Bahá'í community, the National Spiritual Assembly of Thailand was disbanded. National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Thailand
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    Owing to the continuing ban on Bahá'í activities and institutions, the national spiritual assembly and all local spiritual assemblies were disbanded in Indonesia. - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Indonesia; Persecution, Indonesia
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    Owing to the failure of the Indonesian Bahá'ís to obtain religious liberty, the Universal House of Justice instructed that the national convention not be held. - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Conventions, National; Indonesia; Persecution, Indonesia
    1972 30 Jul
    197-
    Parvíz Sádiqí, Farámarz Vujdání and Parvíz Furúghí, Iranian youth pioneers, were murdered near Mindanao, Philippines, by Muslims. [BW15:257; DM316–17]
  • The three were found in a shallow grave. All had been shot, grievously mutilated and two had been decapitated. The bodies were removed and given a Bahá'í burial in a beautiful plot donated for the purpose. [CBN261September1972p1]
  • For their obituaries see BW15:514–16.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Cemeteries and graves; Persecution, Philippines; Philippines
    1977 May
    197-
    Paul and Jane Jensen arrived on Andros Island in the Bahamas, the first Bahá'ís to reside on the island. - Travel teachers and pioneers, First; Andros Island first Bahá’ís to reside on Andros Island
    1977 Dec
    197-
    Properties confiscated by the Iraqi government belonging to individual Bahá'ís were returned; properties and funds belonging to the Faith were turned over to the Ministry of the Interior for disposal. [BW17:80] - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iraq; Persecution, Iraq
    1979 29 Dec
    197-
    Rahmatu'lláh Muhájir, Hand of the Cause of God and Knight of Bahá'u'lláh, passed away in Quito, Ecuador. (b. 4 April 1923 in 'Abdu'l-'Azím) [BW18:486, 651]
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the third contingent on the 2nd of October, 1957. [MoCxxiii]
  • For his obituary see BW18:651–9.
  • See BWNS353 for news of the commemoration of the 25th anniversary of his passing in Quito.
  • See also Dr Muhajir: Hand of the Cause of God, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by Írán Furútan Muhájir.
  • See Bahá'í Chronicles.
  • For stories about Dr Mahájir see Bahá'í Memories.
  • See Academic Wikipedia.
  • See Rahmatu'llah Muhajir: Hand of the Cause of God the Treasure of All Humanity by Richard Francis.
  • A photo.
  • See as well LoF455-461.
  • The 25th anniversary of Rahmatu'lláh Muhájir's death was marked in Ecuador by a Growth and Victories conference and graveside ceremony, including a talk by his daughter Gisu Mohadjer Cook. BWNS353]
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; `Abdu'l-Azím, Iran; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Ecuador; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Third Contingent; Iran; Quito, Ecuador; Rahmatullah Muhajir
    1979 Sep
    197-
    Revolutionary committees in Shahsavár, 'Ábádán and Tabríz, Iran, ordered the arrest of Bahá'ís. [BW18:255]
  • Among those arrested were members of local spiritual assemblies. [BW18:255]
  • Bahá'í homes in Tabríz were raided and literature seized. [BW18:255]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Other; Ábádan, Iran; Iran; Shahsavar, Iran; Tabríz, Iran
    1979 Apr
    197-
    Revolutionary Guards in Iran occupied the House of the Báb in Shíráz and neighbouring Bahá'í properties, explaining that it was a temporary measure intended to protect the building. [BW17:79] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Iran; Shíráz, Iran
    1979 Feb
    197-
    Revolutionary Guards raided the offices of Nawnahálán, a Bahá'í investment company, and the Umaná' Corporation, a foundation for the purchase and maintenance of Bahá'í properties, and impoundeded the keys. [BW18:252]
  • In the weeks following, the offices were occupied by the Revolutionary Guards and the staff were dismissed. [BW18:252]
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran; Nawnahalan
    1970 19 – 21 Jun
    197-
    Rúhíyyih Khánum interrupted her African teaching safari to meet with more than 2,000 youth at the National Youth Conference in the United States. [BW15:331; VV10] - Africa; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; United States (USA); Youth
    1976 7 May
    197-
    Saichiro Fujita, (b. 1886) the second Japanese to become a Bahá'í, passed away in Haifa. [BW17:406; Bahá'í Canada No 294 June 1996 p6]
  • For his obituary see BW17:406–8.
