Chronology: Date 1991

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

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Date 1991, sorted by firsts, descending

date	event	tags	firsts
1991 2 Oct 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Belarus was formed at Minsk.	Belarus; Local Spiritual Assembly; Minsk, Belarus	The first local spiritual assembly in Belarus is formed at Minsk.
1991 20 Jan 199-	The first World Religion Day to be held in Bophuthatswana took place in Mmabatho. [BINS 244:1]	Bophuthatswana, South Africa; Mmabatho, South Africa; South Africa; World Religion Day	first World Religion Day
1991 Dec 27 – 31 199-	The first winter school of Hungary was held in Miskolc. [BINS266:2]	First summer and winter schools; Hungary; Miskolc, Hungary	first winter school of Hungary
1991 Ridván 199-	The Bahá'ís of East and West Germany were united at their 61st convention for the first time after the war. [VV113]	Conventions, National; Germany	first united convention in Germany after war
1991 15 – 21 Jul 199-	The first summer school of Sikkim was held in Saramsa. [BINS257:6]	First summer and winter schools; India; Saramsa, Sikkim; Sikkim, India; Summer schools	first summer school of Sikkim
1991 Ridván 199-	Romania has had a Bahá'í community since 1926, including Marie of Edinburgh, Queen of Romania at that time. After the fall of communism in Romania, which generally had outlawed religion, the Romanian Bahá'í community organized to form its first National Spiritual Assembly. The National Spiritual Assembly of Romania was formed with its seat in Bucharest. About 200 believers were present at the inaugural National Convention. [AWH86; BINS246:1; VV113] Photo of the first National Spiritual Assembly. From the Ridván Message... ...the Government has recognized the Bahá'í community as a religious association with the right to spread the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh In 2005 the Romanian Bahá'í community numbered some 7000, but in January 2007 a law was passed that had restrictive requirements for religious communities to be recognized, which Bahá'ís and other religions could not meet. Some of the restrictions include waiting twelve years from petitioning for recognition and to have over 22,000 members. [ROMANIA: Too much power for the state and recognised communities?]	Bucharest, Romania; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Persecution, Romania; Romania	first National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Romania
1991 Dec 199-	The first Music Festival for Youth of Zaire was held. [BINS288:8]	* Arts and crafts; - Music; Congo, Democratic Republic of; Music festivals	first Music Festival for Youth of Zaire
1991 Jan 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Slovakia was formed in Bratislava.	Bratislava, Slovakia; Local Spiritual Assembly; Slovakia	first local spiritual assembly in Slovakia
1991 25 Jan 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Latvia was formed in Riga. [BINS241:3]	Latvia; Local Spiritual Assembly; Riga, Latvia	first local spiritual assembly in Latvia
1991 2 Jan 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Bulgaria was formed in Plovdiv. [BINS239:2]	Bulgaria; Local Spiritual Assembly; Plovdiv, Bulgaria	first local spiritual assembly in Bulgaria
1991 Jan 199-	Dr. Victor de Araujo, Bahá'í representative to the United Nations for 23 years and the first full-time representative, retired from his duties. He had represented the BIC at innumerable conferences and seminars throughout the world as well as at the UN headquarters in New York, often serving as chairman on the UN committees. [VV54] Mr. Techeste Ahderom of Eritrea succeeded him. [VV54]	Bahá'í International Community; Firsts, other; New York, USA; Techeste Ahderom; United States (USA); United States (USA); Victor de Araujo	First full-time Bahá'í representative to UN
1991 26 Nov 199-	The Office of Ḥuqúqu'lláh had been established in the Holy Land under the direction of the Chief Trustee of Ḥuqúqu'lláh, the Hand of the Cause of God 'Alí-Muḥammad Varqá, in anticipation of the worldwide application of the Law of Ḥuqúqu'lláh the following Riḍván. Concurrent with this development were the steps being taken by Dr. Varqá to organize regional and national Boards of Trustees of Ḥuqúqu'lláh, following the example of the Board that had been already functioning in the United States. [Adapted from the Message of the Universal House of Justice dated 26 November, 1991.]	- Bahá'í World Centre; Firsts, other; Haifa, Israel; Huququllah, Basic timeline; Huququllah, Trustees of; Varqa; Varqá, `Alí-Muhammad	Establishment of the Office of Ḥuqúqu’lláh.
