Chronology: Date 1922-0

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

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Date 1922-0, descending — sort earliest first

date	event	tags	firsts
1922 9 Jul 192-	Bahá'ís gathered in the Foundation Hall of the Chicago House of Worship for the first time, to commemorate the martyrdom of the Báb. [CT158-9; SW13, 6:132] Regular meetings were not held here until 1927. [CT158-9]	Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; * Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Wilmette, IL; United States (USA)
1922 6 Jun 192-	The All-England Bahá'í Council met for the first time. [SBR28; UD9, 468] EJR2 13 says it first met 17 June. The meeting was held in the home of Mrs Thornburgh-Cropper. [SBR28, 67]	All-England Bahá'í Council; Firsts, other; Mary Virginia Thornburgh-Cropper; United Kingdom	first meeting of the future NSA of British Isles
1922 (Late May) 192-	The communities of London, Manchester and Bournemouth elected a Bahá'í Spiritual Assembly for England. [EJR213; SBR28, 67] This was also known as the Spiritual Assembly for London and the All-England Bahá'í Council. [EJR2 13; SBR67] See EJR213 and SBR28 for membership. The social centre of the London group was Ethel Rosenburg with Mrs Thornburgh-Cropper and later Lady Blomfield also playing significant roles. The group in Manchester came from the working- or lower middle-class background with Edward Hall and other men in leadership positions. The group in Bournemouth developed around Dr. Esslemont. In addition to these centres there were a few scattered isolated believers. [SBBH5p220]	Spiritual Assemblies; All-England Bahá'í Council; London, England; Manchester, England; Bournemouth, England; United Kingdom; Edward T. Hall; Mary Virginia Thornburgh-Cropper; Lady Sarah Louisa Blomfield; Ethel Rosenberg; John Esslemont
1922 25 Apr 192-	A National Spiritual Assembly was elected in the United States to replace the Executive Board of the Bahá'í Temple Unity. [SBR94] The difference between this body and its forerunner was little more than a change in name. [DP122] The conversion of the Bahá'í Temple Unity into the National Spiritual Assembly took four years; it was not until 1925 that Shoghi Effendi recognized the American national body as a National Spiritual Assembly. [CT161; DP121-2; GPB333] The election procedures followed that were used this period were not the current Bahá'í procedure: there was electioneering and candidates were nominated with a straw poll taken to trim the number of eligible candidates. [CT160; DP122]	National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Spiritual Assemblies; Executive Board of the Bahá'í Temple Unity; Bahá'í Temple Unity; Elections; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Chicago, IL; United States (USA)
1922 21 Apr 192-	The Shrines of Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb were electrically illuminated for the first time. [PP69] For the story of this project see He Loved He Served.	Electrification of the Shrines; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Light; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Bahji, Israel; Mount Carmel
1922 9 Apr 192-	Work commenced on the Western Pilgrim House. [PP69]	Pilgrim House, Western (Haifa); Pilgrim Houses; Haifa, Israel
1922 8 Apr 192-	Bahíyyih Khánum wrote a general letter to the friends acknowledging the letters of allegiance received and saying that Shoghi Effendi was counting on the friends for their cooperation in spreading the Message adding that the Bahá'í world must, from now on, be linked through the Spiritual Assemblies and local questions must be referred to them, She announced Shoghi Effendi's temporary absence and his appointment of her as his representative. [GBF19]	Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Local Spiritual Assemblies; - Bahá'í World Centre
1922 5 Apr 192-	Shoghi Effendi left the affairs of the Faith in the hands of the Greatest Holy Leaf and departed the Holy Land for Europe, accompanied by his eldest cousin. On his way to the Bernese Oberland he went to Germany for medical consultations where they found that he had almost no reflexes [PP57; GBF19-20] See BA25 for his reasons for his departure.	* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Shoghi Effendi, Travels of; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Haifa, Israel; - Europe
