Remembrance of God, The: An Invocation Technique in Sufism and the Writings of The Báb and Bahá'u'lláh - Scholl,Steven (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1983)
Dhikru'lláh, the invocation or "remembrance" of God, is a Sufi technique of chanting or repeating prayers, divine names, or mantras to achieve heightened spiritual consciousness or a sense of mystical union. Includes commentary by Moojan Momen et al.
See discussion by Peter Smith, Stephen Lambden, Juan Cole, and Moojan Momen at end.
Keywords: Allahumma; Alláh-u-Abhá; Attainment unto the Divine presence; Dhikr (Remembrance); Genuflections; Greatest Name; Meditation; Mysticism; Obligatory prayer; Prayer; Purpose of life; Remembrance; Sufism; Transformation; Words and phrases

Revivification of the Buddha's Dharma, The - Fozdar,Jamshed K. (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
The unrivaled impact of the Buddha's teachings upon Asian spirituality, his fundamental motivations, and the recurrence of the "Buddha-rising" — the returning advent of the Divine Teacher, the Maitreya-Amitabha.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 2.
Keywords: Buddhism; Interfaith dialogue; Prophecies

Right to Development Assistance, and the Duty to Contribute, The: A Case Study from Zambia - Hedley,Darren (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
On the experiences of a poverty reduction program implemented in Zambia by an international NGO, CARE, and the policy process whereby it sought to enshrine the principle of rights being matched by responsibilities.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.ER -

Right to Education, The: The Case of the Bahá'ís in Iran - Tahririha-Danesh,Tahirih (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
On the ongoing harassment of Bahá’í students and educators resulting from the state-sponsored religious intolerance of the post-revolution government in Iran.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Human rights; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Iran

Rise and Fall of the Parliament of Religions at Greenacre, The - Richardson,Robert P. (The Open Court, 1931)
Background of the first parliament and Chicago Columbian Exposition and the role of Sarah Farmer and other Bahá'ís in bringing it to fruition, written from an unsympathetic outsider's perspective. Not yet proofread.
See also a contemporary overview Introduction to Green Acre Bahá'í School, an excerpt from Neely's History of the Parliament of Religions, and an unsympathetic earlier letter to the editor about Sarah Farmer. On the Chicago Exposition, see wikipedia. Also available in Microsoft Word format prepared by E. Jones (2023). This document is online in a variety of formats at archive.org.
Keywords: Eliot, ME; Green Acre, Eliot, ME; Maine, USA; Parliament of the World's Religions; Sarah Farmer; United States (documents)

Rise of Justice in the Spiritual and Secular Life of Man, The: excerpts from The Advent of Divine Justice by Shoghi Effendi - Thomas,James B. (Lights of Irfán, 2008)
The Advent of Divine Justice (1938) raised the consciousness of the American Bahá’í community, introduced systematic methods for expansion of the Faith and a new conception of justice, and emphasized the special role of the American Bahá’ís.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #74, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 24-27, 2007). Mirrored with permission from /irfancolloquia.org/74/thomas_justice.
Keywords: Advent of Divine Justice (letter); Irfan Colloquia; Justice

Rise of the Bahá'í Community of 'Ishqábád, The - Lee,Anthony (Bahá'í Studies, 1979)
Materials about the early history of Ishqabad, site of the first Bahá'í Temple, based in part on interviews with former residents.
Keywords: Ashgabat; Bahá'í history by country; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Ishqabad; Turkmenistan

Role of Business in Enhancing The Prosperity of Humankind, The - Walker,William; Nelson,Jane; Weinberg,Matthew (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 2001)
Three articles about exploring and implementing concepts from Prosperity of Humankind, including building partnerships, toward a new concept of prosperity, preservation of wildlife, and examples of successful initiatives.
Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at ebbf.org/prosphum.htm [archive.org], and in French as PDF.
Keywords: Business; Environment; Prosperity; Sustainable development

Role of Material Goods in Spiritual Development, The - Poyer,Lin (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
On the challenge to develop creative, satisfying ways to live within a mass production/mass consumption 'materialistic' society; seen properly, material things can assist individuals in their personal growth rather than being a source of alientation.
See commentary by Will C van den Hoonaard here. Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Material means; Materialism; Sociology; Spirituality

Role of Music in the Advancement of Civilization, The - Hart,Kerry (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
Music is interrelated with feeling, value, and the very sense of self-identity. Nurturing an individual's sense of self-knowledge leads to mental and spiritual growth. Music, and its affect on the human soul, can be a foundation for philosophical inquiry.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Music