  • 1903 came to California for education.
  • 1905 became a Bahá'í (Mrs. Kathryn Frankland)
  • 1912 joined 'Abdu'l-Bahá's party in Chicago as they were near departure for California.
  • 1919 came to the Holy Land after studying electricity and horticulture.
  • 1928 Shoghi Effendi sent him back to Japan with the war impending.
  • 1955 returned to the Holy Land.
  • Was buried in the Bahá'í Cemetery in Haifa.
  • References: Traces That Remain and Japan Will Turn Ablaze
  • - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Haifa, Israel; Saichiro Fujita
    1979 24 May
    197-
    Shaykh Muhammad Muvahhid, a well-known Bahá'í, was kidnapped in Tihrán. [BW18:254, 294] * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1975 1 Jan
    197-
    Shidan and Susan Kouchekzadeh, an Iranian-British couple pioneering in Sierra Leone, arrived in Conakry, the first Bahá'ís to settle in Guinea. - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Conakry, Guinea; Guinea; Sierra Leone first Bahá’ís to settle in Guinea
    1979 11 Nov
    197-
    Starting just months after the revolution, seven members of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Iran were disappeared. Only years later was it learned that they had been tried in a sham trial by a revolutionary court on charges of espionage, had been sentenced to death, and had been executed by firing squad. [* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; NSA; Tehran, Iran
    1978 (In the year)
    197-
    Ten Bahá'ís were killed in Iran, seven by mobs. [BW18:291]
  • For the response of Bahá'í institutions to the persecution of the Bahá'ís in Iran see BW18:337.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Mobs; Human rights; Iran
    1971 7 Jul
    197-
    The "boogie board", was invented by Tom Morey who was inspired by a certain passage of a Bahá'í prayer that has been translated as ... confer upon me thoughts which may change this world into a rose garden ....[The most iconic vintage bodyboards of all time; Short Biography; Mini Documentary; Wikipedia] - Famous Bahá'ís; Boogie Board; Hawaii, USA; Tom Morey
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The 'Lake Victoria Plan', a joint venture among the National Spiritual Assemblies of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi designed to carry the Faith to all the peoples and tribes living within Africa's largest lake basin, was inaugurated at the suggestion of Hand of the Cause Dr Muhájir. [DM96–8] - Africa; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Lake Victoria; Rahmatullah Muhajir
    1974 19 - 30 Aug
    197-
    The 3rd World Population Conference was held in Bucharest, Romania. The Conference was attended by representatives of 135 countries. The debate focused on the relationship between population issues and development. The Conference adopted the World Population Plan of Action, which stated, among other principles, that the essential aim is the social, economic and cultural development of countries, that population variables and development are interdependent and that population policies and objectives are an integral part (constituent elements) of socio-economic development policies. [United Nations site]
  • The Bahá'í International Community delegates to this conference presented the brochure, One World, One People - A Bahá'í View.
  • The paper emphasized that 'effective medium and long-range plans for solving the world food problem must rest on a conviction, by the individual and society, of the organic oneness of humanity, and a commitment to education and work that will be of service not only to one's fellow citizens, but to mankind as a whole', and suggested, among other considerations, that 'agriculture must be acknowledged as a vital human occupation and given a position of prestige in society'.
  • Delegates to the conference included Dr. Victor de Araujo, Miss Anneliese Bopp, Dr. Marco G. Kappenberger, and Mr. André McLaughlin. [BW16p344]
  • Andre McLaughlin; Anneliese Bopp; Bahá'í International Community; Bucharest, Romania; Marco G. Kappenberger; Romania; United Nations; Victor de Araujo
    1979 Ridván
    197-
    The Seven Year Plan was launched. (1979-1986) [BBD181; BBRSM159; BW17:71]
  • See Bahá'í News No 676 July 1987 p2-7 for the achievements of the Seven Year Plan.
