Religious Pluralism and the Baha'i Faith - Fazel,Seena (Interreligious Insight, 2003)
Provides an overview of the Bahá'í poisition on religious pluralism, reviewing relevant Bahá'í texts and scholarship that bear on this theme. Published with minor revisions.
See also Why the Bahá'í Faith Is Not Pluralist.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Pluralism; Relativism; Unity of religion

Religious Pluralism: A Bahá'í Perspective - Savi,Julio (World Order, 2000)
On resolving the conflicting truth claims made by different religious traditions; finding definitions for "religion" and "prophet"; problems of historical texts; the current state of religion.
Mirrored with permission from juliosavi.it.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Unity; Unity of religion

Remembering 'Abdu'l-Baha's Call for Unity, a Century after World War I - Bahá'í World News Service (2018)
Collection of newspaper articles and photographs of Abdu'l-Bahá, on the general theme of unity in the face of war.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Abu-Sinan, Israel; Century of Light (book); Haifa, Israel; Israel; Lawh-i-Hague (Tablet to The Hague); Memorials of the Faithful (book); Newspaper articles; Palestine; Peace; Tablets of the Divine Plan; Unity; War; World War I; `Abdu'l-Bahá

Replacing the Sword with the Word: Bahá'u'lláh's Concept of Peace - Saiedi,Nader (Bahá'í World, 2019)
The writings of Bahá'u'lláh reconstruct foundational concepts such as mysticism, religion, and social order; theories of peace, including democratic, Marxist, and sociological.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org (includes illustrations), where this article is also available as HTML.
Keywords: God, Word of; Jihad (Holy war); Peace; Removal of the sword; Sociology; Stages of the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh; Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; War

Requisites for Family Unity: The Role of the Father in the Family - Chittleborough,Safoura (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
The importance of the family as a whole in child-rearing and the negative consequences of family breakdown.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org. Author affiliation: South Australian Department for Family and Community Services
Keywords: Children; Education; Equality; Ethics; Family; Fathers; Unity

Resilience in Children: Within a Spiritual, Social, and Neurobiological Framework - Mahmoudi,Hoda; Ahmadiyeh,Nasim (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2002)
Exposure to hardship and to events requiring adaptation to change allows the child to learn flexibility and resilience, and so find his or her sphere of useful service in a constantly changing world.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/122.
Keywords: Children; Psychology; Resilience; Service; Tests and difficulties

Resistance, Resilience and the Role of Narrative: Lessons from the Experiences of Iranian Bahá'í Women Prisoners - Hakimian,Donna (Enquire (Electronic Nottinghom Quarterly for Ideas, Research, and Evaluation), 2009)
A study of Iranian Bahá’í women who were imprisoned in Iran following the 1979 revolution. Aspects of individual resistance and resilience are explored through life history interviews. Link to article (offsite).
This paper is online at nottingham.ac.uk.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Resilience; Women

Response to MacEoin's "Problems of Scholarship" and "A Critique of Moojan Momen's Response," A - Momen,Moojan; MacEoin,Denis (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1983)
A discussion touching on many topics, including scientific objectivity in the study of religion, faith vs reason, liberalism, academic standards, and the nature of sects vs "world religion."
See related discussions in Debates between MacEoin et al., and MacEoin's original article.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Criticism and apologetics; Scholarship

Responsible Entrepreneurship: Engaging SMEs in Socially and Environmentally Responsible Practices - Starcher,George (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 2004)
The importance of reputation, and segmentation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) according to their responsible behaviors. Presents a case for responsible entrepreneurship and summarizes how external stakeholders can engage SMEs.
Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at archive.org.
Keywords: Business

Rethinking Migration from a Global Perspective - Schewel,Kerilyn (Bahá'í World, 2020)
On migration and social transformation and humanity's response to displacement.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Migration

Retórica Gnóstica de la Espiritualidad en las Escrituras Bahá'ís, La - Villar Cardenas,Badi (La Pluma del Conocimiento, 2002)
Este escrito contiene una sencilla exposición de la riqueza de expresiones gnósticas que abundan en la retórica bahá’í de la espiritualidad, al tiempo que demuestra una diferencia substancial en cuanto a la cosmogonía, el compromiso social y la afirmación
Author note: Profesor de Educación Secundaria en la especialidad de Historia y geografia. Miembro de la Comunidad Bahá'í de Huaraz. From bahaidream.com; see also bahaidream.com/lapluma/revista01/revista01.htm.
Keywords: Cosmology; Gnosticism

Return of the Dreamtime - Trueman,Pym (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
Brief history of Christianity and missionary work in Samoa and Australia, and how native Samoan customs and beliefs were changed or lost.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Aboriginal people; Australia; Christian missionaries; Christianity; Community (general); Cultural diversity; Culture, Indigenous; Dreamtime; Ethics; Evil spirits; Human rights; Indigenous people; Interfaith dialogue; Language; Materialism; Music; Mythology; Opposition; Prophecies; Samoa; Sharing; Spirits; Superstition; Traditions; Trauma; Unity

Revelation as Scientific in its Method: Science, Diversity, Consultation, and Learning in Action - Friberg,Stephen R. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2024)
An exploration of Shoghi Effendi's statement that the Bahá'í Faith is scientific in method; the role of diversity in scientific objectivity and bias; the process of action, reflection, consultation, and study.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Consultation; Learning; Revelation; Science

Revelation, Interpretation, and Elucidation in the Baha'i Writings - Stockman,Robert (Scripture and Revelation: Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium, 1997)
The complexities of the Bahá'í concepts of revelation, interpretation, infallibility, and elucidation
This is an early draft of the article which later appeared in Scripture and Revelation. First presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #4 (DePoort, Netherlands November 4-6, 1994).
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Discrepancies; Elucidation; Interpretation; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Luther; Philosophers; Philosophy; Quotations; Revelation; Secret of Divine Civilization (book); Translation

Review of secondary literature in English on recent persecutions of Bahá'ís in Iran - Ghanea-Hercock,Nazila (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
Issues of misinformation, perceived favoritism under the Shah's regime, charges of espionage, and theological conflicts with Islam as motives for the persecution of Bahá'ís.
Keywords: Conspiracy theories; Criticism and apologetics; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Rights and Responsibilities in the Bahá'í Family System - Mahmoudi,Hoda; Dabell,Richard (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Duties ascribed in the Bahá’í teachings to the members of the family; complementary functions of women and men; the institution of marriage and family is fundamental in the development of a new society and global civilization based on equality and unity.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Equality; Family; Gender; Rights and responsibilities; Women

Rights and Responsibilities in the Bahá'í World Order: From 'Me' to 'Us' — Confronting the Fear - Schweitz,Martha L. (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
In human rights thinking there is often a presumed conflict between the needs to fully protect human dignity and equality, and to foster the well being of society as a whole; this divide is false and in the Bahá’í teachings both goals can be achieved.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.ER -

Rights to Human and Social Development: A Survey of the Activities of the Bahá'í International Community - Hassall,Graham (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
BIC contributions to thinking about human rights and social development have centered on 6 themes: a global complex systems approach, oneness of humanity, role of religious belief, primacy of education, values-based approach, and effectiveness of the U.N.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Bahá'í International Community; Human rights; Prosperity of Humankind (statement); Social and economic development; United Nations

Rising to the Challenge of Reconciliation - Danesh,Roshan; White III,Douglas (Bahá'í World, 2023)
Analyzing the legacy of colonialism and racism in Canada and examining the profound, multifaceted process of social transformation that genuine reconciliation implies.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where it is available in a nicer HTML format.
Keywords: Age of transition; Canada; Christianity; Colonialism and imperialism; Cultural diversity; Economics; Equality; Genocide; History (general); Human rights; Indigenous people; Injustice; Interfaith dialogue; Justice; Native Americans; Oppression; Peace; Peace treaties; Politics; Race; Racism; Reconciliation; Reform; Silos (segmentation); Social action; Social change; Transformation; Unity; Unity of humanity

Rituals in Babism and Bahá'ísm, by Denis MacEoin: Review - Buck,Christopher (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1996)
A compact, well-documented academic study including a representative selection of texts; by focussing only on texts it omits actual Bahá'í practice and over-emphasizes the ritual elements found in the Bahá'í Faith.
This document is also available as PDF.
Keywords: Rituals

Robert Hayden's 'American Journal': A Multidimensional Analysis - Buck,Christopher (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2008)
A study of an often neglected poem which combines an informal cultural analysis of the USA with a social commentary on the world. It treats the human race from a universal perspective, emphasizing the importance of human solidarity.
Mirrored with permission from oj.bahaistudies.net. Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: African Americans; Arts and crafts; Poetry; Robert Hayden; Senegal; United States (documents)

Role of Principles in the Bahá'í Faith: Principles and Fashion - Majd,Farjam (Lights of Irfán, 2013)
A hierarchical tree-like model of the world can aid in understanding the following questions: are values relative or absolute? Is it old-fashioned to live with a moral code? Should we be conservative or progressive? Should our beliefs change over time?
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #109, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 2012). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/109/majd_principles.
Keywords: Ethics; Morality; Principles; Relativism; Tree (metaphor)

Ruptured Spaces and Effective Histories: The Unveiling of the Babi Poetess Qurrat al-'Ayn-Tahirih in the Gardens of Badasht - Mottahedeh,Negar (Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
Implications of Tahirih's revolutionary act at Badasht in terms of a decisive break with Islamic history; also Shaykh Abu Turab's recollections of the event and his literary role in Nabil's Dawn-Breakers.
First published in UCLA Journal of History 17 (1997): 59-81, then in H-Bahai's Occasional Papers 2:2 (February, 1998) at h-net.org. The version below has been proofread and updated by Mike Thomas (2020), and more references added; see his improved Word doc. See also another version of this paper, Mutilated Body of the Modern Nation: Qurrat al-'Ayn's Unveiling and the Persian Massacre of the Bábís.
Keywords: Badasht, Iran; Bábí history; Conference of Badasht (1848); Dawn-Breakers (book); Equality; Iran (documents); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Veils; Women

Sacred Mythology and the Bahá'í Faith - Collins,William P. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
The mythological universe created by Bahá’u’lláh employs three significant spiritual verities: the unknowable nature of the Ultimate Mystery, the relativity of religious/mythological truth, and the necessity of science and investigation of reality.
This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. Permission to cross-post articles given by ABS editor in 1997 and 2000 when I was building the first bahai-studies.ca website.
Keywords: Bahá'í history; Bábí history; Dawn-Breakers (book); Epics; Heroism; Interfaith dialogue; Joseph Campbell; Metaphors and allegories; Mythology; Poetry

Sacrificing the Innocent: Suppression of Bahá'ís of Iran in 1955 - Choubine,Bahram (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2008)
Activities of Reza Shah, Ayatollah Borujirdi, Muhammad-Taqi Falsafi, Shaykh Hossein-Ali Montazeri, and SAVAK in the mid-20th century.
This document is also available in PDF. Mirrored with permission from iranian.com. A version was published in BSR 15:1 (2009). Another version of the article was published online by the author in 2010, and is available here.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Salaam Cinema: On Mohsen Makhmalbaf - Hoffman,Adina (The Nation, 2013)
An Iranian director's ongoing meditations on the nature of illusion and reality, truth and consequences. Includes a review of The Gardener, a documentary about the Bahá'í Faith.
This article was first posted at thenation.com and later excerpted at thegardenerfilm.com.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Cinema; Documentaries; Film; Reality; Truth

