Bahai Library Online

Tag "Constitutions (general)"

tag name: Constitutions (general) type: General
web link: Constitutions_(general)
referring tags: Constitutional Revolution (Iran, 1905-1911); Iranian constitution

"Constitutions (general)" appears in:

1.   from the main catalog (11 results; less)

  1. David S. Ruhe. Bahá'í Horizons in the 21st Century (1993-06-14). Informal notes transcribed from a talk closing a 1993 Conference on Social and Economic Development in Orlando, Florida, offering an overview of Bahá'í activities at the turn of the millennium.
  2. Moojan Momen. Baha'is and the Constitutional Revolution, The: The Case of Sari, Mazandaran, 1906-1913 (2008-06). Accounts of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran have tended to ignore the role of the Baha’is. They educated people about the reforms envisaged and about the modern world, for which they were persecuted.
  3. Kamran Ekbal. Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East (2014). Abdu'l-Bahá was opposed to the cultural and political colonialism of foreign powers and their militaries. In spite of the Bahá'í principle of abstaining from politics, exceptions can be made in the face of tyranny and injustice.
  4. Salim A. Nakhjavani. Constitutional Coherence and the Legal Status of the Bahá'í Community of Iran (2016-11). Constitutional coherence as a process norm; unfulfilled constitutional promises; aspects of the Iranian constitution and the lived experience of the Bahá'í community.
  5. Todd Lawson. Cosmopolitan World of the Quran and Late Antique Humanism, The (2021). On the Qur'an's use of the themes of epic and apocalypse to reveal its most cherished sacred truths: the Oneness of God, the Oneness of Religion, and the Oneness of Humanity. Contains no mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
  6. Christopher Buck. Deganawida, the Peacemaker (2015). Biography of the Iroquois / Haudenosaunee prophet-like figure who lived around 600 or 900 years ago.
  7. A.L.M. Nicolas. En Perse: La Constitution (1906-11). Three documents related to the first Iranian Constitution, with passing mentions of Babis.
  8. Ian C. Semple. Interpretation and the Guardianship (2005-05). Two versions of a talk presented at a seminar in Haifa, 1984, on differences between personal interpretation, authoritative interpretation, divinely guided legislation, and the role of the Guardian as interpreter
  9. Sepehr Zabih. Iran since the Revolution (1982). Discussion of the Iranian constitution, with one passing mention of Bahá'ís not being recognized.
  10. Universal House of Justice. Geoffrey W. Marks, comp. Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1963-1986: Third Epoch of the Formative Age (1996).
  11. Juan Cole. Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Bahá'í Faith in the Nineteenth-century Middle East [introduction only] (1998). Introduction and first 4 pages of Chapter One.

2.   from the Chronology (8 results; less)

  1. 1906-12-30
      The Constitution of Iran was re-established. The Bahá'ís were not included among the recognized religions. [BBR354; B114; CB57; GPB298]
    • For the prophecies of Bahá'u'lláh about the constitution see CBM56–8.
  2. 1907-01-08 — The death of Muzaffari'd-Dín Sháh just a few days after he had signed the constitution. [BBR354, 482]
  3. 1908-06-23 — Muhammad-`Alí Sháh undertook a successful coup d'état in Iran and abolished the Constitution. [BBR369]

    During a tense period of political struggle, a bomb was thrown into the Iranian Majlis (parliament) while it was in session. The explosion caused damage to the building and injured several parliamentarians, but there were no fatalities. The identity of the individual or group responsible remains a subject of historical debate. Some believe it was an attempt to disrupt the growing influence of the constitutionalists and the Majlis, while others suspect foreign interference. The event had significant political repercussions. It galvanized public opinion and further fuelled the demand for constitutional government and the rule of law. [Wikipedia]

  4. 1979-04-01
      The declaration of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran after a referendum with a 98.2% supporting vote.
    • And part of that constitution...

          Iran's Army and Revolutionary Guards "will be responsible not only for guarding and preserving the frontiers of the country, but also for fulfilling the ideological mission of (Shiite) jihad in God's way; that is, extending the sovereignty of God's (Shiite) law throughout the world ... in the hope that this century will witness the establishment of a universal holy government and the downfall of all others."
    • The IRGC is also the backbone of the clerical establishment in Iran. The senior cadres of the IRGC and the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei enjoy the final say in Iran's domestic and foreign policy and support for proxies. The IRGC, in addition, is engaged in the domestic repression of dissidents; the suppression of freedom of speech, press and assembly, and imprisoning political opponents. The Washington office of an Iranian opposition group, the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), has released a 175-page book, "The Rise of the Revolutionary Guards Corps Financial Empire," demonstrating that the IRGC controls more than half Iran's GDP and owns several major economic powerhouses and religious endowments, such as Astan-e Qods Razavi, in the northeastern city of Mashad. The NCRI also published another detailed book on 15 Iranian terrorist training centers, where the IRGC provides ideological, military and tactical training to foreign recruits, who are later dispatched to conduct terrorist activities in the Middle East and beyond. [Gatestone Institue 18 December 2021]
    • The formalization of the concept of Governance of the Jurisconsult (also known as "Wilayat al-Faqih" in Arabic) in the Iranian constitution solidified Khomeini's ideas and provided the framework for the political structure and governance in Iran, with Khomeini himself becoming the first Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic. The main aspects of this doctrine in Twelver Shia Islam were: 1. Supreme Authority of the Jurisconsult (Faqih), 2. Guardianship and Leadership in the place of the 12th Imam until his return, 3. The establishment of an Islamic State where the Jurisconsult (Faqih) would hold ultimate authority, 4. The Faqih would be legitimized through popular vote, 5. The Faqih would have the authority to interpret and enforce Islamic law in all aspect of society, 6. Social justice, equity and the welfare of the people would be implemented, 7. Resistance against oppression both from within and outside the country would be a duty, 8. Islamic jurisprudence would evolve and adapt to the changing times. [Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran]
  5. 1979-12-03
  6. 1981-04-01 — In Pakistan a constitutional amendment named the Bahá'í Faith among the non-Muslim faiths of the country, thus according it legal recognition. [BW18:107; VV67]
  7. 1987-09-30
      The National Spiritual Assembly of Brazil submitted proposals based on Bahá'í principles such as human rights to the National Constitutional Assembly drafting the new constitution. [BINS174:2]
    • Favourable responses were received from 46 Senators and Deputies. [BINS174:2]
  8. 2014-05-28
      In the presidential election in Egypt, former Egyptian defence minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was elected with 97% of the vote according to government sources. The subsequent 2014 Constitution of the Sisi government, while guaranteeing the 'inviolable' right of freedom of religion, extended this only to Islam, Christianity and Judaism – meaning that Bahá'i were still prohibited from many basic freedoms, such as practicing their religious laws and constructing places of worship. Though Bahá'í representatives lobbied during the constitutional drafting processes to expand religious freedoms to their community, this did not occur.
    • In December 2014, a public workshop was held by the Ministry of Religious Endowments to warn of the dangers of the spread of the Bahá'i faith in Egypt.
 
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