  • See the publication The Seven Year Plan 1979-1986: Statistical Report Ridván 1983.
  • * Teaching Plans; - Bahá'í World Centre; Seven Year Plan (1979-1986)
    1975 Feb
    197-
    The Arab Boycott Office, at its meeting in Cairo, announced that the Bahá'í Faith had been placed on its blacklist. The decision had been taken through a misunderstanding as to the true nature and purpose of the Faith of Bahá'u'lláh, and was subsequently modified to state that only the businesses of individual Bahá'ís and companies owned by them would be boycotted. [BW17:78]

    See the statement released by the Bahá'í Community in New York on the 25th of February 1975.

    - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Persecution, Egypt
    1979 21 Aug
    197-
    The arrest of the nine members of the National Spiritual Assembly of Iran by an unknown armed group "claiming authority". They were accused of "plotting against the security of the State".

    Subsequently, on 11 September 1980, the Universal House of Justice sent a message to all National Assemblies informing them of an article published in the 29 August edition of Le Monde, by a non-Bahá'í contributor, Eric Rouleau condemning Iran for the complete disappearance of these nine Bahá'ís.

  • See the reference for both the message from the Universal House of Justice and the article titled "The Bahá'ís: An Accursed Community". [11 September 1980]
  • * Persecution, Iran; Iran; Tehran, Iran
    1977 13 – 16 Oct
    197-
    The Asian Bahá'í Women's Conference was held in New Delhi, attended by more than a thousand women from across Asia. 1,200 women from 36 countries were in attendance. [BW17:180]
  • For picture see BW17:212.
  • - Asia; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Women; India; New Delhi, India; Women
    1979 21 Nov
    197-
    The assets of three smaller institutions owned by the Bahá'í community, the Vahhaj, Matla and Huqúq companies, institutions that had served as holding companies for various types of funds and properties, were formally confiscated as well as those of the Trustees Company and the Children's Savings Company, (Shirkat-i Nawnahalan) in verdicts handed down by the Central Islamic Revolutionary Court, Branch 1. [Bahá'í Teachings 4 Oct 2012; BW18:252; Documentation (Page 3 and 5)]

    The Bahá'í Hospital, the Misaghieh Hospital, in Tehran was confiscated. See the documentation (page 7) for the list of charges against it.

    * Persecution, Iran; Childrens Savings Company; Huquq Company; Iran; Matla Company; Misaghieh Hospital, Tehran; Nawnahalan; Trustees Company; Vahhaj Company
    1977 Oct
    197-
    The Bahá'í Faith, along with many other religious groups, were banned in Uganda. The National Assembly and 1,550 local assemblies were dissolved. The ban was lifted in April of 1979 and the community began the process to re-build. [BWNS135; BW17:141]
  • The National Spiritual Assembly was re-established in 1981. [BW18:553]
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Persecution, Uganda; Uganda
    1978 14 - 26 Aug
    197-
    The Bahá'í International Community participated in the first World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination and sent a delegation of African, European, and Asian backgrounds to participate. A major focus on the conference was South Africa's apartheid policies of racial segregation and discrimination. [BIC History 1978]
  • See the declaration submitted by the Bahá'í International Community.
  • See the resolutions adopted.
  • Declaration and Programme of Action
  • - BIC statements; Bahá'í International Community; Geneva, Switzerland; Racism; United Nations
    1976 8 Mar
    197-
    The Bahá'í International Community was granted consultative status with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). [BIC History Consultative Status; BW16:337–8; VV54] Bahá'í International Community; New York, USA; UNICEF; United Nations; United States (USA)
    1970 27 May
    197-
    The Bahá'í International Community was granted consultative status, category II, by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations [BBRSM149; BW15:178, 366; BW16:333; BW19:30; VV54]
  • As a result, the Bahá'í International Community began to be represented at sessions of UN bodies addressing a wide range of issues of particular interest to Bahá'ís, including human rights, social development, status of women, environment, human settlements, agriculture, science and technology, new and renewable resources, population, law of the sea, crime prevention, narcotic drugs, children, youth, the family, disabled persons, the ageing, the United Nations University and disarmament.