Sapiential Theosis: A New Reading of Ephrem the Syrian's Hymns on Paradise - Buck,Christopher (Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society, 1995)
Prepublication chapter from Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Baha’i Faith (Albany: SUNY Press, 1999). St. Eprem the Syrian is generally regarded as the greatest Christian poet of Late Antiquity.
SUNY Press flyer: click here. Paradise and Paradigm is the first formal (academic) comparative study of the Bahá'í Faith and Christianity (even though there is an abundance of popular, apologetic literature on the topic). The choice of "Persian Christianity" is important for historical and cultural reasons, as this is a comparison of two commensurables (two Persian religions) rather than "apples and oranges."
Keywords: Christianity; Cosmology; Ephrem; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Metaphors and allegories; Paradise; Symbolism; Syria

Scholar Meets Prophet: Edward Granville Browne and Bahá'u'lláh (Acre, 1890) - Buck,Christopher; Ioannesyan,Youli A. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2018)
Details of E.G. Browne's handwritten notes about his meeting with Bahá'u'lláh, his stay in Akka in April 1890, and his correspondence with Russian academics.
Also available in Microsoft Word format, prepared by M. Thomas (2024).
Keywords: Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Pen portraits of; Bahá'í studies; Baron Rosen; Cyprus; E. G. Browne; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Pen portraits; Portraits; Russia; Scholarship; Travelers Narrative (book)

Scholarship and the Bahá'í Community - Momen,Moojan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
The place of scholarship in the Bahá’í community and the value of Bahá’í studies to that community; the problems that may arise for Bahá’í scholars in relation to their own spiritual life and also in relation to the Bahá’í community.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Scholarship

Scholarship: A Bahá'í Perspective - Hatcher,William S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
Bahá’í scholarship seeks to understand and/or apply truths contained in the writings of the Bahá’í Faith, but it may also involve historical/critical studies of the Bahá’í Faith as a social phenomenon. It is broad in scope.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Scholarship

Science and Prophecy: Humankind's Path to Peace in Global Society - Laszlo,Ervin (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
The path to peace can be trod through science — rational, scientific understanding — as well as religion — insight and intuition. The the two paths lead to the same destination: to the next, global stage in humanity's complex evolution.
See also Science and Prophecy: audio talk, and see also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Peace; Prophecies; Science

Science and Religion - Furutan,Ali-Akbar (Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1970)
On the causes underlying the notion of a conflict between science and religion. Prophets have always stressed the need for attaining more knowledge and wisdom, so a divinely-revealed Faith bereft of superstition cannot be opposed to knowledge and reason.
Keywords: Science; `Alí-Akbar Furútan

Science and Religion in Chinese Culture - Khursheed,Anjam (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 2000)
Religion lies at the root of philosophy and civilization during the Tang (618-907) and Sung (960-1279) dynasties. Cultural achievements during these periods were influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, but modern sciences did not develop.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 5.
Keywords: Buddhism; China; Christianity; Confucianism; God; Interfaith dialogue; Philosophy; Philosophy, Chinese; Science; Taoism

Science and Religion in Dynamic Interplay - Smith,Todd (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2019)
An approach to conceptualizing and contributing to the harmony of science and religion; some legitimate concerns many thinkers have with religion; three ways in which science and religion can complement each other.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/5.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Michael Karlberg; Religion (general); Science

Science and the Bahá'í Faith - Hatcher,William S. (Bahá'í Studies, 1976)
Seeing religion and science as in opposition derives from a conception of science as being too restrictive to apply to religion, and of religion as too subjective to be scientific.
Mirrored with permission from bahai-studies.ca/monographs.
Keywords: Science

Science in the Hands of Women: Present Barriers, Future Promise - Harmsen,Rhea Howard (World Order, 1998)
What is the attitude of mind that will permit an actualization of women's potential as women, and allow women and men to work together to create peace and prosperity through science?
This article is based on a talk presented at the "Wings of the Eagle Conference on Gender Equality", Louisville, KY, 25 May 1996. The article was subsequently published in World Order magazine in the summer of 1998. Special thanks to Dr. Betty Fisher for her skillful editorial assistance, and to several friends and family for their valuable input. Also available in PDF [2MB].
Keywords: Peace; Science; Women

Science, Religion, and Development: Promoting a Discourse in India, Brazil, and Uganda - Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (2010)
The experience and insights of academics, policy makers, and development practitioners who have contributed to the discourse on science, religion, and development on three continents. [Link to PDF, offsite.]
The document linked below is housed at globalprosperity.org/resources.
Keywords: Brazil; Development; India; Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP); Religion (general); Science; Uganda

Scriptum - Collins,William P., editor (1995)
All 8 issues of a journal for Bahá'í librarians and archivists.
Keywords: Archives; Libraries

Scripture as Literature: Sifting through the layers of the text - Lewis,Frank (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
Literary and religious antecedents to some of the styles and genres of Bahá'í scripture.
Paper originally delivered at a the Irfan Colloquium at Wilmette, Illinois, 1993. See irfancolloquia.org/2/lewis_scripture. Later re-published in Reason and Revelation: Studies in Bábí and Bahá'í History vol. 13.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Literature; Literature, Arabic; Literature, Persian; Puppet shows; Style (Writings)

Searching for Bahá'í Identity - Leavy,Alexandra (Journal of Cultural Studies of the Middle East and North Africa, 2009)
How do religious minorities adapt to the new nationalist identity of Iran post-1979?
Mirrored from journal.jcsmena.org.
Keywords: Bahá'í schools; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Iran

Searching for God in time and memory: An examination of Bahá'í prayer as 'remembrance' - White,Christopher (Reason and Revelation: Studies in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions, 2002)
Describes Bahá'í prayer practices as a way to understand the human self and the Divine and overcoming the gap between the two.
Originally published in Bahá'í Studies Review Volume 7, 1997.
Keywords: Ablutions; Dhikr (Remembrance); Forgetfulness; Genuflections; God; God, Nearness to; Obligatory prayer; Prayer; Remembrance; Rituals; Self; Worship

Seeds of Revelation and the Mystic Bond between The Báb and Bahá'u'lláh: An Exposition on Excerpts from the Persian Bayán - Thomas,James B. (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
A comparison of some of the writings of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh, showing the unique, mysterious bond between them as the Twin Messengers of the Bahá'í Dispensation.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #60, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 26-29, 2005). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/60/thomas_revelation.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Station of; Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); Báb, Station of the; Báb, The; Covenant; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Eternity; God; He Whom God shall make manifest; Irfan Colloquia; Love; Paradise; Prayer; Progressive revelation; Signs

Seeing Double: The Covenant and the Tablet of Ahmad - Lawson,Todd (Bahá'í Faith and the World's Religions, 2005)
The Tablet of Ahmad is believed to have special potency. "Seeing double" means both looking at the words of Scripture, and looking in the direction beyond the words, as indicated by the context. This paper also discusses the meaning of Covenant in Islam.
Two versions of this article are below: an image-scan of the PDF, followed by unformatted text.
Keywords: Alast (Primordial Covenant); Birds; Both worlds; Covenant; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Imams; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Jinn (genie); Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Arabic)); Maid of Heaven; Metaphors and allegories; Nightingales; Paradise; Quran; Reading; Renaissance; Sadratu'l-Muntahá (Lote Tree); Shia Islam (Shiism); Symbolism; Translation; Tree (metaphor); Trees; Words and phrases

Seeing With the Eye of God: Relationships Between Theology and Interpretation - Sours,Michael W. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1991)
Various spheres of interpretation and how their hierarchies reflect theological truth.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Quran; Theology

Seeking for Truth: Plausibility Alignment on a Bahá'í Email List - Piff,David; Warburg,Margit (Religion and Cyberspace, 2005)
Dynamics of participation on the Talisman listserver in 1995, and how it provided an interactive process for seeking truth.
Documents related to this article include: Bahá'í Negotiation with the Internet, Internet Communications (etc), Defending the Cause against Opponents on the Internet, Laymen vs. Scholars in Bahá'í Studies, and Scholars and the Administrative Order. Article extracted from complete book, which was posted with CC permission to scribd.com.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; H-Bahá'í (email list); Internet forums; Talisman (email list)

Seeking Light in the Darkness of "Race" - Wheeler,Jamar M. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2017)
A historical sketch of how race concepts evolved, with analysis at macro and micro levels of society. Oneness of mankind is an enlightening force that, through individual agency and collective social action, can transform society.
Article mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/221. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: History (general); Race; Race unity; Racism; Sociology; Transformation; United States (documents); Unity of humanity

Selflessness: Congruences between the Cognitive-Developmental Research Program and the Bahá'í Writings - Diessner,Rhett (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
On four major concepts shared by the cognitive-developmentalist theorists (Piaget, Kohlberg, Kegan) and the Bahá’í writings, including a developmental teleology, the stage-like nature of development, the importance of an epistemic focus, and selflessness.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Development; Education; Psychology; Selflessness

Seneca Falls First Woman's Rights Convention of 1848: The Sacred Rites of the Nation - Miller,Bradford W. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
Explores parallels between the Seneca Fails First Woman’s Rights Convention in the USA and the Badasht Conference in Iran, both in July 1848, in terms of the emancipation of women.
See also author's Returning to Seneca Falls: The First Women's Rights Convention and Its Meaning for Men Today: A Journey into the Historical Soul of America (Lindisfarne Books, 1995), online at amazon. See also The Calling: Tahirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries (Ahdieh and Chapman, 2017). Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/107.
Keywords: Badasht, Iran; Conference of Badasht (1848); Equality; Gender; History (general); Human rights; Iran (documents); New York, USA; Quddus; Seneca Falls, NY; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); United States (documents); Veils; Women

Service, Joy and Sacrifice: An Essay on Commentaries by 'Abdu'l-Bahá - Thomas,James B. (Lights of Irfán, 2004)
On the exemplary life of service to God and to humankind; choosing to change one's life from predominately one of self-interest to one of sharing; the spiritual transformation which often follows such a change.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #46, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 1-4, 2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/46/thomas_service.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Irfan Colloquia; Joy; Martyrdom; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Sacrifice; Service; Tests and difficulties

Seven Narratives of Religion: A Framework for Engaging Contemporary Research - Schewel,Benjamin (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
Academic discourse on religion is beginning to resonate with the broader Bahá'í vision. Seven narrative frameworks are examined and contrasted: subtraction, renewal, transsecular, post-naturalist, construct, perennial, and developmental.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/169.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Religion (general); Scholarship; Secularism

Seven Valleys of Bahá'u'lláh and Farid ud-Din Attar - Banani,Sheila (Lights of Irfán, 2000)
An overview of the similarities between the Seven Valleys by Bahá'u'lláh and the Conference of the Birds by the Persian Sufi Farid ud-din Attar.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #26, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (November 26-28, 1999).Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/26/banani_valleys.
Keywords: Attar (poet); Conference of the Birds (book); Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Mysticism; Sheila Banani; Sufism

Sex, Gender, and New Age Stereotyping - Ta'eed,Lata (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1994)
Advocates the abolishing of culturally produced differences between men and women and challenges gender inconsistencies inherent in many Bahá'í discussions.
Keywords: Change; Equality; Gender; Stereotyping; Transformation; Transgender (transsexuality); Women