1991 15 – 22 Aug 199-	The first summer school of Tajikistan took place in Varzoub Gorge.	First summer and winter schools; Tajikistan; Varzoub Gorge, Tajikistan	first summer school of Tajikistan
1991 12 Nov 199-	The first Bahá'í meeting to be held in a public location in Mongolia took place in the theatre of the former Lenin Museum.	Mongolia	first Bahá'í meeting to be held in a public location in Mongolia
1991 Ridván 199-	Number of National Assemblies - 155 Number of Local Assemblies - more than 17,000 Number of nationalities and tribes represented is estimated at 2,112 [B'91pg54 note 2] Number of localities - over 108,000. [CoB375] Number of languages - over 800 [B'91pg3]	- Worldwide; Growth; Statistics
1991 Sep 199-	The ground was broken for the construction of the Centre for the Study of the Sacred Texts and for the Extension to the International Archives Building. [Ridván Message 1992]	- Bahá'í World Centre; Arc project; Centre for the Study of the Sacred Texts (Haifa); Foundation stones and groundbreaking; Haifa, Israel; International Bahá'í Archives
1991 5 Feb 199-	The highest legal authority in Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court, overturned the decisions of a number of lower courts that had refused to register the by-laws of a Local Spiritual Assembly on the grounds that the authority granted to the National Spiritual Assembly in the document violated the legal principle requiring the autonomy of all legally incorporated associations. The case was first brought before the District Court of Tübingen when the legal administrator refused to register the Local Assembly on the 8th of December, 1983. The decision was appealed on the 5th of May 1985 to the High State Court in Sturrgart and rejected on the 27th of January 1986. News of the decision caused other jurisdictions to demand that local assemblies amend their By-Laws or face cancellation of their existing incorporation. The National Spiritual Assembly was in danger of the same fate. An appeal was submitted in March of 1986. The ruling affirmed Bahá'í community, by its right as a recognized religion, recognized by public knowledge and by the testimony of scholars of comparative religion, had the right to a legal identity. [AWH87] See Ridván Message 1991. For complete details of the case see Mess86-01p206-235.	By-laws; Germany; Local Spiritual Assembly; National Spiritual Assembly; Recognition (legal); Tübingen, Germany
1991 25 Feb 199-	In Iran, a secret government memorandum (known as the Golpaygani Memorandum) was drawn up by Iran's Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council and signed by Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, which provided a blueprint of the policies and actions to which the Bahá'í community of Iran was to be subjugated. The memorandum demanded a shift in Iran's stance towards Bahá'ís from overt persecution to a more covert policy aimed at depleting the Iranian Bahá'í community's economic and cultural resources. This was a change in the policy for the Islamic regime which had openly persecuted and killed Bahá'ís during its first decade in power and had accused them of being spies for various foreign powers. The document also called for "countering and destroying their [Bahá'ís] cultural roots abroad." [Iran Press Watch 1407] Signed by Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, the memorandum established a subtle government policy aimed at essentially grinding the community into nonexistence by: forcing Bahá'í children to have a strong Islamic education, pushing Bahá'í adults into the economic periphery and forcing them from all positions of power or influence, and requiring that Bahá'í youth "be expelled from universities, either in the admission process or during the course of their studies, once it becomes known that they are Bahá'ís." [One Country; Iran