  • At such sessions the Bahá'í International Community offers statements on the Bahá'í position on the subject under discussion.
  • Prior to this date individuals were accredited as "observer" representatives of the "Bahá'í International Community" which originally had been established in 1947 under the auspices of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. Individuals who served as observer representatives on a part-time basis were Mildred Mottahedeh, Dr Ugo Giachery, John Ferraby, 'Azíz Navidi and Dr Amin Banáni among others. In 1963 the responsibility for the BIC was transferred to the Universal House of Justice and in 1965 permanent offices were established in New York with a full-time representative appointed. The first representative was Mildred Mottahedeh who soon asked to be replaced. Dr Victor de Arujo served for 23 years until his retirement in January, 1991. [BW15p358-367]
  • Bahá'í International Community Representative, Victor de Araujo, was elected to the Executive Board of the Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations. [BIC History 1970]
  • Amin Banani; Aziz Navidi; Bahá'í International Community; Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); John Ferraby; Mildred Mottahedeh; New York, USA; Ugo Giachery; United Nations; United States (USA); Victor de Araujo
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Australia was established. - Publishing Trusts; Australia
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Fiji was established. - Publishing Trusts; Fiji
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Japan was established. - Publishing Trusts; Japan
    1976 Feb
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Korea was established. [BW16:237] - Publishing Trusts; Korea
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Malaysia was established. - Publishing Trusts; Malaysia
    1976 (In the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Norway was established. - Publishing Trusts; Norway
    1972 Sep
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of Taiwan was established and registered. [BW15:262] - Publishing Trusts; Taiwan
    1974 Mar
    197-
    The Bahá'í Publishing Trust of the Philippines was established in Manila. [DM318] - Publishing Trusts; Manila, Philippines; Philippines
    1979 20 Apr
    197-
    The Bahá'í World Centre reported that ten countries or territories had a Bahá'í population that exceeded one percent of the general population. [BW17:99]

    The world population of Bahá'ís was estimated to be 3,217,000. [BW19p67]

    Statistics
    1977 Ridván
    197-
    The Bahá'ís of Guyana elected an independent assembly while Surinamé and French Guiana communities organized their own national assembly. The elected members of the first National Assembly of Guyana were Sheila Dolphin, Henry Dolphin, Ellen Widmer, Frank Sheffey, Ivan Fraser, Eileen Hill, David Morris, Rooplall Doodnauth, and Krishna Seegopaul. [BN No 555 June 1977 p11] Guyana; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
    1975 (End of the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'ís of the Central African Republic began to televise regular semi-weekly programmes. [BW16:141] Central African Republic; Radio
    1973 1 Apr
    197-
    The Bahá'ís of the Central African Republic broadcasted the first of their weekly radio programs on Radio Bangui. The Bahá'í community along with the other major religions in the country was accorded the privilege of presenting weekly radio broadcasts over Radio Bangui, whose programmes reach not only all of the Central African Republic but the neighbouring countries of Equatorial Africa as well. The first programme was entitled "What is the Bahá'í Faith?" and was presented by Gbaguene Robert and Toleque-Koy Michel. [BW16:141]
  • See also...A Brief Account of the Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nancy Oloro-Robarts and Selam Ahderom p10-11]
  • Central African Republic; Firsts, other; Radio first weekly radio programme Central African Republic
    1973 Jan
    197-
    The Bahá'ís of The Gambia were granted freedom of worship by the Secretary-General of the Gambian government. [BW15:193] Gambia, The; Recognition (legal)
    1974 1 Dec
    197-
    The Bahá'í International Community appointed a representative in Nairobi. [BIC History 1974] Bahá'í International Community; Kenya; Nairobi, Kenya
    1971 18 Apr
    197-
    The Bahá'í International Community appointed a representative to the UN in Geneva. [BIC History 1971] Bahá'í International Community; Geneva, Switzerland
    1972 5 - 16 Jun
    197-
    The Bahá'í International Community was invited to participate in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm. It was attended by some 1,500 representatives and 600 observers. The BIC Representatives were Dr Arthur Lyon Dahl, a marine ecologist and Mr Torleif Ingelog, a forest ecologist. A special pamphlet, The Environment and Human Values: A Bahá'í View was prepared and distributed. [BW15p368]

    The Stockholm Declaration provided the first global set of principles for future international cooperation on environmental issues.