Shared Prosperity: How Does That Work? - Momen,Wendi (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
The goal of shared prosperity includes two key elements: economic growth and equity. Without sustained growth, the poor are unlikely to increase their living standards, participate in broad ownership, or enjoy equitable use of land and resources.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #125, Acuto, Italy (2014). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/125/momen_prosperity.
Keywords: Economics; Prosperity; Wealth and poverty

Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i and the World of Images - Lawson,Todd (Shi'i Trends and Dynamics in Modern Times, 2010)
Characteristics and function of this world as found in the writings of Mullá Muhammad Muhsin Fayd Káshání and Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsá'í. Does not mention the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Mulla Muhammad Muhsin Fayd Kashani; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'i; Shaykhism

Shedding Light in the Hearts: Reflections on Poetry - Savi,Julio (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
Limitations and merits of poetry as an emotional stimulus, as truth, and as a privileged form of linguistic expression, and its purpose as a spiritual conception of the nature of reality.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/118.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Poetry

Shi'i Clerics in Iraq and Iran, 1722-1780: The Akhbari-Usuli Conflict Reconsidered - Cole,Juan (Iranian Studies, 1985)
A debate which came to shape Shi'i jurisprudence, between those who believed that only the Imams should be the source of law, vs. those who held that rational study of scripture could yield worthy principles. (No mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í faiths.)
Purchase online at tandfonline.com. On the Akhbaris and Usulis, see also Introduction to Shi'i Islam p. 117 and Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i on the Sources of Religious Authority.
Keywords: Akhbari (Shiite school); Iran (documents); Iraq; Islam; Jurisprudence; Shaykhism; Shia Islam (Shiism); Usuli (Shiite school)

Shoghi Effendi and the American Dream - Hutchison,Sandra Lynn (World Order, 1997)
Context and import of Advent of Divine Justice, American destiny, the American frontier, ethical imperatives, and the Most Great Peace.
Distributed in Ocean; formatted and proofread for posting here. Also available as PDF: hutchison_shoghi-effendi_american_dream.pdf.
Keywords: Advent of Divine Justice (letter); Ethics; History (general); Most Great Peace; Peace; Shoghi Effendi; United States (documents)

Shoghi Effendi's Plans for Progress Practical Lessons - Thomas,June Manning (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1997)
The nature of "planning" and the role plans play in the Bahá'í concept of governance and human progress; four broad categories of guidance that Shoghi Effendi used when overseeing global plans; 'functional components' of his planning efforts.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca, and review by Lynn Echevarria-Howe.
Keywords: Planning; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of

Shoghi Effendi's The Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh: A Theology of the Word - McLean,Jack (Lights of Irfán, 2008)
An interpretation of Shoghi Effendi's 'theological' themes, including fundamental tenets of Bahá'í theology; the 'stations' of the Central Figures; exclusivist, inclusivist and pluralist statements; and the apologetic method of comparison.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #79, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 11-14, 2007). Also available as a nicely-formatted PDF: lights9_mclean.pdf.
Keywords: Covenant; Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh (letter); Irfan Colloquia; Theology; World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book)

Shoghi Effendi's Translation of Terms Related to Law in Bahá'í Scripture - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
Patterns in the Guardian's translation of terms related to the word law; different Arabic/Persian words translated as "law"; quotations in which Shoghi Effendi translated each word in some other way.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #48, Acuto, Italy (2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/48/momen_legal.
Keywords: Laws; Shoghi Effendi; Translation

Shoghi Effendi's View of Providential History in Light of the Judaeo-Christian Tradition - McLean,Jack (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2005)
The Guardian's letters reveal six features of his historicity: palingenesis and transitional history; providential synchronization; teleological history; organically whole history; periodisation of ages and epochs; history as community identity-creation.
This paper is a shortened and modified version of `Providential History: The Renewal of an Ancient Idea,’ Chapter six of A Celestial Burning: The Writings of Shoghi Effendi. Below it is a simplified version of this paper, "Shoghi Effendi’s Concept of History." Mirrored with permission from jack-mclean.com.
Keywords: Bahá'í history; Christianity; History (general); Interfaith dialogue; Judaism; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of

Shoghi Effendi: An approach to his artistic contribution to style in English literature and to standards in translation - Perdu Honeyman,Nobel Augusto; Velasco,Ismael (Traducción, cultura e inmigración. Reflexiones interdisciplinares, 2004)
On the technical and literary features of Shoghi Effendi's translations of Bahá'í scriptures: translation vocabulary; interpretation; features of his 'neo-classical' English used to elevate the text.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #54, London (July 2-4, 2004), mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/54/perdu_translation. Document mirrored from ual.es/personal/nperdu.
Keywords: Bible; Bible translations; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Literature; Literature, English; Quran; Quran translations; Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Style (Writings); Translation

Significance of some Sites Mentioned in Memorials of the Faithful - Seddigh,Foad (Lights of Irfán, 2016)
Abdu'l-Bahá cited many villages and cities: the Most Great House in Baghdád; the ruins of Madaen which Bahá'u'lláh visited many times; Sheikh Tabarsi's tomb; the city of Mosul which is built on the ruins of the ancient city of Nineveh.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #135 (Louhelen, 2015). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/135/seddigh_places.
Keywords: Afnan; Baghdad, Iraq; Cemeteries and graves; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí Afnán; Iraq; Mada'ín, Iraq; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Memorials of the Faithful (book); Mosul, Iraq; Persecution; Persecution, Arrests; Prophecies; Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963)

Signs: Quranic Themes in the Writings of the Báb - Lawson,Todd (elixir-journal.org, 2017)
With the composition of the Qayyum al-asma, the Báb demonstrated the incredible breadth and depth of His knowledge and that He had fully interiorized, indeed embodied, the Quran. Selected themes briefly illustrated with quotations from the Qur'an.
Mirrored with permission from www.elixir-journal.org.
Keywords: Báb, Writings of; God, Gender of; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Quran; Signs; Translation

Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial: Redefining Rural Secondary Education in Latin America - Kwauk,Christina; Robinson,Jenny Perlman (Millions Learning Case Studies, 2016)
A series on educational interventions where not only access to schools was improving, but also learning itself; a look at Colombia's Bahá'í-inspired initiative Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial ("Tutorial Learning System").
Mirrored from brookings.edu; also available en Español. See also an article about this report at news.bahai.org, Social Responsibility and Community Development: Lessons from the Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial in Honduras (Honeyman, 2010), and The Bahá'í Educational Project: Towards a Universal System of Education (Bookwalter, 2000).
Keywords: Education; FUNDAEC; Latin America

Social Activism Among Some Early Twentieth-Century Bahá'ís - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (Socialist Studies, 2006)
Socialist involvement of some of Canada's earliest Bahá'ís, before and after the prohibition of involvement in political affairs.
Mirrored from journals.sfu.ca.
Keywords: Activism; Bahá'í history; Bahá'í history by country; Canada; Michael Karlberg; Politics; Socialism

Social Affinity Flow Theory: A New Understanding of Both Human Interaction and the Power of the Baha'i Training Institute Process - Gourdine,Christopher G.; Edgren,Justin R.; Trice,Thomas L.; Zlatic,Joseph N. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2019)
On a new explanation of social rifts prevalent in many societies today as well as constructive efforts of social change, including community-building work of the Bahá'í Faith, in both its teachings and its training institute process.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/261.
Keywords: Change; Community building; Institute process; Sociology; Training Institutes

Social Basis of the Bábí Upheavals in Iran (1848-1953): A Preliminary Analysis - Momen,Moojan (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1983)
In the mid-19th century, Iran was shaken by unrest caused by the Bábí movement, which set off a chain of events that led on the one hand, to the constitutional movement in Iran, and on the other, to the establishment of the now world-wide Bahá'í Faith.
PDF generated by a lightly re-formatted Word document posted by author at academia.edu.
Keywords: Bábísm; Iran (documents); Iran, General history; Letters of the Living; Nayriz upheaval; Nayriz, Iran; Persecution; Persecution, Deaths; Persecution, Iran; Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Seven martyrs of Tihran; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Sociology; Statistics; Upheavals; Women; Zanjan upheaval; Zanjan, Iran

Social Responsibility and Community Development: Lessons from the Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial in Honduras - Honeyman,Catherine A. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
Exploration of the connections between education, social capital, and development through a mixed-methods case study of Colombia's Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial, an innovative secondary-level education system.
Posted at academia.edu. See also Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial: Redefining Rural Secondary Education in Latin America (Kwauk & Robinson, 2016), an article at news.bahai.org, and The Bahá'í Educational Project: Towards a Universal System of Education (Bookwalter, 2000).
Keywords: Education; FUNDAEC

Socrates'/Plato's Use of Rhetoric: A Bahá'í Perspective - Breneman,Bret (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1991)
Classical rhetoric continues to increase our understanding of human utterance and expression; the figure of Socrates in Plato’s dialogues models a rhetorical mutuality, a 'pedagogical' rhetoric which demonstrates how refined speech is morally nurturing.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Plato; Rhetoric; Socrates

Solidarity with the Poor - Baum,Gregory (The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, 2000)
Roman-Catholic ideas of development; the World Bank and religion; social-science research and secularism; papal encyclicals concerning development.
Mirrored from idrc.ca, where it is also available in HTML format. The complete book is also available for free at Google books.ER -

"Some Answered Questions" and Its Compiler - Ma'ani,Baharieh Rouhani (Lights of Irfán, 2017)
Overview of the life of Laura Clifford Barney and her role in assembling and publishing the book Some Answered Questions, and a comparison with the appendix to the Kitab-i-Aqdas called Questions & Answers.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/ma'ani_saq.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laura Clifford Barney; Questions and answers; Some Answered Questions (book); Su'al va Javab (Questions and Answers, Kitáb-i-Aqdas); Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín (Mullá Zaynul-ʻÁbidín)

Answered Questions, Some: A Philosophical Perspective - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
Philosophical foundations of the Bahá’í teachings, including ontology, theology, epistemology, philosophical anthropology and psychology, and personal and social ethics.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #86, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 9-12, 2008). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/86/kluge_philosophical. See also a collection of quotations from Some Answered Questions extracted from this article, using the revised 2014 SAQ edition.
Keywords: Causality; Ethics; Evolution; Free will; God; Human nature; Humanity; Infallibility; Irfan Colloquia; Knowledge; Life after death (afterlife); Manifestations of God; Mind; Neoplatonism; Ontology; Panentheism; Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Philosophy, Islamic; Proofs; Science; Some Answered Questions (book); Soul

Aspects of Bahá'í Ethics, Some - Schaefer,Udo (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2006)
Summary of concepts from Schaefer's book Bahá'í Ethics in the Light of Scripture.
The 20th Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lecture. Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/132.
Keywords: Ethics; Udo Schaefer

Aspects of Bahá'í Scholarship, Some - Khan,Peter J. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
Four ideas that characterize Bahá’í scholarship: the central position of the Word in the acquisition of knowledge; the interconnected Bahá’í model of the world; progressive nature of Bahá’í law; organic relationship of scholarship and the Covenant.
See also a different version of this article delivered as a talk. Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/9.
Keywords: Scholarship

Some Bahá'í and Shaykhí Interpretations of 'the Mystery of Reversal' - MacEoin,Denis (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1982)
Prophecies about the appearance of the Qa'im and the significance of certain letters and numbers within a cipher described in an Islamic text.
Link to document at hurqalya.ucmerced.edu/journals/bsb.
Keywords: 1844; Greatest Name; Hurqalya; Jabulqa and Jabulsa; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Lawh-i-Qina (Tablet of the Veil); Reversal, Mystery of (Shaykhism, Kitáb-i-Aqdas, Lawh-i-Qina); Shaykhism

