- 1919-04-00 — The Egyptian Revolution of 1919: From 1883 to 1914, the successive Khedives of Egypt and Sudan, under the Ottoman Sultan, remained the official ruler of Egypt and Sudan, but ultimate power was exercised by the British Consul-General. During the reign of Muhammad Ali (1805 - 1848), the man considered as the founder of modern Egypt, (and a dynasty of Khedives that lasted until the end of the first World War), the foundations were laid for the modernization of Egypt. Pan-Arabism and Pan-Islam were the leading ideologies of the period as well as the principle of self-determination and independence from foreign rule. A request was made for independence, Egyptian representation was made at the Paris Peace Conference that resulted in the leader of the nationalist forces being exiled to Malta. (It should be noted that during WW I Egypt was under martial law administered by the British.) [Wikipedia; Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p3]
- 1934-12-00 —
- 1937-05-00 — At the suggestion of the Guardian, this National Assembly requested ‘Abdu’l-Ḥamíd Effendi Ibrahim, an Alexandria believer and one of those three Bahá’ís who served the Cause in Ethiopia, to proceed to the Sudan and establish a permanent residence there. He reached Khartúm, the capital, in May, 1937, and opened a tailor shop. [BW7 p156]
- 1940-07-28 —
Shoghi Effendi, Rúhíyyih Khánum and Sutherland Maxwell left England for South Africa aboard the SS Capetown Castle. It was Mr Maxwell's close friendship with the Canadian High Commissioner in London, Vincent Massey, that helped them secure the sea passage. [PP180]
- They departed Southhampton just three days before the German High Command issued an order to the Luftwaffe to establish air superiority along the British Channel coast in preparation for the invasion of England. This resulted in the bombing and strafing of all civilian shipping out of British Channel ports.
- Risking U-Boat attacks the ship took them to Durban where they found that all flights to Khartoum had been booked by the military.
- They left Mr. Maxwell in Durban to await a flight to Khartoum while Shoghi Effendi and Rúhíyyih Khánum tried to make their way to Khartoum overland. The trip across Africa took them to Stanleyville, Congo; Juba in the Sudan; down the Nile to Khartoum and back to Palestine through Cairo. [PP180–1, TG159]
They arrived in Kisangani then Stanleyville a few weeks later (July 28, 1940), stayed for a week at the Stanley Hotel and made an excursion in the virgin forest. On the way to Juba, the Guardian also stayed in the village of Nia-Nia. [bahai.org]
- 1948-04-21 — The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Egypt and Sudan launched a Five Year Plan (1948-1953). [Ruhi 8.2 p46, BBRSM158; The Spiritual Conquest of the Planet (Supplement) p2]
Some goals were:
- To raise to nine the number of Local Spiritual Assemblies
- To raise to thirty-three the number of localities where Bahá'ís reside
- To send pioneers to Tunisia, Algeria and Libya
- To acquire property for a Bahá'í school
- To issue a Bahá'í magazine
- To consolidate the community in Ethiopia
- 1956-04-21 —
The Regional Spiritual Assembly of North East Africa was formed by expanding the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt and Sudan. [BW13:284]
- Its area of jurisdiction now included Egypt, Sudan, Abyssinia, Libya, Eritrea, British, French and Italian Somaliland and Socotra Island.
- From this date forward all African territories originally allocated to the United States, the Persian, the Egyptian, the Indian, and the British National Spiritual Assemblies became, in the course of the Ten-Year Plan, to benefit from the advantages of sustained assistance by these Assemblies Spiritual Assemblies. [MBW71-72]
- Since 1956 National Spiritual Assembly of North East Africa had been led by the former National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt and the Sudan. In 1960 difficulties in Egypt made it impossible to administer territories outside of Egypt a regional administrative committee was formed and this, in turn, was replaced with a new (regional) National Spiritual Assembly with its headquarters in Addis Abba. [BW13p287]
- 1968-04-21 — Sudan, Somalia and Ethiopia formed their own regional assembly.
Those elected to serve were: Gila Michael Bahta, Dr. Leo Neiderreitter, Gamal Rushdy, Asfaw Tessema, Dr. Heshmat Farhoumand, Dr. Hushang Ahdieh, Ursula Samandari, Assefaw Habte Michael and Rabbi Teele Mariam.
[Wikipedia]
- 1971-04-21 —
The National Spiritual Assembly of Sudan was formed. Prior to this time it had been with Egypt. National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt formed. [BW15p187]
- For picture see BW15:150.
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