    - BIC statements; Arthur Dahl; Bahá'í International Community; Environment; Stockholm, Sweden; Sweden; Torleif Ingelog; United Nations
    1978 30 Sep - 1 Oct
    197-
    The Bahá'í Studies Seminar on Ethics and Methodology was held in Cambridge, UK.
  • See the Message from the Universal House of Justice addressed to the participants.
  • - Ethics; Bahá'í studies; Cambridge, England; Methodology; Scholarship
    1978 (In the year)
    197-
    The Bahá'ís of Vietnam were prohibited by the government from meeting and practising their religion. [BW17:81; BW19:50]
  • Bahá'í centres throughout the country were closed or confiscated;
  • The national Hazíratu'l-Quds in Ho Chi Minh City was seized and made into an orphanage;
  • Two members of the national spiritual assembly were arrested and sent to 're-education' camps.
  • One was released in 1982, owing to ill health.
  • - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres); National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Vietnam; Vietnam
    1979 Apr
    197-
    The ban against the Bahá'í Faith in Uganda was lifted and the House of Worship in Kampala was re-opened for worship. [BW17:141] - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Kampala, Uganda; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Kampala; Persecution, Uganda; Uganda
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    The ban imposed on the Bahá'í Faith in Burundi in 1974 was lifted but Bahá'í activities continued to be restricted, particularly in provincial areas. [BW16:137] - Persecution; - Persecution, Bans; Burundi; Persecution, Burundi
    1976 (In the year)
    197-
    The buildings for two new permanent Bahá'í institutes, at Kilifi and Mugweko, were completed, and the institutes began functioning. A large Bahá'í Centre was built in Nakuru and steps were taken towards completion of another at Tongeren. [BW16p145] Bahá'í Institutes; Kenya; Kilifi, Kenya; Mugweko, Kenya; Nakuru, Kenya; Tongeren, Belgium
    1974 (In the year)
    197-
    The Canadian Association for Studies on the Bahá'í Faith was created. [BW16:200]
  • For its history; terms of reference and programmes and publications see BW17:197–201.
  • Association for Bahá'í Studies (North America); Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Canada
    1970 23 Jun
    197-
    The centenary of the death of Mírzá Mihdí was commemorated with a day of prayer by Bahá'ís around the world and in the Holy Land with a pilgrimage to the barracks in 'Akká, Bahjí and to his monument. [BW15:162–3] Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Centenaries; Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Monument Gardens (Haifa)
    1977 11 Jun
    197-
    The centenary of the termination of Bahá'u'lláh's confinement in 'Akká was commemorated at the World Centre. [BW17:64] - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Centenaries; Haifa, Israel
    1975 25 May
    197-
    The compilation, Use of Radio and Television in Teaching (Extracts from letters written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi), was sent in a message addressed to all National Spiritual Assemblies by the Universal House of Justice. [25 May 1975] - Bahá'í World Centre; - Compilations; Bahá'í Radio; Media (communication); Teaching
    1974 28 Aug - 2 Sep
    197-
    The conference held in St Louis, Missouri, to launch the Five Year Plan in the United States attracted some 10,000 Bahá'ís, the largest gathering of Bahá'ís to take place anywhere in the world to date. [BW16:203; VV40]
  • See "From Badasht to Stain Louis; An Evaluation of the First Bahá'í Conference and the Largest" by Zikrullah Khadem, ZK266-278.