Chronological Issues in the Lawh-i-Hikmat of Bahá'u'lláh, Some - Terry,Peter (Lights of Irfán, 2000)
An attempt to discover the antecedents of Bahá’u’lláh's distinctive chronology of ancient associations between Greek philosophers and Judean kings. Do Bahá’í historians have to critically re-examine the accepted Western accounts?
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #24, Louhelen Bahá'í School (October 8-12, 1999). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/24/terry_hikmat. See also Problems of Chronology in Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet of Wisdom (J. Cole 1979), Tablet of Wisdom Questions and Answers ('Abdu'l-Bahá 1906), Miscellaneous philosophy topics (J. Walbridge 2002), Letters Written on Behalf of the Guardian (Universal House of Justice 2007), and Further Comments on a Passage of the Lawh-i-Hikmat (A. Egea 2009).
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Irfan Colloquia; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Philosophers; Philosophers; Philosophy

Considerations Relating to the Inheritance Laws of the Kitab-i-Aqdas, Some - McGlinn,Sen (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1995)
Gender distinctions in the Bahá'í inheritance laws might at first glance seem to favor male heirs, but the laws actually create a symmetrical equality.
See also an earlier version of this paper delivered as a talk, Inheritance Laws of the Kitab-i-Aqdas.
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Inheritance; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Women

Images of a 'New Creation' in Twentieth-Century Art, Some - Badiee,Julie (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1995)
A look at the works of some 20th-century artists to show that, whether they were aware of the Baha’i revelation or not, many of these artists have been compelled to express the quiet, yet unmistakable theme of a "new creation."
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive. See also original scan.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Modern art; Painting

Insights from the First Century of the Formative Age, Some - Lample,Paul (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2013)
On the Covenant from a historical perspective; authority and powers of the UHJ; learning within an evolving framework for action; organic growth and development; relationships among individuals, communities, and institutions; and society-building power.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/157.
Keywords: Cycles, Eras, Ages and Epochs; Formative Age; Paul Lample; Time

Interpretive Principles in the Bahá'í Writings, Some - Fananapazir,Khazeh; Fazel,Seena; McGlinn,Sen (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1992)
Aspects of hermeneutics and authorized interpretation.
Article "Some Interpretive Principles" is by Fananapazir and Fazel. Commentary is by Sen McGlinn, from BSR 7 (1997), at end.
Keywords: Context, Taking verses out of; Contradictions; Criticism and apologetics; Hermeneutics; Interpretation

Passing Comments on the Long Obligatory Prayer of Bahá'u'lláh, Some - Washington,Bill (Bahá'í Studies in Australasia vol. 3, 1996)
The purpose of prayer to "cast out" from within our heart our attachment to the things of this material world. A detailed description of the Long Obligatory Prayer.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Obligatory prayer; Obligatory prayer, Long; Prayer

Reflections on the Concept of Law in the Bahá'í Faith, Some - Danesh,Roshan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2014)
The concept of law in the Bahá’í Faith; its early Islamic context; the nature of legal language and discourse in Bahá’u’lláh’s writings. Religious law, rooted in conscious knowledge and the dynamics of love, rejects rigid and legalistic rules.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/161.
Keywords: Cleanliness; Gradual implementation of laws; Imitation; Intellect; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Laws; Love; Obedience; Obligatory prayer; Prayer; Priesthood; Purpose of life; Questions and answers; Refinement; Secret of Divine Civilization (book); Shia Islam (Shiism); Wine (metaphor); Words and phrases

Some Reflections on the Different Meanings of the Word Báb - Danesh,Amelia (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
While Bahá'ís associate the Arabic word báb with Sayyid ‘Ali-Muhammad, to Muslims it has several other meanings, resulting in different interpretations of events and figures in Bahá'í history by scholars approaching it from an Islamic perspective.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Báb (Gate); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Words and phrases

Reflections on the Principle of Unity/Oneness, Some - Badee,Hooshmand (Lights of Irfán, 2018)
Reflections on the message of Bahá'u'lláh creating the oneness of humanity and a global society that is based on unity and love rather than factors such as economic and political gains.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/badee_reflections.
Keywords: Covenant; Independent investigation of truth; Marriage; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Nineteen Day Feast; Pioneering; Politics; Promise of World Peace (statement); Travel Teaching; Unity

Some Themes and Images in the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh - Nakhjavani,Bahiyyih (Bahá'í World, 1976)
Exploring the relationship between the Creative Word, particularly its expression in language, and the journey of the human soul to its Creator.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org in the series The Revelations of Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb.
Keywords: Angels; Archetypes; Bahá'u'lláh, Revelation of; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Báb (Gate); Deeds; Dust; God; God, Nearness to; God, Word of; Humility; Huruf (letters); Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Language; Manifestations of God; Meditation; Metaphors and allegories; Mysticism; Nuqta (Point); Obligatory prayer; Obligatory prayer, Long; Paradise; Pilgrimage; Poetry; Powerlessness; Prayer; Prayers and Meditations of Bahá'u'lláh (book); Spirituality

Thoughts on the Establishment of a Permanent Bahá'í Studies Center and Research Institute, Some - Lambden,Stephen (dialogue magazine, 1988)
Present state and future possibilities of Bahá'í studies and academic curricula, and answers to various objections. Includes short compilation on the importance of scholarship.
Article originally published in Bahá'í Studies Bulletin 3:3 (September 1985). See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Research; Scholarship

Thoughts on the Ministry of the Universal House of Justice, Some - Nakhjavani,Ali (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
The position and responsibilities of the Universal House of Justice, particularly in the absence of a Guardian.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/nakhjavani_ministry.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Universal House of Justice (UHJ general); `Alí Nakhjavání

Thoughts on the Teachings of Bahá'u'lláh and the Rise of Globalism, Some - van Es,Rose (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1995)
Global thinking is replacing traditional nationalist ideologies; changes necessary for a shift to an ecologically centered ideology; merits of the Bahá’í Faith’s teachings in light of a global transformation to a world-centered mindset.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive. See also original scan.
Keywords: Environment; Globalization

Sow the Seeds of My Divine Wisdom in the Pure Soil of Thy Heart: Towards Coordinating Langs' Communicative Approach of Psychoanalysis with the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2019)
On correlating the contemporary world and the Bahá’í Revelation through the psychoanalysis of Robert Langs, who postulated that "divine wisdom" lies inherent deep within the human unconscious mind.
Mirrored with permission from http://irfancolloquia.org/u/klebel_psychoanalysis.
Keywords: Psychology

Spatial Strategies for Racial Unity - Thomas,June Manning (Bahá'í World, 2020)
On the nature and approaches of Bahá’í educational programs and community building efforts which seek, in the context of neighborhoods and villages, to raise capacity for service to humanity.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where this article is also available as HTML. Portions of this paper were previously published in “Race, Place, and Clusters: Current Visions and Possible Strategies" (2017).
Keywords: Clusters; Cultural diversity; Institute process; Minorities; Plans; Prejudice; Race; Race unity; Racism; Social action; Social and economic development; United States (documents); Us and them

Spiritual Cosmopolitanism, Transnational Migration, and the Bahá'í Faith - Miron,Layli Maria (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
Spiritual cosmopolitanism — how people can be persuaded to extend feelings of kinship beyond their own ethnic or national groups — and its principles of universal love and harmony is a key to borderless solidarity.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/1. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Cosmopolitanism; Diaspora, Persian; Migration; Refugees

Spiritual Footprints in the Sands of Time - Brogan,Kevin (Solas, 2003)
The covenantal relationship between God and humankind; the lives of the founders of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, and Buddhism; the societies in which these religions developed; and some of their common features.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 3. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Covenant; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Progressive revelation; Unity of religion; Zoroastrianism

Spiritual Foundations for an Ecologically Sustainable Society - White,Robert A. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
The basic attitudes to Nature contained within the Bahá’í writings; the emergence of an ecologically sustainable social order is linked to basic principles of the Bahá’í Faith, with the balance and cohesion of material and spiritual realities.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Environment; Nature

Spiritual Oppression in Frankenstein - Perrakis,Phyllis Sternberg (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
Comparing Shelley’s depiction of a spiritual malaise in Frankenstein with Bahá’u’lláh’s definition in the Kitáb-i-Íqán of the oppression experienced at the end of a reigning spiritual dispensation by the soul who seeks God but does not know where to look.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/6
Keywords: Equality; Frankenstein (novel); Gender; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Literature; Literature, English; Manifestations of God; Mary Shelley (author); Oppression; Psychology; Women

Spirituality in Medicine: Reflections of a Bahá'í Physician - Hatcher,Sharon Nur (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
A self-reflective piece by a family physician and educator; personal experiences and challenges with patients, students, and colleagues related to the integration of spirituality into medicine.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/470.
Keywords: Health and healing

Star of the West: Complete issues - Various (Star of the West, 1910)
Star of the West was a US Bahá’í newsletter published between 1910 and 1935.
Star of the West was one of the few ways for the western friends to receive Tablets and news about the Bahá’í Faith at that time and contains many translations of Tablets and communications which have to date not been published elsewhere. The first volume of Star of the West was published under the title of Bahai News. Some individual articles are at bahai-library.com/series/Star of the West.Add or read quotations or links pertaining to this work here.
Keywords: Periodicals; Pilgrims notes; Star of the West

Star Wars or World Peace - Posin,Dan Q. (dialogue magazine, 1986)
How a "missile defense system" might work and ways in which it would not, ramifications for achieving global peace, and discussion by Robert Bowman, the first director of the Star Wars program. No mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
See also Dr. Bowman's contemporary work, on 9/11 studies, at his website thepatriots.us (disclosure: Bowman is also a member of the group I helped found in 2003, Scientific Panel Investigating 9/11 [-J.W.]). See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Collective security; Military; Peace; Weapons

State and Society: Implications of the Most Holy Book - Hassall,Graham (The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: Studies from the First National Conference on the Holy Book, vol. 1, 1996)
The purpose of law is for the order of the world and the security of people; the Kitáb-i-Aqdas reinstates authority and renews the linkages between society, law, virtue, and spirituality; the situation in future Bahá'í states.
Mirrored with permission of author from archive.org.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); World order

Statecraft, Globalization, and Ethics - Lerche,Charles O. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
The impact of cosmopolitan morality on international statecraft in an era of globalization; globalization is a process of world economic, political, and social change; globalism is a positive, and potentially corrective, dimension of globalization.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/280.ER -

Still Lives - MacEoin,Denis (New Jerusalems: Reflections on Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Rushdie Affair, 1993)
The nature of private lives and biography in Middle Eastern culture, with brief discussion of Rushdie's Satanic Verses and the lives of Tahirih and Shoghi Effendi.
Originally published under pseudonym Daniel Easterman.
Keywords: Andaruni and biruni; Arts and crafts; Biographies (general); Criticism and apologetics; Culture, Persian; Individualism; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Middle East; Priceless Pearl (book); Privacy; Purity; Shoghi Effendi; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Veils; Women

