Chronology: Date 1893-0

date	event	tags	firsts
1893 23 Sep	First public reference in North America to the Bahá'í Faith. [SBBH1p76] Reference was made to it in a paper entitled The Religious Mission of the English Speaking Nations by Rev. Henry H. Jessup, a retired missionary from north Syria, read by Rev George A. Ford at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago. [AB63–4; BBD2412; BBR57; BFA1:323; BW2:230; GPB256; SBBH1:76, 88, 202] See AB63–4, BW2:169 for text. Historians have observed that, before this Parliament, "religion" was classified by many Americans into ethnic religion and universal religion. They considered there being only one universal religion: Christianity. In this view, all previous faiths were ethnic religions, and their purpose was to prepare the people for Christianity. Ethnic religions may have had portions of the truth, but only Christianity had all truth. This 1893 Parliament was a pivotal moment in the abolition of such classification, as representatives of "eastern" religions such as Swami Vivekananda and Anagarika Dharmapala promoted a new religious tolerance. [Paraphrased quote from Robert Stockman] World Parliament of Religions 1893, a talk by Mr. Rothwell "Bud" Polk. See Chicago 1893.	World Parliament of Religions; - Interfaith dialogue; First mentions; Mentions; Henry Jessup; Christian missionaries; Bahá'í Faith, Early Western Accounts of; Parliament of the Worlds Religions; Chicago, IL; USA	First public reference in North America to Bahá'í Faith
1893 17 Jun	Áqá Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Muhammadábádí was killed by three men on the orders of two of the `ulamá of Yazd. [BW18:384; GPB296] He was the first to suffer martyrdom in the ministry of `Abdu'l-Bahá. See GPB296 for details of his martyrdom.	Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Firsts, other; Yazd, Iran; Iran	First to suffer martyrdom in ministry of `Abdu'l-Bahá
1893 28 May	Mírzá Áqá Ján, Bahá'u'lláh's amanuensis for almost 40 years, threw in his lot with Mírzá Muhammad`Alí and became a Covenant-breaker. [CB181, RoB1p315-319] For the story of his downfall see CB181-182.	Mírzá Aqa Jan; Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Covenant-breakers; Bahji, Israel
1893 c.	`Abdu'l-Bahá wrote Risáliy-i-Siyásiyyih (variously translated as "Treatise on Politics", "A Treatise on Statesmanship" and "Treatise on Leadership"). [ABMM] He wrote it in response to the crisis in Persia known as the Tobacco Revolt which was an insurrection against the Shah for having granted the tobacco monopoly to British interests at the expense of Persian farmers and businessmen. The Treatise was the first policy statement of `Abdu'l-Bahá upon taking the reins of the leadership of the Bahá'í community. It shows His alarm at the increasing involvement of religious leaders and communities in this populist movement against the civil Iranian state and cites the way past such religious populist movements have led to foreign intervention or increased absolutism (e.g. the `Urabi Revolt in Egypt and the 1876 Constitutional Revolution in Istanbul). `Abdu'l-Bahá argues forcefully for a separation of religion and state as a basis for Bahá'í non-involvement in such anti-state violence. See Treatise on Leadership by 'Abdu'l-Bahá as translated by Juan Cole. It was published in Bombay in Farsi in 1893. No English translation has been published to date, apart from the provisional translation referred to above. [CEBF273] Hand of the Cause Ibn-i-Asdaq was the messenger that delivered 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Tablet to the Shah and other notables in Iran. [EB176]	Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih (Treatise on Leadership); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Life of (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Politics; Tobacco Revolt; * Publications; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Church and state; Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Iran
Try also a shorter date like or 1893 or 189 try also the Chronology Canada — 1893-0 or 1893 or 189

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