  • Badasht, Iran; Conferences, Bahá'í; Iran; St. Louis, MO; United States (USA); Zikrullah Khadem
    1979 Dec
    197-
    The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, from which all civil rights stem and which did not give recognition to the Bahá'í Faith, was adopted by referendum. [BI11]
  • See Mess63-68p462.
  • See Constitutional Coherence and the Legal Status of the Bahá'í Community of Iran by Salim A. Nakhjavani.
  • * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Human rights; Constitutions (general); Human rights; Iran; Iranian constitution; Iranian revolution (1979)
    1972 26 Nov
    197-
    The constitution of the Universal House of Justice was adopted. [BW15:169; BBRSM132, 138; VV14; Message 26 November 1972]
  • For full text of the constitution see BW15:555–64, The Constitution of the Universal House of Justice.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Constitutions (Bahá'í); Universal House of Justice; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline; Universal House of Justice, Constitution of
    1974 7 Feb
    197-
    The construction of the Seat of the Universal House of Justice was initiated with the acceptance of the design conceived by architect Husayn Amánat. [BW17:73] - Bahá'í World Centre; Architecture; Hossein Amanat (Husayn Amanat); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa)
    1971 1 – 3 Jan
    197-
    The Continental Conference of Africa was held in Monrovia, Liberia. [BW15:318; VV5]
  • For pictures see BW15:304–5.
  • - Conferences; - Conferences, Continental; Liberia; Monrovia, Liberia
    1970 14 – 16 Aug
    197-
    The Continental Conference was held in La Paz, Bolivia. [BW15:317; VV5]
  • For pictures see BW15:301–2.
  • - Conferences; - Conferences, Continental; Bolivia; La Paz, Bolivia
    1972 Ridván
    197-
    The counties of Rwanda and Burundi were known as Ruanda-Urundi up until 1962 when the area was divided into two separate countries. From 1956 until 1964 they were administered by the Regional Spiritual Assembly of Central and East Africa and from 1964 to 1969 came under the Uganda and Central Africa regional assembly. The National Spiritual Assembly of Rwanda and Burundi was formed in 1969 and in 1972 the National Spiritual Assembly of Burundi with its seat in Bujumbura and the National Spiritual Assembly of Rwanda with its seat in Kilgali. [BW15:205]
  • Because of disturbances in the country; the Bahá'i administration in Burundi was dissolved in the same year and the affairs of the Faith placed under an administrative committee. It re-formed in 1978. [BW15:205; BW17:141]
  • Bujumbura, Burundi; Burundi; Kigali, Rwanda; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Rwanda first NSA Burundi
    1974 4 Feb
    197-
    The death of Charles Mason Remey, Hand of the Cause of God (1951-60) and subsequently a Covenant-breaker. in Florence, Italy. (b.15 May 1874) [Wikipedia]
  • Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the first contingent on the 24th of December, 1951. [MoCxxiii]
  • He was declared a Covenant-breaker by the Hands of the Cause on the 26th of July, 1960.
  • - Births and deaths; Charles Mason Remey; Covenant-breaking; Florence, Italy; Italy
    1979 1 Apr
    197-
    The declaration of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran after a referendum with a 98.2% supporting vote.
  • And part of that constitution...

        Iran's Army and Revolutionary Guards "will be responsible not only for guarding and preserving the frontiers of the country, but also for fulfilling the ideological mission of (Shiite) jihad in God's way; that is, extending the sovereignty of God's (Shiite) law throughout the world ... in the hope that this century will witness the establishment of a universal holy government and the downfall of all others."