Story of Joseph in Five Religious Traditions - Stokes,Jim (World Order, 1997)
The parable of Joseph in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and Islam. Prefaced by comments by Moojan Momen.
I've prefaced the following two articles with some notes by Moojan Momen on the symbolism of the story of Joseph. These notes were originally posted to a Wilmette Institute private listserver on the Qur'an on Jan. 17 2001, and are included with permission. See also The Story of Joseph in the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Joseph (Prophet); Judaism; Symbolism

Strategies and Processes of Social Change - Buchbinder,Howard (The Bahá'í Faith and Marxism, 1987)
The theoretical and analytic context within which Marxists approach issues of social change; Marxists believe in the notion of praxis, i.e. the linkage of social theory and social action/practice.
Keywords: Change; Marxism; Philosophy

Strategies for Spiritualization - Fotos,Sandra S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
If the spiritualization process in adults is similar to other learning tasks, then active use of learning strategies may facilitate the development of spiritual virtues; a possible cognitive, language-based pathway for spiritualization.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/111.
Keywords: Spiritualization

Styles of piety: Notes on the relationship between Bahá'í scholars and the Bahá'í institutions with reference to academic methodology - Lawson,Todd (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2003)
On the role of the scholar in the community, the phenomenon of the internet, and the institution of the Covenant, as seen in the light of the intellectual heritage of the Islamic world.
Keywords: Covenant; Criticism and apologetics; Institutions; Internet; Scholarship

Subhi Ezel Mirza Yahya ve Ezeliler (Subhi Azal Mirza Yahya and the Azalis) - Ipek,Yasin (Bilimname, 2021)
History of the Bábí community following the execution of the Bab, which split into three sectarian divisions: the Bahá'ís, the Azalis, and the Bayanis.
Mirrored from avesis.kayseri.edu.tr.
Keywords: Azali Bábís; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal)

Sul Valore Scientifico delle Profezie: Considerazioni di uno Studioso - Avaregan,Hossein (Opinioni Bahá'í, 1987)
Illustrazione del “calcolo della probabilità”, ramo della scienza matematica scoperto dal matematico Blaise Pascal, applicato alla religione.
"The scientific character of prophecies: personal scholarly reflections": An explanation of the "calculus of probability" (a branch of mathematical science discovered by the mathematician Blaise Pascal) applied to religion.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Prophecies; Science

SunWALK: A Bahá'í-inspired Model of Education - Prentice,Roger (Lights of Irfán, 2005)
A model for a spiritualizing pedagogy based on development of the individual's Caring, Creative and Critical abilities, developed within the Community (the 4Cs), inspired by the light of higher-order values.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #58, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 8-11, 2004). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/58/prentice_pedagogy.
Keywords: Curriculum; Education; Irfan Colloquia; Knowledge

Symbols of Individuation in E. S. Stevens's The Mountain of God - Rollins,Cal E. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
Stevens’s novel records impressions of the Bahá'í community in ‘Akká and Haifa in 1911. The two main characters are moving through an "individuation process" which could lead them to the Bahá'í Faith. Jungian literary criticism explains the symbolism.
See also The Mountain of God excerpts (Stevens, 1911), and see a review.
Keywords: Akka, Israel; Carl Gustav Jung; E.S. Drower (E.S. Stevens); Haifa, Israel; Literature; Literature, English; Mount Carmel; `Abdu'l-Bahá

Symbols of Transformation: The Gardens and Terraces on Mount Carmel - Afnan,Elham (Bahá'í World, 2002)
Article, with photo gallery, about the development, design, and philosophy of the terraces surrounding the Shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel in Haifa.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, in the series Bahá'í Community and Administrative System.
Keywords: Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Environment; Gardens; Haifa, Israel; Letters of the Living; Mount Carmel; Nature; Nine concentric circles; Symbolism; Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb (Haifa)

Systems Approach in the World Heritage Site Bahá'í Gardens - Jakulin,Tadeja Jere (Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, 2023)
Functioning and management of the Bahá'í gardens in harmony with the social environment, the natural surroundings, pilgrims, and tourists; the interplay between theory and the practical application of systems thinking for tourism and UNESCO heritage.
Hosted by Creative Commons at academica.turistica.si/index.php/AT-TIJ/article/view/536.
Keywords: Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Haifa, Israel; Systems theory

Tablet of Maqsúd (Lawh-i-Maqsúd): Guidance on Human Nature and Leadership - Neshati,Ramin (Lights of Irfán, 2003)
Reference to human aptitude and potential being contingent upon education; the need for a global conclave of world leaders and a common language and script; Prophets as intermediaries between God and creation; and praise for the Prophet Muhammad.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #40, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 23-26, 2002). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/40/neshati_maqsud.
Keywords: Collective security; Colonialism and imperialism; Education; History (general); Human nature; Irfan Colloquia; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Lawh-i-Maqsud (Tablet of Maqsud); Leadership; Talismans

Tablet of Patience (Surih Sabr): Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh and Selected Topics - Seddigh,Foad (Lights of Irfán, 2014)
This significant Tablet from Ridvan 1863 covers the Seal of the Prophets, appearance and presence of God, resurrection, and the Qayyum al-Asma. Includes context of Bahá'u'lláh's life and troubles during this period.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Sessions #123 and #125 (2014). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/125/seddigh_sabr.
Keywords: Attainment unto the Divine presence; Baghdad, Iraq; Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Bahá'u'lláh, Station of; Bible; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Golden calf; Hájí Muhammad-Taqi Nayrizi; Imam Husayn; Imams; Iran (documents); Iraq; Job (Bible); Metaphors and allegories; Nayriz upheaval; Nayriz, Iran; Patience; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Quran; Ridván; Samiri; Seal of the Prophets; Surih-i-Sabr or Lawh-i-Ayyub (Tablet of Patience or Tablet of Job); Upheavals; Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi)

Tablet of the Báb found in British Museum - Mathews,Loulie (Star of the West, 1931)
Anecdote about the discovery of the Star Tablet of the Báb at the British Museum in London.
Mirrored from bahai.works.
Keywords: British Museum and British Library; E. G. Browne; Lawh-i-Malikih (Tablet to Queen Victoria); London, England; Loulie A. Mathews; Tawqi'a haykal (Star Tablet of the Báb); United Kingdom; Wanden La Farge

Tablet of the Bell (Lawh-i-Náqús) of Bahá'u'lláh - Lambden,Stephen (Lights of Irfán, 2003)
Translation of and introduction to a poem by Baha'ullah using mystical language to impart a theophanic proclamation.
See also Notes about this Tablet. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/lambden_bell.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Lawh-i-Naqus (Tablet of the Bell)

Tablet of the Uncompounded Reality: Introduction - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2010)
The conflict in Islam between philosopher-mystics who adhere to the philosophy of existential oneness (wahdat al-wujud) and those who oppose this view as heresy.
See Momen's translation of this Tablet. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/momen_haqiqa. Also available in corrected Microsoft Word format, prepared by Mike Thomas (2024).
Keywords: Dualism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Lawh-i-Basítatu'l-Haqíqah (Tablet of the Uncompounded Reality); Monism; Pantheism; Philosophy; Sufism; Unity of existence (vaḥdatu’l-vujúd)

Tablet of Unity - Bahá'u'lláh (Lights of Irfán, 2001)
Refers to unities of religion, words, ritual acts, ranks, wealth, and souls.
Note: this is an early draft of the presentation, which may have been changed before publication. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/momen_unity.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Irfan Colloquia; Lawh-i-Ittihad (Tablet of Unity)

Tablet to Hardegg (Lawh-i-Hirtík): A Tablet of Bahá'u'lláh to the Templer Leader Georg David Hardegg - Lambden,Stephen; Ekbal,Kamran (Lights of Irfán, 2003)
A Tablet addressed to the German Templer/Templar leader Georg David Hardegg including the proclamation of Bahá'u'lláh as the Promised One and the return of the Father to earth.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #22, London (August 27-29, 1999). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/22/ekbal_hertik. First published in Bahá'í Studies Bulletin 2:1 (1983). See also related files and commentary on Lambden's website, and see A Study of the German Templers Movement and Its Relationship with the Bahá'í Faith (F. Izadinia, 2014).
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Christianity; Georg David Hardegg; Haifa, Israel; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Lawh-i-Hirtik (Tablet to Hardegg); Prophecies; Templer Society (German Templer colony)

Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh to Muhammad Mustafa Baghdadi - Ekbal,Kamran (Safini-yi 'Irfán 4, 2001)
Review of the tablets of Bahá'u'lláh addressed to Muhammad Mustafa Baghdadi. [article in Persian]
Title translated by google. Please contact me if you know Persian and can improve this translation. See irfancolloquia.org/u/ekbal_baghdadi.
Keywords: Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Irfan Colloquia; Muhammad Mustafa Baghdadi

Tahirih - Johnson,Lowell (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of South and West Africa, 1982)
Overview of the life of Qurratu'l-`Ayn, "Solace of the Eye," aka Zarrín-Táj, "Crown of Gold."
Also available as a Microsoft Word document.
Keywords: Biography; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj)

Tahirih, The Pure, Iran's Greatest Woman - Root,Martha L. (1938)
Life story of Tahirih, the "heroine" of the Faith of the Bab.
Keywords: Biography; Martha Root; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj)

Táhirih: A Portrait in Poetry - Banani,Amin (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2000)
An account of Tahirih allowing her own voice, through her poems, to speak for herself, her time, and her motivations; it is her poetry that both reveals the layers of her complex motivations and makes her accessible.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/116.
Keywords: Biography; Poetry; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj)

Táhirih: A Religious Paradigm of Womanhood - Maneck,Susan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
Táhirih, the Bahá'í archetypal paradigm of womanhood, is remembered by Bahá’ís as the courageous, eloquent, and assertive religious innovator whose actions severed the early Bábís from Islam completely.
See also Commentary (Cundall, 1992).
Keywords: Equality; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Women

Tales of Magnificent Heroism: The Impact of the Báb and His Followers on Writers and Artists - Weinberg,Robert (Bahá'í World, 2019)
This concise survey explores how this particular episode in humanity’s religious history resonated so strongly through the decades that followed.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, which includes illustrations, not included in the PDF below, of individuals discussed in the article (part of the collection Arts, Culture & the Media).
Keywords: Appreciations; Biography; Báb, The; Bábísm; Charlotte Despard; Comte de Gobineau; E. G. Browne; Introductory; Iran (documents); Isabella Grinevskaya; Jules Bois; Laura Clifford Barney; Leo Tolstoy (author); Mark Tobey; Matthew Arnold; Muhammad Iqbal (poet); Mírzá Habib-i-Shirazi; Robert Hayden; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Thomas Kelly Cheyne (T. K. Cheyne); William Michael Rossetti

Teaching the Faith in Australia 1963-1975: Personal Recollections - Moani,Hedi (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
Recollections of Melbourne Australia 1963-65; Geelong and the formation of the first LSA 1965-1968; the International Conference in Sydney 1967; Perth 1968-1970; youth club at the University of Melbourne; pioneering at Alice Springs and Darwin.
See also the rest of this issue.
Keywords: Australia; Biography; Teaching

Technology, Values, and the Shaping of Social Reality - Weinberg,Matthew (Bahá'í World, 2019)
On a Bahá'í view on technology, its role in advancing civilization, the critical issue of technological choice and its mechanisms, consultative processes, and the case of the Internet.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Ethics; Internet; Reality; Technology