1922 Apr 192-	To the United States and Canada Shoghi Effendi sent a message to transform the 'Executive Board' into a legislative institution. [CB293; CT160; ER211-12; PP56] It had been functioning since 1909 concerned mostly with the construction of the Bahá'í House of Worship. This year the elected members of the Executive Board Bahá'í Temple Unity were: Mountfort Mills. Annie L. Parmerton. Bernard M. Jacobsen. Arthur S. Agnew. Corinne True. William H. Hoar. Joseph H. Hannen. Roy C. Wilhelm. He addressed his first letter to this body as the "National Spiritual Assembly of the United States" on December 23rd however in God Passes By pg333 he stated that the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States was not formed until 1925. [SETPE1p107, CT160, CoB293]	Executive Board of the Bahá'í Temple Unity; Bahá'í Temple Unity; National Spiritual Assemblies; Spiritual Assemblies; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Chicago, IL; United States (USA)
1922 Apr c. 192-	Shoghi Effendi, in a letter to Bahíyyih Khánum, advised her that he would be taking a leave of absence from his duties as the Guardian. He appointed her to administer all Bahá'í affairs in his absence in consultation with the family of 'Abdu'l-Bahá and the Assembly he had recently appointed. [GBF19; PP57, 276] Those appointed to the Haifa Bahá'í Spiritual Assembly were organized by Bahíyyih Khánum. [SETPE1p50; PP57] Mirza 'Azizu'lláh S. Bahadur was appointed to deal with Shoghi Effendi's correspondence during his absence and again during his second absence in the summer of 1923. [SYH119]	* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Haifa Spiritual Assembly (1922-1938); - Bahá'í World Centre
1922 Apr 192-	Shoghi Effendi sent verbal messages through Consul Schwarz to Germany and Ethel Rosenberg to Britain to form local spiritual assemblies and to arrange for the election of a national spiritual assembly in each country. [CB293; EJR209, 211-12; PP56]	* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Albert Schwarz, Consul; Ethel Rosenberg; National Spiritual Assemblies; Local Spiritual Assemblies; Spiritual Assemblies; Germany; United Kingdom
1922 5 Mar 192-	Shoghi Effendi wrote to the American Bahá'ís calling for the establishment of local assemblies wherever nine or more believers reside and directing that all activities be placed under the authority of the local and national assemblies. [BA17-25; BBRSM120-1; CB300]	* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Local Spiritual Assemblies; National Spiritual Assemblies; Administration; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; - Bahá'í World Centre
1922 4 Mar 192-	Shoghi Effendi cabled for a list of all believers in the United States and Canada over 21 years of age. [Highlights of the First 40 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in New York, City of the Covenant, 1892-1932 by Hussein Ahdieh p22]	Statistics; - Bahá'í World Centre
1922 27 Feb 192-	Shoghi Effendi wrote to Professor Auguste Forel, advising him of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's passing and enclosing an English translation of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's letter to Dr Forel written on the 21st of September, 1921. [The Life and Times of August Forel by Sheila Banani. [BW15p 37–43.]	Auguste Forel
1922 25 Feb 192-	The Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá was written entirely in 'Abdu'l-Bahá's own hand and it was Shoghi Effendi's first translation for the believers in the West. It was sent to New York and addressed to "The beloved of God and the handmaids of the Merciful throughout the United states of America and Canada". The "Will" delineated the Bahá'í World Order, already founded in the Kitab-i-Aqdas, and of which 'Abdul'-Bahá was the architect. [AY304]iiiii	Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * Translation; Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Firsts, other; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; Haifa, Israel; New York, USA; United States (USA)	first translation for the believers in the West.