  • The IRGC is also the backbone of the clerical establishment in Iran. The senior cadres of the IRGC and the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei enjoy the final say in Iran's domestic and foreign policy and support for proxies. The IRGC, in addition, is engaged in the domestic repression of dissidents; the suppression of freedom of speech, press and assembly, and imprisoning political opponents. The Washington office of an Iranian opposition group, the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), has released a 175-page book, "The Rise of the Revolutionary Guards Corps Financial Empire," demonstrating that the IRGC controls more than half Iran's GDP and owns several major economic powerhouses and religious endowments, such as Astan-e Qods Razavi, in the northeastern city of Mashad. The NCRI also published another detailed book on 15 Iranian terrorist training centers, where the IRGC provides ideological, military and tactical training to foreign recruits, who are later dispatched to conduct terrorist activities in the Middle East and beyond. [Gatestone Institue 18 December 2021]
  • The formalization of the concept of Governance of the Jurisconsult (also known as "Wilayat al-Faqih" in Arabic) in the Iranian constitution solidified Khomeini's ideas and provided the framework for the political structure and governance in Iran, with Khomeini himself becoming the first Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic. The main aspects of this doctrine in Twelver Shia Islam were: 1. Supreme Authority of the Jurisconsult (Faqih), 2. Guardianship and Leadership in the place of the 12th Imam until his return, 3. The establishment of an Islamic State where the Jurisconsult (Faqih) would hold ultimate authority, 4. The Faqih would be legitimized through popular vote, 5. The Faqih would have the authority to interpret and enforce Islamic law in all aspect of society, 6. Social justice, equity and the welfare of the people would be implemented, 7. Resistance against oppression both from within and outside the country would be a duty, 8. Islamic jurisprudence would evolve and adapt to the changing times. [Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran]
  • Constitutions (general); Iran; Iran, General history; Iranian constitution; Iranian revolution (1979)
    1974 13 July
    197-
    The dedication of the Bosch Bahá'í School north of Santa Cruz, California. (Bosch Bahá'í School website, Bahá'´News page 716] - Bahá'í schools (conference centres); Bonny Doon, CA; Bosch Bahá'í School; California, USA; Santa Cruz, CA; United States (USA)
    1972 (Fall)
    197-
    The duo "Seals and Crofts" were on tour in Boston. Their fourth album, "Summer Breeze", had been released a couple of months previously but the album and the title song they had worked so hard to perfect were not catching on in the music charts and their label had stopped promoting it. Their manager, Marcia Day, through a personal connection with a DJ on one of the city's most popular radio stations, arranged for them play the song. He was impressed and put the song into rotation. This proved to be the career break they were looking for. They went on to release more than a dozen albums. Their hit singles from this period also included "Diamond Girl," "We May Never Pass This Way (Again)," and "Get Closer". A number of their songs began to include references to and passages from the Bahá'í scriptures. When they appeared in concert, they often remained on stage after the performance to talk about the Faith.

    They became embroiled in controversy in 1974 due to the title track of their Unborn Child album, an anti-abortion song written from the fetus' point of view. The album was a critical failure, while the single flopped and outraged abortion advocates, who held demonstrations at many of the duo's shows. [Article in the TexasMonthly, February, 2020 entitled The Secret Oil Patch Roots of 'Summer Breeze'; Biography by Steve Huey]

    - Famous Bahá'ís; Boston, MA; Seals and Crofts
    1970 27 May
    197-
    The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations approved the recommendation by the Committee on Non-Governmental Organisations of February 12th 1970, that the Bahá'í International Community be granted consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Bahá'í International Community; New York, USA; New York, USA; United Nations; United Nations Economic and Social Council
    1971 31 Jul - 11 Aug
    197-
    The European Youth Conference took place in Fiesch, Switzerland, attended by 1,200 youth from 50 countries. [BW15:336–8]
  • About 200 people enrolled in the Bahá'í Faith during the conference. [BW15:336]
  • For pictures see BW15:337.
  • - Europe; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Fiesch, Switzerland; Switzerland; Youth
    1971 26 – 28 Nov
    197-
    The fiftieth anniversary of the passing of 'Abdu'l-Bahá was commemorated. [BW15:125–8; VV14]
  • For text of the letters of the Universal House of Justice see BW15:125–6 and MUHJ76–7.