Temiar religions, 1994–2008 - Benjamin,Geoffrey (2011)
A study of the rise and decline of the Baha’i Faith amongst the Temiars of Malaysia. Link to paper (offsite).
Paper presented at the International Conference on Religion in Southeast Asian Politics: Resistance, Negotiation and Transcendence (Singapore, 12 December 2008), an extension of the author's PhD dissertation "Temiar Religion" (Cambridge, 1967), and soon to be published as a chapter in the author's book Temiar Religion 1964–2008 (Singapore: NUS Press, forthcoming).ER -

Ten Year Retrospective, 24 July 2023 - Executive Committee of the Association for Bahá'í Studies North America (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2023)
Retrospective outlining some of the ABS' key developments over the last ten years in response to the invitation of the Universal House of Justice to help build “the capacity of the friends to contribute to the prevalent discourses of society”.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Canada; Public discourse (discourses of society); Research; United States (documents)

Textual Context and Literary Criticism: A Case Study based on a Letter from Shoghi Effendi - Keil,Gerald C. (Lights of Irfán, 2010)
The importance of systematic analysis of the written word prior to the process of exegesis to achieve clarity from the very start; textual questions; a specific example.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #77 in German, Tambach, Germany (July 19-22, 2007). First published in German in Beiträge des 'Irfán-Kolloquiums 2007/8, volume 5 under the title "Textzusammenhang und Kritik: Ein Fallbeispiel anhand eines Briefes von Shoghi Effendi," 2009. Translated into English by the author. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/77/keil_auslegung.
Keywords: Badi calendar; Iran (documents); Irfan Colloquia; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Naw-Rúz; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Tehran, Iran; Universal House of Justice

Textual Resurrection: Book, Imám, and Cosmos in the Qur'án Commentaries of the Báb - Brown,Vahid (Lights of Irfán, 2004)
on the notions of textuality underlying the Báb's Qur'ánic commentaries; the history of Qur'ánic commentary in Islam as context; the Báb's readings of the Qur'án as 'messianic performances'.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #53, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 27-30, 2004). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/53/brown_text.
Keywords: Báb, Writings of; Commentaries; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Quran

Thankful in Adversity: Using Bahá'í Writings and Benefit Finding to Enhance Understanding and Application of Mental Health Recovery Principles - Dykema,Lindsay-Rose (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
Both the Bahá’í Writings and the literature on "benefit finding" can enhance the understanding and applications of mental health recovery principles; the spiritual dimension of recovery.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/245. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Health and healing; Mental health; Psychology; Tests and difficulties

1844 Ottoman 'Edict of Toleration' in Bahá'í Secondary Literature, The - Sours,Michael W. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
This edict, issued the year the Bahá'í era began, permitted Jews to return to Palestine. The return of Jews to the Holy Land was thought by Christians to be an event anticipated by biblical prophecy, heralding the Second Advent of Christ.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/446
Keywords: 1844; Christianity; Edict of Toleration (1844); History (general); Interfaith dialogue; Israel; Jews; Judaism; Palestine; Prophecies

1893 Russian Publication of Baha'u'llah's Last Will and Testament, The: An Academic Attestation of 'Abdu'l-Baha's Successorship - Buck,Christopher; Ioannesyan,Youli A. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2017)
On the content of the Kitab-i-Ahdi, its manuscript history, and textual variants; Andalib's eyewitness account of its unveiling; Tumanski's scholarly work; contemporary attestation of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's successorship by Tumanski and other Russian notables.
See also Posledneye Slovo Bekha-Ully [Bahá'u'lláh's Last Word]. Purchase online from the publisher, ingentaconnect.com. Also posted by author at academia.edu. While the date shown on the PDF is 2013, actual publication was 2017.
Keywords: Alexander Tumansky; Andalib (poet); Covenant; Eyewitnesses; Kitáb-i-Ahd (Book of the Covenant); Will and Testament of Bahá'u'lláh

Active Force and That Which Is Its Recipient, The: A Bahá'í View of Creativity - Johnson,Rick (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2017)
On creativity and the pervasive nature of this concept in Bahá’í thought. The universe is coded to be creative; it exists in a perpetually generative, dynamic state and that creativity is the fundamental reality of the universe.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/224. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Creation; Creativity; Philosophy

Age of Anxiety and the Century of Light, The: Twentieth-Century Literature, the Poet's Mission, and the Vision of World Unity - Bushrui,Suheil Badi (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2003)
W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, and Kahlil Gibran were writers who recognized and confronted the spiritual and intellectual crisis of their time. The mission of the poet is to bear witness, maintain the integrity of language, and express truths.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/103.
Keywords: 20th century; Arts and crafts; Literature; Literature, English; Poetry

American Bahá'í Community in the Nineties, The - Stockman,Robert (America's Alternative Religions, 1995)
Overview of the American Bahá'í community in the 1990s: contemporary issues; priorities and concerns; the Bahá'í impact on American society; the future and social turmoil.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; United States (documents)

Anatomy of Figuration, The: Maimonides' Exegesis of Natural Convulsions in Apocalyptic Texts (Guide II.29) - Buck,Christopher (Sephardic Heritage Update, 2020)
Insights of medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides on figurative language and symbolic exegesis in his book The Guide for the Perplexed. The Bahá'í Faith is mentioned in the Introduction; some interpretations are similar to concepts from the Iqan.
Keywords: Apocalypse; Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Judaism; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Maimonides; Messianism; Metaphors and allegories; Philosophy; Prophecies; Symbolism

"Angle of Ascent", The: Process and Achievement in the Work of Robert Hayden - Boyles,Ann (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Hayden's poetry explores the process of individual and collective social and spiritual transformation in the contexts of contemporary culture, the Bahá'í Faith, black history, art, literature, nature, disease, and suffering.
Keywords: Poetry; Robert Hayden

Anti-Bahá'í Campaign, The - Akhavi,Shahrough (Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: Clergy-State Relations in the Pahlavi Period, 1980)
Detailed historical account of the 1955 persecutions in Iran.
Also available as a Microsoft Word document and as a PDF scan of the original pages. Footnotes are missing from the HTML below, but are in the PDF.

Archeology of the Kingdom of God, The - Lepain,Jean-Marc (2015)
Analysis of the spiritual worlds as depicted in philosophical and religious texts, from ancient the Greek to Jewish, Christian and Muslim thought, contrasted with the theosophy, metaphysics, anthropology, and hermeneutics of Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá.
This electronic publication is with the permission of the author, the translator, and the publisher Kalimat Press. See original publication, in French, at bahai-biblio.org.
Keywords: Abhá Kingdom; Alam-i-Mithal (World of images); Alchemy; Arabic language; Aramaic language; Archetypes; Certitude; Cosmology; Cosmology; God; God, Worlds of; Hermeneutics; Interpretation; Islam; Judaism; Kabbalah; Language; Lawh-i Haqqun-Nas (Tablet of the Right of the People); Lawh-i-Kullu't-Ta'ám (Tablet of All Food); Life after death (afterlife); Life after death (afterlife); Manifestations of God; Metaphysics; Mysticism; Neoplatonism; Ontology; Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Philosophy, Islamic; Psychology; Quran; Search; Sharh-i Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyan (Commentary on the tradition of the Hidden Treasure); Shaykhism; Spiritualization; Sufism; Theosophy; Translation

Architectures of Thinking, The - Segura,Jordi Vallverdu; Nakano,Josuke (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Sacred architectures play a role in shaping cognition — which results from the relationships between the subject and their surroundings. By sharing an environment and its relationships, members of a community define their values, attitudes, and "reality."
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/5518. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Architecture; Arts and crafts; Buddhism; Built environment and urban planning; Calamities and catastrophes; Change; Christianity; Climate change; Community (general); Cultural diversity; Dualism; Emptiness; Environment; Ethics; Europe; God; Interfaith dialogue; Japan; Light; Monism; Nature; Nothingness; Ontology; Philosophy; Politics; Psychology; Religion (general); Shintoism; Sociology; Temples; Unity

Aristotelian Substratum of the Bahá'í Writings, The - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2003)
There is a pervasive and far-reaching congruence of Aristotle and the Bahá’í Writings. This Aristotelian substratum makes it is possible to resolve many apparent paradoxes in the Writings.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #42, London (July 19-21, 2002). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/42/kluge_aristotelian.
Keywords: Aristotle; Contradictions; Criticism and apologetics; God; Irfan Colloquia; Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Proofs; Science; Soul

Art of Rhetoric in the Writings of Shoghi Effendi, The - McLean,Jack (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
Outline and illustration of six defining elements of Shoghi Effendi's rhetorical art, which show both classical and particular or atypical uses.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #60, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 26-29, 2005). This is an updated version of the Lights of Irfan paper, published as chapter eight, “Rhetoric: The Language of Persuasion,” in A Celestial Burning: The Writings of Shoghi Effendi. See earlier version at irfancolloquia.org/60/mclean_rhetoric.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Rhetoric; Shoghi Effendi; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Style (Writings)

Artist and the Grammarian, The - Rogers,Otto Donald (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2009)
On the process and meaning of creating art; its effect on the mind and the brain, the nature of painting; spiritual foundations of the natural world.
27th Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lecture. Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/147.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Creation; Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lectures; Internet

Atlanta Bahá'í Community and Race Unity, The: 1909-1950 - McMullen,Michael (World Order, 1995)
History of the Bahá'í faith in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, a city whose Bahá'í community dates back almost to the earliest beginnings of the Bahá'ís in the United States.
Article corrected, formatted, and mirrored with permission from a rough version posted at bahaindex.com, with later additions by Don Calkins.
Keywords: Atlanta, GA; Bahá'í history by country; Georgia, USA; Race; United States (documents); Unity

Atypical international status of the Holy See, The - Bathon,Matthew N. (Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 2001)
Political nature of the Vatican; includes discussion of the Bahá'ís and Bahá'í international organization
Author note: Matthew N. Bathon, J.D. Candidate 2001, Vanderbilt University Law School; B.S., University of Evansville. Mirrored from highbeam.com (formerly elibrary.com).
Keywords: Papacy; Popes; Vatican City

Australian-New Zealand Bahá'í Connections, The - Carr,David Brown (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
History and relationship of the early Australian and New Zealand Bahá'í communities, the magazine Herald of the South, and some brief biographies.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Australia; Bahá'í history by country; Biography; Herald of the South (magazine); New Zealand

Authority of the Feminine and Fatima's Place in an Early Work by the Bab, The - Lawson,Todd (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
While Tahirih inspired many in Europe and eventually America, she is very much a daughter of her own culture, history, mythology, and religion. She was a religious mystic who felt a new day arising in the world, and seen by some as the "return" of Fatima.
First published in The Most Learned of the Shi‘a: The Institution of the Marja‘ Taqlid, ed. Linda Walbridge (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 94-127; see lawson_authority_feminine_2001.pdf.
Keywords: Alast (Primordial Covenant); Báb, Writings of; Fatimah (daughter of Muhammad); Gender; God, Worlds of; Henry Corbin; Hurqalya; Imams; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Return; Shaykhism; Shia Islam (Shiism); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Typology; Women

Ayatollahs and Democracy in Iraq, The - Cole,Juan (ISIM Paper #7, 2006)
Clerical participation within Iraq's emerging democracy. Does not mention the Bahá'í Faith.ER -

Azálí-Bahá'í Crisis of September, 1867, The - Cole,Juan (Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements, and the Babi-Bahá'í Faiths, 2004)
On the history of a fateful weekend during which the Bábí movement in the nineteenth-century Middle East was definitively split into the Bahá'í and Azalí religions.
Online at scribd.com.
Keywords: Azali Bábís; Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Challenges (confrontations); Bahá'í history; Bábí history; Covenant; Edirne, Turkey; Most Great Separation; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Turkey