1922 22 Feb 192-	King Feisal of Iraq ordered the Bahá'ís to be turned out of the Most Great House in Baghdád to keep the peace. [BW354; GPB343; PP54] King Feisal, who had been crowned King of Syria in March 1920, was known to Àbdu'l-Bahá. In about July or August 1920 he had escaped Damascus in a cattle car bound for Haifa carrying a white donkey for Àbdu'l-Bahá. During his brief stay in Haifa the two became acquainted. [from Sunburst by Lorol Schopflocher p83-84 quoting from T E Lawrence's Revolt in the Desert]	King Faisal; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq
1922 22 Feb 192-	Subsequent to the decision of the Court of Appeal the government of Iraq took over the keys for the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád. [SETPE1p26]	House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq
1922 19 Feb 192-	Helen Goodall, Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá, passed away in San Francisco. [SEBW33] See SEBW21-33 for details of her life.	Helen Goodall; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; - In Memoriam; San Francisco, CA; United States (USA)
1922 Feb-Mar 192-	Shoghi Effendi called together a group of well-known Bahá'ís to discuss the future development of the Faith and the possible election of the Universal House of Justice. It was the commonly held opinion of the members of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's family, the British officials in Palestine, many believers and indeed Shoghi Effendi himself as evidenced by his letter to Persia dated 16 January, 1922, that the Universal House of Justice would be elected. [BBRSM:120, 126; EJR207; PP247-8] Those invited to attend were: Major Tudor Pole, Ethel Rosenberg and Lady Blomfield from England; Emogene Hoagg (she had been living in Haifa for some time at this point), Laura and Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney from France, Consul and Alice Schwarz from Germany, Siyyid Mustafá Rúmí of Burma, Roy Wilhelm, Mountfort Mills, Mason Remey, from North America as well as Corinne True and her daughter Katherine. Two well-known Bahá'í teachers from Persia, Avarih and Fazel had been invited to attend but due to complications their arrival was long delayed. [EJR207-8; PP55] In a letter dated the 5th of March, 1922 Shoghi Effendi urged the Bahá'ís to subordinate firmly and definitely all personal likings and local interests to the interests and requirements of the Cause. He called for the establishment of local spiritual assemblies in every locality where the number of adult believers exceeded nine. He also described the tasks and functions of the assemblies saying that they would evolve into the local and national Houses of Justice. [PP248; SBR66] See UD3-9; BA17-25 for the letter.	* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Universal House of Justice; Universal House of Justice, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre
1922 18 Feb 192-	Laura and Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney arrived in Haifa from their travel teaching trip in Burma and Bombay. [EJR208] Between the years of 1920 to 1922 they stayed in many cities in China including Chengdu.	Travel Teaching; Laura Clifford Barney; Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney; Haifa, Israel; Myanmar; Mumbai, India; India
1922 30 Jan 192-	Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí and Badí`u'lláh seized the keys to the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh. [BBR456-7; CB288-9, 333; ER205; GBF18; PP53] The governor of `Akká ordered that the keys be handed over to the authorities and posted a guard at the Shrine. [BBR457; PP53-4] For Western accounts of the episode see BBR456-7.	Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Mírzá Badiullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Bahji, Israel
1922 24 Jan 192-	Dr Sarah A. Clock passed away in Tihrán. She had gone there in 1911 to assist Dr Moody at the Tarbíyat School. [BFA2:361; SW12, 19:309]	Sarah Clock; Susan Moody; Tarbiyat School, Tihran; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; Tehran, Iran; Iran
1922 21 Jan 192-	Shoghi Effendi wrote to the two major communities of the Faith, Persia and America, urging the believers to arise in service for the triumph of the Cause. [BA15-17; CB298-300; CT154] See SoW Vol 13 No 1 21 March 1922 p17-18 for the letter to the Bahá'ís of America..	* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); - Bahá'í World Centre
1922 16 Jan 192-	The Greatest Holy Leaf cabled the United States with the news that Shoghi Effendi had been appointed Guardian. [PP48]	Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Guardianship; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre; United States (USA)
1922 9 Jan 192-	William H. Hoar, Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá, passed away in Fanwood, New Jersey. [SW12, 19:310] For his obituary see SW12, 19:310-12.	William Hoar; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; Fanwood, NJ; New Jersey, USA; United States (USA)
1922 7 Jan 192-	The Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá was read publicly at his house to an assembled gathering of Bahá'ís from many countries. [EJR199-200] Shoghi Effendi was again absent. [EJR200] The Greatest Holy Leaf sent two cables to Persia, informing the Bahá'ís that Shoghi Effendi had been appointed Guardian and instructing them to hold memorial services for `Abdu'l-Bahá. [PP47]	`Abdu'l-Bahá, Ascension of; Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; Guardianship; `Abdu'l-Bahá, House of (Haifa); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Haifa, Israel