  • - Bahá'í World Centre; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Ascension of; Haifa, Israel
    1974 Jun
    197-
    The first Alacalufe Indians to become Bahá'ís enrolled in Puerto Eden, Chile. [BW16:215] - First believers by background; Chile; Villa Puerto Edén, Chile first Alacalufe Indian Bahá'ís in Chile
    1975 (In the year)
    197-
    The first all-Quechua Bahá'í Conference was held in Cusco, Peru, attended by Bahá'ís from Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. [BW16p445]
  • This conference was attended by Rúhíyyih Khánum and some of her companions on the Green Light Expedition. [BW16p439]
  • The supreme deity of the Incas, Ilya-Tiqsi Viracocha Pachayachachiq ("Ancient Foundation, Lord, Teacher"), was incarnated and dwelled among men as the Inca prophet of God. Viracocha promised to return one day and that hope has been realized. [Indigenous Messengers of God by Christopher Buck and Kevin Locke p13; Native Messengers of God in Canada?: A Test Case for Bahá'í Universalism by Christopher Buck]
  • - Conferences, International; - First conferences; - Indigenous people; - Native American messengers; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Conferences, Bahá'í; Cusco, Peru; Green Light Expedition; Native Americans; Peru; Quechua; Viracocha first international Quechua conference in Cusco, Peru
    1971 (In the year)
    197-
    The first Amerindian to become a Bahá'í in French Guiana enrolled. French Guiana first Amerindian Bahá’í in French Guiana
    1977 16 – 17 Apr
    197-
    The first annual Bahá'í Studies Seminar supported by the Departments of Religious Studies and of Sociology at the University of Lancaster, England, took place. [BW18:204] Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Bahá'í studies; Conferences, Other; Firsts, other; Lancaster, England; United Kingdom first annual Bahá’í Studies Seminar England
    1975 2 – 4 Jan
    197-
    The first annual meeting of the Association for Bahá'í Studies is held at Cedar Glen, Bolton, Ontario. [BW17:198]
  • See also BBD201–2; VV23–5.
  • Association for Bahá'í Studies (North America); Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Bolton, ON; Canada; Conferences, Bahá'í studies; Ontario, Canada first annual meeting of the Association for Bahá’í Studies
    1971 4 Aug
    197-
    The first Bahá'í College Club of Latin America was formed at the University of the Americas, Puebla, Mexico. [BW15:215] Mexico; Puebla, Mexico; Universities first Bahá’í College Club of Latin America
    1977 12 Oct
    197-
    The first Bahá'í educational and cultural radio station, HCRN-1 Radio Bahá'í del Ecuador, made its inaugural broadcast at 1420kHz, 20 watts, in Spanish and Quechua from studios in Otavalo. [BBD193; BW17:169, 215–17; BW19:120; VV77; Mess63-86p373]
  • Radio Bahá'í was first housed in the Amatu'l-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum Institute in Otavalo. [BW18p226]
  • For pictures see BW17:216, 218 and VV77.
  • Full time programming (six hours a day) was initiated on the 12th of December, 1977. The 1 kiloWatt transmitter was located at Cahas, 20km south of Otavalo. [Radio Bahá'í Ecuador p23, 52]
  • On December 12th, 1979, programming was initiated in the short wave band on 2340 kHz in the 120-metre band. The 1 kilowatt transmitter was located about 30 km north of Otavalo at an altitude of 10,000 feet. In 1982 the transmission frequency was switched to 4990 kHz on the 60-meter band. [Radio Bahá'Í Ecuador p205 note 23]
  • For further details on this radio station see Radio Bahá'í Ecuador by Kurt Hein.
  • See as well the compilation entitled Use of Radio and Television in Teaching attached to the message from the Universal House of Justice dated 25 May 1975.
  • Pictures
  • Bahá'í-owned radio; Bahá'í Radio; Cahas, Ecuador; Ecuador; Education; Firsts, other; Otavalo, Ecuador first Bahá’í educational and cultural radio station in Ecuador makes inaugural broadcast
    1972 (In the year)
    197-
    The first Bahá'í studies seminar was held in London. For an account of the development of these seminars see BW18:204 and BW19:368. Bahá'í studies; Conferences, Other; Firsts, other; London, England; United Kingdom first Bahá’í studies seminar in London

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