Báb and 'Alí Muhammad, Islamic and Post-Islamic, The: Multiple Meanings in the Writings of Sayyid 'Alí Muhammad Shírází (1819-1850) - Heern,Zackery Mirza (Religions, 2023)
Writings of the Báb can be understood as a commentary on the Qur'án, the original Qur'án, and divine revelation; the metaphors and symbolism of Gate (Báb), Remembrance (Dhikr), and Point (Nuqtah). Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/3/334, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats.
Keywords: Báb (Gate); Báb (Gate); Báb, The; Báb, Writings of; Dhikr (Remembrance); Hidden Imam; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Metaphors and allegories; Nuqta (Point); Qayyumul-Asma (book); Shia Islam (Shiism)

Bab and Babeeism, The: Part 1 - Arbuthnot,Robert K. (Contemporary Review, 1869)
Part one of an early, relatively lengthy overview of Bábí theology and history.
See also Part Two.
Keywords: Bábísm; Comte de Gobineau; Mírzá Kazem-Beg

Bab and Babeeism, The: Part 2 - Arbuthnot,Robert K. (Contemporary Review, 1969)
Part two of an early, relatively lengthy overview of Bábí history and theology.
See also Part One.
Keywords: Bábísm; Comte de Gobineau; Mírzá Kazem-Beg

Bab and the Babis, The - Sell,Edward (Essays on Islam, 1901)
An early account of the Babis and Bahá'ís.
This entire book is available online in a variety of formats at archive.org. See also Word document.
Keywords: Bábísm

Bab in the World of Images, The - Ma'sumian,Bijan; Masumian,Adib (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2013)
History of the portraits drawn of the Bab, especially that of Aqa Bala Bayg of Shishvan, the only artist who actually met the Bab.
Keywords: Aqa Bala-Big Naqqash-bashi; Báb, Portrait of; Báb, The; Portraits

Báb on the Rights of Women, The - Zabihi-Moghaddam,Siyamak (Religions, 2023)
Statements of the Báb on issues such as mutʿah and tahlíl marriages, polygyny, bridal consent, divorce and spousal relations, and their significance for the rights of women in Muslim juridical opinions and social customs. Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/6/705, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats.
Keywords: Abuse; Báb, Laws of; Equality; Gender; Human rights; Iran (documents); Laws; Marriage; Women

Báb's Bayan, The: An Analytical Survey - Afnan,Muhammad (World Order, 2000)
Analysis of the Bayan and its contents: fundamental beliefs and worldview, moral principles, laws, administration of society, and future expectations.
Translation and update of essay originally published in French in Encyclopedie philosophique universelle (1992).
Keywords: Bayan-i-Arabi (Arabic Bayan); Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); Báb, Writings of; Bábísm; Outlines and summaries

Báb's Epistle on the Spiritual Journey towards God, The - Lawson,Todd (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
A preliminary translation and discussion of the Bab's Risála fi's-Sulúk, one of his earliest extant compositions. It provides a brief discussion of the mystic quest, and sheds light on the Báb's relationship to the Shaykhi movement and to Sayyid Kázim.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #30, Louhelen Bahá'í School (October 6-8, 2000). Republished in The Bahá'í Faith and the World's Religions, ed. Moojan Momen (George Ronald, 2005); see lawson_babs_epistle_2005.pdf.Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/30/lawson_epistle.See also the Arabic text, at h-net.org/~bahai/trans/vol2/suluk/suluktr.htm.
Keywords: Báb, Writings of; God; Hadith; Hadith of Kumayl; Imam Ali; Imams; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Journey (spiritual); Mysticism; Quran; Risala fis-Suluk (Journey towards God); Spirituality

Babi and Bahá'í community of Iran, The: A case of 'suspended genocide'? - Momen,Moojan (Journal of Genocide Research, 2005)
A description of the four phases of the persecutions that the Babis and Baha’is in Iran have suffered (the Babis, the early Bahá'ís, during the Pahlavi dynasty, and following the 1979 Islamic revolution) and how they fit in with categories of genocide.
Keywords: Genocide; Iran (documents); Iran, Bahá'í history; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Babi Concept of Holy War, The - MacEoin,Denis (Religion, 1982)
An influential and controversial article, one of the first modern academic examinations of Bábí history. Discusses Islamic jihad, Bábí jihad, martyrdom, and political struggles.
See follow-up discussions of this article listed at Debates between MacEoin et al., specifically a critique of this article. See also Dying for God: Martyrdom in the Shii and Babi Religions (J. Winters, 1996).
Keywords: Bábísm; Criticism and apologetics; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Jihad (Holy war); Martyrdom

Babi Movement, The: A Resource Mobilization Perspective - Smith,Peter; Momen,Moojan (In Iran: Studies in Babi and Bahá'í History vol. 3, 1986)
Babism from a sociological standpoint, esp. the place of the Babis in their contemporary cultural and economic classes.
Keywords: Báb, The; Bábísm; Iran (documents); Letters of the Living; Mírzá Asadullah Fadil-i-Mazandarani; Shaykhism; Sociology; Zuhur al-Haqq (Zuhurul-Haqq)

Bábí Uprising in Zanjan, The - Walbridge,John (Iranian Studies, 1996)
A study of the Bábí uprising in Zanjan in 1850, examining the social, economic, and political background as well as the motivations of both the Bábís and their opponents.
See also the author's Document and Narrative Sources for the History of the Battle of Zanjan. Included in author's compilation Essays and Notes on Bábí and Bahá'í History. Mirrored with permission from www.h-net.org.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Upheavals; Zanjan upheaval; Zanjan, Iran

Bábí-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsí, The - Zabihi-Moghaddam,Siyamak (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2004)
Analysis of first of four major clashes between the Bábís and the Qájár state from 1848-1853. The Bábís were not intent on revolt; factors include the increased public hostility toward the Bábís, their understanding of holy war, and political instability.
See also the lecture The Babi-State Conflicts of 1848-1853 (audio). See also a version of this article published in Iranian Studies (2002).
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Shaykh Tabarsí siege

Bábí-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi, The - Zabihi-Moghaddam,Siyamak (Iranian Studies, 2002)
On the background and events of the Shaykh Tabarsi conflict; developments, both in the political sphere and within the Bábí community, that led to the outbreak of open warfare in 1848; and objectives of the Bábí participants in the conflict.
See also the lecture The Babi-State Conflicts of 1848-1853 (audio). See also a version of this article published in Journal of Bahá'í Studies (2004). PDF below created from Microsoft Word version by Mike Thomas (2022); see also original scan.
Keywords: Bábí history; Iran (documents); Shaykh Tabarsí siege

Babis, The - Heckethorn,Charles William (The Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries, 1897)
Neutral-to-sympathetic overview of: The Bab, the founder; progress of Babism; Bábí doctrine; recent history of Babism.
Online at books.google.com.
Keywords: Bábísm

Babis, The - Sell,Edward (The Church Missionary Intelligencer, 1896)
An early 10-page overview of Bábí history and beliefs, published in a monthly journal of missionary information.
Keywords: Bábí history

Bábís of Persia, The: I. Sketch of Their History, and Personal Experiences amongst Them - Browne,E. G. (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1889)
Results of Browne's investigations into the doctrines, history, and circumstances of this "most remarkable" religious phenomenon, and outline of things yet to be studied.
See also The Babis of Persia II: Their Literature and Doctrines.
Keywords: Báb, The; Bábí history; E. G. Browne

Bábís of Persia, The: II. Their Literature and Doctrines - Browne,E. G. (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1889)
Overview of Bábí literature and doctrine.
See also The Babis of Persia I: Sketch of Their History, and Personal Experiences amongst Them.
Keywords: Báb, The; Báb, Writings of; Bábí history; E. G. Browne

Background and Centrality of Apophatic Theology in Bábí and Bahá'í Scripture, The - Lambden,Stephen (Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1997)
History of the theological position of the incomprehensibility-unknowability of God in past major Abrahamic religions and its importance and significance for contemporary Bahá'ís.
This is an updated version of the paper that appeared in Reason and Revelation. If any fonts or symbols do not display properly, see Lambden's original version. Mirrored with permission from www.hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk, and with permission of publisher.
Keywords: Apophatic theology; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Báb, Writings of; Christianity; Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh (letter); God; God, Knowledge of; God, Names of; God, Worlds of; Greatest Name; Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); He is God (Invocation); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Javáhiru'l-Asrár (Gems of Divine Mysteries); Judaism; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Lawh-i-Kullu't-Ta'ám (Tablet of All Food); Lawh-i-Kímíya II or Lawh-i-Máríyyih (Tablet on Alchemy II or Tablet of Mary); Madínatu't-Tawhíd (City of Unity); Manifestations of God; Neoplatonism; Philosophy, Christian; Philosophy, Islamic; Philosophy, Jewish; Revisioning the Sacred (book); Some Answered Questions (book); Tablet to Auguste Forel; Tafsir-i Bayti az Sadi (Commentary on a Verse of Sadi); Tafsir-i-Hú (Commentary on the phrase He Is (God)); Theology; Veils

Bahá'í 'Race Amity' Movement and the Black Intelligentsia in Jim Crow America, The: Alain Locke and Robert Abbott - Buck,Christopher (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2011)
W. E. B. Du Bois, Alain L. Locke and Robert S. Abbott, ranked as the 4th, 36th and 41st most influential in African American history, all expressed interest in the Baha’i ethic of world unity, from family to international relations, and social crisis.
See also a presentation on this same topic. Mirrored with permission from christopherbuck.com.
Keywords: African Americans; Alain Locke; Chicago Defender (newspaper); Race; Race amity; Race unity; Robert S. Abbott; United States (documents); W.E.B. Du Bois; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of (documents)

Bahá'í Community and Health Promotion, The: The Message and the Metaphor - Phillips,Robert (dialogue magazine, 1986)
There may be a connection between spiritual development and physical health, which is not often recognized in contemporary medicine. Lifestyle changes which improve health can be promoted by religious principles.
See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Health and healing; Lifestyle; Science; Social and economic development

Bahá'í Community as a Learning Organisation, The - Steiner,Roy (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
How a knowledge management system focussed on assisting individuals, communities and institutions could improve their success. Followed by commentaries by Kambiz Maani and Svenja Tams.
Commentaries by Kambiz Maani and Svenja Tams published in Bahá'í Studies Review, vol. 7 (1997)
Keywords: Growth; Knowledge; Learning

Bahá'í Community in Edinburgh, 1946-1950, The - Velasco,Ismael (Bahá'ís in the West, 2004)
Historical context of the rise of the Bahá'í community in Scotland, community development, diffusion of Bahá'í literature, and statistics of Bahá'í membership in Scotland as of 1997.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Edinburgh, Scotland; Scotland

Bahá'í Community of Ashkhabad, The: Its Social Basis and Importance in Bahá'í History - Momen,Moojan (Cultural Change and Continuity in Central Asia, 1991)
Origin and history of the Bahá'ís in Ishqabad (Ashgabat) in Turkistan, analysis of the social composition of this community, and its importance of in terms of the rest of the Bahá'í world.
This article was presented at a conference "Cultural Change and Continuity in Central Asia" and the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, in April 1987. The layout is exactly as in the book. This article has been scanned and may contained errors due to the process of scanning and optical character recognition. Mirrored with permission from www.momen.org/contents.htm.
Keywords: Ashgabat; Bahá'í history by country; Turkmenistan