Press Watch 1578] The memorandum can be found here, here and here. This document might have remained secret had it not been divulged to Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, the Salvadoran diplomat who served as the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran between 1986 and 1995. Professor Pohl disclosed the document in 1993 during a session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (now replaced by the Human Rights Council). [BWNS575]	* Persecution, Iran; - Ayatollahs; - Persecution; - Persecution, Education; - Persecution, Other; Ayatollah Khamenei; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); Bahá'í International Community; Golpaygani Memorandum; Human rights; Iran; United Nations; United States (USA)
1991 25 Jan 199-	Mottahedeh Development Services was established by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States as a non-profit agency to promote social and economic development to benefit individuals of any race, creed, or nationality. The agency name honours more than fifty years of dedicated service by Mildred and Rafi Mottahedeh, two pioneers in social and economic development. Mottahedeh Development Services was organized as a charitable organization under US law. [MDS]	Mildred Mottahedeh; Mottahedeh Development Services; National Spiritual Assembly of the United States; Rafi Mottahedeh; Social and economic development; United States (USA)
1991 Feb 199-	The Faith became officially recognized as a "religious association" in Romania. [CBNJun91pg12]	Recognition (legal); Romania
1991 17 Jun 199-	The contracts were signed for the second phase of construction for the terraces to the Shrine of the Báb.	Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel; Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb (Haifa)
1991 25 – 27 Oct 199-	The first National Teaching Conference of Bulgaria was held in Plovdiv. [BINS258:2–3]	- Conferences, National; Bulgaria; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Plovdiv, Bulgaria
1991 Aug 199-	Hand of the Cause Dr 'Alí-Muhammad Varqá convened a conference for the Deputies of the Huqúqu'lláh at Landegg Academy. [VV125] Photo.	- Conferences; Huqúqu'lláh; Landegg, Switzerland; Switzerland; Varqá, `Alí-Muhammad
1991 Ridván 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of the Leeward Islands that was formed in 1981 was renamed the National Spiritual Assembly of the East Leeward Islands following the splitting of this region. [East Leeward Islands by Patricia Paccassi]	Antigua; Leeward Islands; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1991 (In the year) 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of Liberia had to be dissolved because of the civil war in that country. [Ridván Message 1992]	Liberia; Monrovia, Liberia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1991 (In the Year) 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States established the Association of Persian Culture and Literature, with the goal of promoting Persian arts and culture. Later, this entity was named "Association of the Friends of Persian Culture." The main objectives of the Association were: Assisting individuals of Iranian descent to stay in touch with, and gain a deeper understanding of the cultural, artistic and literary heritage of Iran. Encouraging children, youth and young adults of Iranian descent living abroad to familiarize themselves with, and gain a deeper appreciation of Persian arts, literature and culture. Helping English speaking friends and family members to gain an appreciation of Persian culture. Promoting systematic and comprehensive study of Persian arts, culture and history. Creating dialogue in a loving, respectful and friendly atmosphere amongst Iranians with different religions, ethnicities and ideologies. [Association of the Friends of Persian Culture.]