1922 6 Jan 192-	A memorial feast for 600 people of Haifa, `Akká and the surrounding area was held 40 days after the passing of `Abdu'l-Bahá. [BW15:122; ER195] More than a hundred poor were also fed. [BW15:122; ERT95-6] For details of the memorial service see ER195-9 and SW13, 2:404.	`Abdu'l-Bahá, Ascension of; Haifa, Israel; Akka, Israel
1922 3 Jan 192-	The Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá was read aloud for the first time, to a group of nine men, mainly senior members of `Abdu'l-Bahá's family. [BBRSM115; CB286; ER194; GBF14; PP45] Shoghi Effendi was not present at the reading. [CB286; ER194] Shoghi Effendi was appointed Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith. [WT11] Shoghi Effendi had no fore-knowledge of the institution of the Guardianship nor that he would be appointed Guardian. [CB285; PP423] The fact that Shoghi Effendi was to become 'Abdu'l-Bahá's successor was a well-guarded secret. The person who was privy to this appointment was the Greatest Holy Leaf. Another was a non-Bahá'í woman, Dr J. Fallscheer, a German physician who lived in Haifa and attended the ladies of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's household. When Shoghi Effendi was a child, 'Abdu'l-Bahá clearly stated to her that Shoghi Effendi would be His successor. But this information was not communicated to anybody else. [CoC30; PP1-2] For a list of topics covered by the Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá see GPB328.	`Abdu'l-Bahá, Ascension of; Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Guardianship; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; Covenant; Bahji, Israel
1922 (In the year) 192-	Oswald Whitaker, a Sydney optometrist, and Euphemia Eleanor `Effie' Baker, a photographer, become Bahá'ís, the first Australians to accept the Faith. [BW14:320; SBR160-1, BW2p129] In the 1930s Effie Baker travelled to Persia to take photographs of historical sites. [BW14:320] See SETPE1p105-107 for her contribution while serving in Haifa. For Effie Baker's obituary see BW14:320-1.	Oswald Whitaker; Effie Baker; Photography; - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Australia; Iran	the first Australians to accept the Faith
1922 (In the year) 192-	The publication of The Promulgation of Universal Peace: Talks Delivered by 'Abdu'l‑Bahá during His Visit to the United States and Canada in 1912. Compiled by Howard MacNutt. Volume 2 was published in 1922 followed by Volume 2 in 1925. Volume 1 was published by the Bahá'í Publishing Committee in Chicago and Volume 2 by the same committee operating out of New York. [Collins3.98] From the preface to the 1922 edition..."This treasury of His words is a compilation of informal talks and extemporary discourses delivered in Persian and Arabic, interpreted by proficient linguists who accompanied Him, and taken stenographically in both Oriental and Occidental tongue." From the same preface is a letter from 'Abdu'l-Bahá to Howard MacNutt dated 13 April, 1919 approving his idea to publish the compilation of His talks in America and urging him to be most careful to reproduce the exact text as well as promising an "effulgent face" in the Abhá Kingdom as well as the praise and gratitude of the friends. And again from the same source is a letter from 'Abdu'l-Bahá to Albert Windust written on the 20th of July, 1919 asking him to name the book The Promulgation of Universal Peace and to direct that the Introduction must be written by Howard MacNutt. Prior to His coming to America the friends were unclear about His station and their differences in understanding was a major source of disunity. On one extreme were those who believed that 'Abdu'l-Baha was a man who, through the application and complete obedience to the Faith, had earned a high station, like Christ's disciple Peter, implying that others could do the same. In the other camp were those who insisted that He was the return of Christ. Little wonder that they were confused because never in religious history had there been someone like 'Abdu'l-Bahá, one Who held the station of "The Mystery of God". Howard's failure to understand 'Abdu'l-Bahá's station and disobedience to Him and taken him precariously close to the company of Covenant-breakers but through 'Abdu'l-Bahá's unfailing love and guidance he was able to come to a true understanding. The Introduction to the 1922 edition was his testament to the station of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [DJT369-372] The Promulgation of Universal Peace, although not "scripture", could be compared to Some Answered Questions in that it is a carefully transcribed record of His talks. Unlike that publication where He answered questions, in The Promulgation of Universal Peace it was 'Abdu'l-Bahá who chose the subject. Upon arrival in New York He said, "It is my purpose to set forth in America the fundamental principles of the revelation and teachings of Bahá'u'lláh." [PUPxii]	Promulgation of Universal Peace (book); Howard MacNutt; * Publications; Chicago, IL; New York, USA; United States (USA)


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