Bahá'í Community of Canada, The - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1997)

Bahá'í Community of Canada, The: A Case Study in the Transplantation of Non-Western Religious Movements to Western Societies - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, 1898-1948, 1996)
The origins and early life of the Bahá'í community in Canada as a sociological case study in the transplantation of non-Western faiths into Western settings.
This article is extracted from the author's The Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada, 1898-1948. It is also an early draft of an article which later appeared in two different edited forms, one in the Journal of Bahá'í Studies 7:3 (1997), online as hoonaard_bahai_community_canada_jbs.pdf (see also bahaistudies.ca), and one in ARC: The Journal of the Faculty of Religious Studies (McGill University, issue 24: 97-118). See also author's account of his experience researching and writing a study of this magnitude in Inside The Origins of the Bahá'í Community of Canada: A Personal Narrative.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Canada; Canada; Cultural diversity; Culture, Western; Growth; Sociology

Bahá'í Community of Iran, The: Patterns of Exile and Problems of Communication - Momen,Moojan (Iranian Refugees and Exiles Since Khomeini, 1991)
An examination of the causes and patterns of migrations of Iranian Bahá'ís.
This article was published in Iranian Refugees and Exiles Since Khomeini (edited by Asghar Fathi, Department of Sociology, University of Calgary), Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, California, 1991, pp. 21-36. The layout is as in the book. This article has been scanned and may contained errors due to the process of scanning and optical character recognition. Mirrored with permission from www.momen.org/contents.htm.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Communication; Exile (banishment); Iran (documents); Iran, Bahá'í history; Migration; Persecution; Pilgrimage

Bahá'í Contribution to Cosmopolitan International Relations Theory, The - Mooten,Nalinie N. (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
Bahá’í concepts of global governance, unity in diversity, and ethical reform as contributions to a cosmopolitan International Relations theory.
See another version of this paper, delivered as a lecture, and see the author's thesis on this topic. Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Bahá'í International Community; Cosmopolitanism; Ethics; Globalization; International relations; Lesser Peace; Peace; United Nations; Unity; World citizenship; World order

Bahá'í Covenant, The - Nakhjavani,Ali (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
The continuing importance of the Bahá'í concept of the Covenant and its implications to an understanding of Bahá'í history; misconceptions about the covenant; covenant-breakers; the passing of Shoghi Effendi without writing a will or testament.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/nakhjavani_covenant
Keywords: Covenant; Irfan Colloquia; `Alí Nakhjavání

Bahá'í Educational Project, The: Towards a Universal System of Education - Bookwalter,Wm. Keith (2000)
Interpretation of guidance in the Baha' writings to formulate a method of using Bahá'í deepening and training materials that utilize research-based learning, teaching, and curriculum theory, both deductive and inductive, beyond institute-style courses.
See also the Spanish translation El proyecto educacional Bahá'í, and see Social Responsibility and Community Development: Lessons from the Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial in Honduras (Honeyman, 2010).
Keywords: Curriculum; Education

Baha'i Faith, The - Bach,Marcus (They Have Found a Faith, 1946)
An outsider's view of the Bahá'í community from a "faith-based" perspective.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Introductory; Marcus Bach

Bahá'í Faith 1957-1988, The: A Survey of Contemporary Developments - Smith,Peter; Momen,Moojan (Religion, 1989)
A general account of developments in the Bahá'í Faith during these three decades.
Also available in PDF format, mirrored from academia.edu.
Keywords: Bahá'í history; Expansion; Growth; Statistics

Bahá'í Faith and Globalization 1900-1912, The - Stockman,Robert (Bahá'í and Globalisation, 2005)
Abdu’l-Baha’s thinking inspired much of the practice of Baha’i proselytising; overview of the practical activism of the early American Baha’is and the mutual bonds of assistance between the Baha’i communities of North America and Iran.
Mirrored from kamalacademy.org.
Keywords: Canada; Globalization; Iran (documents); Teaching; United States (documents); `Abdu'l-Bahá

Bahá'í Faith and Its Relationship to Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, The: A Brief History - Berry,Adam (International Social Science Review, 2004)
Bahá'í history in Iran and America; relationship with Christian missionaries in Iran and Christian converts in America; Jewish responses to the Faith.
Written as an undergraduate student of Middle Eastern Studies and Political Science at Emory University. PDF mirrored from nhbahais.com, HTML from highbeam.com.
Keywords: Christianity; Conversion; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Israel; Judaism; Opposition; Persecution, Iran; Prophecies; Sociology; Teaching; United States (documents); Zoroastrianism

Bahá'í Faith and Peace Psychology, The: The Potential for Science and Religion to Collaborate - Diessner,Rhett (Peace Psychology Bulletin, 1994)
On the potential for Bahá’í peace initiatives, coupled with empirical peace psychology approaches, regarding: ethnicity and peace, feminism and peace, and peace and education.
Keywords: Education; Equality; Ethnicity; Gender; Peace; Psychology; Race; Unity; Unity in diversity; Women

Baha'i Faith and the Environment, The - Landau,Richard (Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change volume 5: Social and Economic Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, 2002)
Participation of the Bahá'í International Community in UN-sponsored development and environmental initiatives for resolving the difficult challenges before humanity.
Keywords: Environment; Nature; Sustainable development

Bahá'í Faith and the Equality, Rights, and Advancement of Women, The: A Survey of Principles, Praxis, and Discourse - Momen,Wendi (Religions, 2023)
Equality of women and men; education, advancement, and rights of women and girls; their application within the Bahá’í community; Bahá'í individual and institutional efforts to influence the international discourse on women. Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/4/491, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats.
Keywords: Abuse; Education; Equality; Gender; Human rights; Leadership; Statistics; Universal House of Justice, Membership on; Women

Bahá'í Faith and the Market Economy, The - Rassekh,Farhad (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
Bahá'í teachings relevant to the market system as described in classical economics and the roles of self-interest and morality in economic life; human beings are naturally endowed with a desire to better their lives.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/119.
Keywords: Economics

Bahá'í Faith and the Perennial Mystical Quest, The: A Western Perspective - Savi,Julio (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2007)
Mysticism is an intrinsic aspect of the Bahá'í Faith and mystical experience as formulated by William Ralph Inge and as expounded in the Bahá'í writings, emphasizing its practical and logical aspects; criticisms of mysticism; a Bahá'í mystical path.
In March 2006 the NSA of the United Kingdom suspended the "Association for Bahá'í Studies (English-speaking Europe)" and replaced it with the "Association for Bahá'í Studies (United Kingdom)". At that time the Bahá'í Studies Review was given a new editorial board and a new publisher, Intellect, and housed at atypon-link.com where this article was provided as a free download. BSR has moved to yet a third website, ingentaconnect.com, which no longer offers this PDF online.
Keywords: Mysticism

Bahá'í Faith and the Singapore Women's Movement, The: Challenges for the Next Millennium - Chew,Phyllis Ghim-Lian (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1999)
On the relationship between religion and the fight for women's rights after the founding of the Singapore Council of Women; the interplay between gender, religion and the women's movement; challenges for the next millennium with regards to equality.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 4.
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Singapore; Women

Bahá'í Faith and Traditional Societies, The: Exploring Universes of Discourse - Momen,Moojan (dialogue magazine, 1987)
How misunderstandings can arise between pioneers and the cultures they've moved to; traditional vs. modern ways of communication, and the dynamics of conversion.
See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Communication; Conversion; Cultural diversity; Pioneering

Baha'í Faith and Wicca, The: A Comparison of Relevance in Two Emerging Religions - Osborn,Lil (Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies, 2009)
On the growth of the Baha’i Faith and Wicca in Britain, compared through the lens of the "Theory of Relevance" as the driving force in their further development.
Paper first presented at the 2008 International Conference, London, UK. Also available in Microsoft Word format.
Keywords: Esotericism; Occultism; Paganism; Wicca

Baha'i Faith in Europe, The - Fazel,Seena (2020)
Overview of the history of the Faith in Europe; its beginnings in Paris, London, and Stuttgart; Abdu'l-Bahá's visits; notable European Bahá'ís; themes of European community life; membership statistics.
Written for publication in a handbook edited by R. Stockman (forthcoming). See also Fazel's 100 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Europe (1998).
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Europe; Statistics

Bahá'í Faith in Kansas 1897-1947, The - Herrmann,Duane L. (Community Histories: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1992)
An introduction to the first half century of the Kansas Bahá'í community, with unique insight into their patterns of growth and inactivity.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Kansas, USA; United States (documents)

Bahá'í Faith in the Arabic Speaking Middle East, The: Part 1 (1753-1863) - Zeine,Ramsey (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
Bábí and early Bahá'í links to the Arab world and the Arabic language; the identity of the Faith is a fusion of Persian and Arab origins.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #62, Centre for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 8-12, 2005). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/62/zeine_arabic.
Keywords: Arabic language; Baghdad, Iraq; Bahá'u'lláh, Titles of; Báb, The; Báb, Writings of; Iraq; Irfan Colloquia; Middle East; Muhammad Mustafa Baghdadi; Mulla Ali Bastami; Names and titles; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'i; Shaykh Muhammad-i-Shibl; Sheikh Jaafar Al-Tahhan; Surat Al-Arab (Surah of the Arabs); Youth (title); Zia Bagdadi

Bahá'í Faith in the West, The: A Survey - Smith,Peter (Bahá'ís in the West, 2004)
General account of the development and expansion of the Faith in Europe and North America 1894-1994, including distribution and social composition of contemporary communities. Includes Foreword to the volume.
See more at the author's website, icpetermahidol.wordpress.com. Also available as uncorrected Word document: smith_faith_west_survey.doc [5MB].
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Europe; Expansion; Growth; Sociology; United States (documents)

Bahá'í Faith Seen through the Eyes of Major Encyclopedias, The - Fazel,Seena (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Overview of some themes and organization/structure common to articles about Bahá'í topics published in encyclopedias; includes a list of references to the Bahá’í Faith in major encyclopedias (as of 1992).
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Encyclopedias

Bahá'í Faith, The: Sect or Religion? - Schaefer,Udo (Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
Lengthy study defining the distinguishing features of the Bahá'í Faith as contrasted with other contemporary religious movements.
Article also posted at the ABS monograph series page. (Permission to cross-post given by ABS editor in 1997 when I built the first bahai-studies.ca website. -J.W.)See also review by Roger Lapointe.
Keywords: Bahá'í Faith, Sect, NRM or World Religion; Introductory

Bahá'í House of Worship, The: Localization and Universal Form - Hassall,Graham (Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production, 2012)
On the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár in Bahá'í thought and practice; interplay between the universal specifications for this architectural form and its enculturation in regional settings: European, African, Oceanic, Asian, and American.
Mirrored with permission from academia.edu. See also brill.com/view/title/20960, and see more excerpts from this book at books.google.com.
Keywords: Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship)

Bahá'í Movement, with Some Recollections of Meetings with Abdul Baha, The - Holbach,Maude M. (The Nineteenth Century and After, 1915)
Overview of Bábí and Bahá'í history, and an account of a multi-day visit with Abdu'l-Bahá.
Keywords: Pilgrims notes; `Abdu'l-Bahá