1991 Mar 1991 199-	In March the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly was re-elected in Warsaw. By 1992 the National Spiritual Assembly was elected. [Wikipedia]	Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Poland; Warsaw, Poland
1991 (In the year) 199-	The Italian Bahá'í Community purchased the La Panoramica hotel in 1989 and by 1991 to was transformed it into an International Study Centre for training and study as well as cultural exchanges between people of various religions and many nationalities. [Website; Facebook; Instagram] List of Associations for Bahá'í Studies worldwide.	Acuto, Italy; Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Italy
1991 (In the year) 199-	The Bahá'ís of Bulgaria held their first National Conference in Plovdiv. Earlier that year they had elected local spiritual assemblies in Plovdiv, Sofia, Stara Zagora and Blagoevgrad. In November the Bahá'í Faith was officially registered as a religion at the Directorate of Religions. They held their first National Convention in 1992. [Nation Website]	Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Sofia, Bulgaria; Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
1991 May 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Moldova was formed in Kishinev.	Kishinev, Moldova; Local Spiritual Assembly; Moldova
1991 (In the year) 199-	The administration of the Bahá'í Faith in Zaire was devolved to a system of subordinate regional councils.	Congo, Democratic Republic of; Regional Bahá'í Councils
1991 26 - 27 Jan 199-	The first National Teaching Conference of Yugoslavia was held in Belgrade. [BINS243:3]	- Conferences, National; Belgrade, Serbia; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Teaching; Yugoslavia
1991 8 - 14 Feb 199-	The first Bahá'í Winter School of Romania was held in Felix, attended by 80 Bahá'ís. [BINS241:3]	Băile Felix, Romania; First summer and winter schools; Romania
1991 12 Apr 199-	The Local Spiritual Assembly of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, was re-formed.	Local Spiritual Assembly, re-formed; Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Uzbekistan
1991 Ridván 199-	The Universal House of Justice announced that the law of Huqúqu'lláh would become universally applicable at Ridván 1992. [AWH91–2, 174, Ridván 1991]	- Gradual implementation of laws; - Worldwide; Huqúqu'lláh
1991 Ridván 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of the Soviet Union was formed with its seat in Moscow. [AWH86; BINS246:1–3; VV113] This assembly was later renamed the Regional Spiritual Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Baltic States and Georgia. [BW95-96p48] It was dissolved in 1992 when the National Spiritual Assembly of Russia and the Regional Spiritual Assembly of Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova were formed to replace it. [National Spiritual Assemblies: Lists and years of formation by Graham Hassall]	Moscow, Russia; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1991 Ridván 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of Czechoslovakia was formed with its seat in Prague. [AWH86; BINS246:3–4; VV113]	Czech Republic; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Prague, Czech Republic
1991 Ridván 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of the West Leeward Islands was formed. [AWH86; BINS246:1; VV113] iiiii [bahaihistorycaribbean.info/html/st__martin__anguilla__saba__st.html]	Leeward Islands; National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1991 Dec 31 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of Niger was given permission by the Ministry of the Interior to engage in Bahá'í activities. [BINS261:6]	Niger; Recognition (legal)
1991 14 May 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Armenia was formed at Yerevan.	Armenia; Local Spiritual Assembly; Yerevan, Armenia
1991 16 Jun 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Albania was formed at Tirana.	Albania; Local Spiritual Assembly; Tirana, Albania
1991 18 Jun 199-	The passing of Hand of the Cause of God, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh, John Aldham Robarts at Rawdon, Quebec. He was born in Waterloo, Ontario 2nd of November, 1901. [VV124] Shoghi Effendi had appointed him among the third contingent on the 2nd of October, 1957. [MoCxxiii] See BW20p801-809. For his obituary see BINS250:10. For picture see VV124. For the story of how he came to learn of the Faith see SBR137. See LoF473-495. A 50-minute film entitledRetrospective, a Ciné Bahá'í production, was made as a tribute to the Hand of the Cause John A. Robarts on the occasion of his 40th anniversary as a member of the Bahá'r' community.	- Biography; - Births and deaths; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; John Robarts; Quebec, Canada; Rawdon, QC
1991 21 Jun 199-	The first local spiritual assembly in Kirgizia was formed in Bishkek.	Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Kirgizia, Kyrgyzstan; Local Spiritual Assembly
1991 15 – 21 Jul 199-	The first European Bahá'í Youth Conference of Romania was held in Neptune. [BINS253:9; VV74] For picture see VV74.	- Conferences, International; - Europe; Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Neptun, Romania; Romania
1991 (In the year) 199-	The first major public statement of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States, The Vision of Race Unity: America's Most challenging Issue, was published and disseminated widely throughout the country.	* Publications; - National Spiritual Assembly, statements; - Statements; Public discourse (discourses of society); Race; United States (USA); Unity; Vision of Race Unity (statement)
1991 Dec 20 199-	A Bahá'í Monument for Peace was inaugurated in a ceremony held in Florianopolis, Brazil. [BINS266:1]	Bahá'í Monument for Peace; Brazil; Florianopolis, Brazil


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