The Role of Public Institutions in Ensuring Social Well-Being - Vedovi,Alex (Bahá'í World, 2020)
Questions around government’s role in social welfare and the welfare state; Bahá'í perspectives on the government's role in supporting well-being; taxation, wealth, and poverty;
Mirrored from
Keywords: Charity and relief work; Consultation; Decision making; Donations; Government; Institutions; Prosperity; Secret of Divine Civilization (book); Taxation; Wealth and poverty; Work

Role of the Feminine in the Bahá'í Faith, The - Woodman,Ross (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1995)
On the terms 'Masculine' and 'Feminine' as referring to 2 interdependent energies at work within the Manifestation of God and throughout creation, including the human individual; the important role of the 'Feminine' principle in the Bahá’í Faith.
See also Marion Woodman, The Role of the Feminine in the New Era. Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/96.
Keywords: Christianity; Equality; Gender; God; God, Gender of; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Maid of Heaven; Ross Woodman; Women

Role of the Feminine in the New Era, The - Woodman,Marion (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
The  unveiled feminine, symbolized by the unveiling of the Persian poet Táhirih at the conference of Badasht in 1848, announces a long-awaited coming of age or psychic integration.
See also Ross Woodman, The Role of the Feminine in the Bahá'í Faith. Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Christianity; Equality; Gender; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Literature; Literature, English; Maid of Heaven; Psychology; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Women

Role of Wonder in Creating Identity, The - Lawson,Todd (Religions, 2023)
The term badí', "wondrous" or "new," is used dozens of times by the Báb in his proclamatory work the Qayyúm al-Asmáʾ. Wonder plays a major role in Bábí and Bahá'í thought and practice, and in their ethos and message. Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/6/762, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats. Files mirrored here with author's permission.
Keywords: Abraham; Alast (Primordial Covenant); Arabic language; Badi (term); Bahá'í Faith, Sect, NRM or World Religion; Bible; Christianity; Covenant; Creation; E-books (articles); Genuflections; Grammar; Henry Corbin; Hidden Imam; Identity; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Joseph (Prophet); Judaism; Obligatory prayer; Obligatory prayer, Long; Prayer; Pronouns; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Qayyumul-Asma (book), chapters; Renewal; Service; Servitude; Shia Islam (Shiism); Wordplay

Roman Catholic Priesthood and Bahá'í Administration, The - Brogan,Kevin (Solas, 2002)
Helping Bahá’ís understand the theology and function of Roman Catholic Priesthood and helping Catholics understand how the elements of its priesthood (Leadership, Teaching, and Sacrament) are in many ways fulfilled in the Bahá’í Administration.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 2. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Administration; Catholic Church; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Priesthood

Same Yet Different, The: Creating Unity Among the Diverse Members of the Bahá'í Faith - Vance,Deborah Clark (Journal of Intergroup Relations (a publication of the National Association of Human Rights Workers), 2002)
A study of the process by which people form a unified community from diverse cultures based on interviews with a small group of American Bahá’ís; the importance of foundational beliefs in this process; learning intercultural communication.
This paper is based on Vance's doctoral dissertation presented to the Department of Communication and Culture, Howard University, May 2002.
Keywords: Change; Conflict resolution; Cultural differences; Cultural diversity; Diaspora, African; Diaspora, Persian; Race; Racism; Sociology; Tests and difficulties; Unity; Unity in diversity

Science of Religion, The - Hatcher,William S. (Bahá'í Studies, 1980)
Contains three essays: “Science and Religion,” “The Unity of Religion and Science,” and “Science and the Bahá'í Faith.”
Article available in three versions: Microsoft Word format, prepared by M. Thomas (2022); optimized PDF scan of original (M. Thomas); and PDF uploaded to the ABS website, below.
Keywords: Science

Scriptures of Different Faiths, The - Singh,Pritam (Bahá'í World, 1942)
Overview of Hindu, Buddhist, Zoroastrian, Christian, and Islamic scriptures, emphasizing their teachings and significance across diverse religious traditions.
Mirrored from bahai.works.
Keywords: Bhagavad Gita; Bible; Buddhism; Christianity; Detachment; Dualism; Ethics; Evil; Fire; God; Hinduism; India; Interfaith dialogue; Introductory; Islam; Judaism; Lahore, India; Liberation; Meditation; Middle Way; Moderation; Pakistan; Philosophy; Pritam Singh; Progressive revelation; Psalms (Bible); Purity; Quran; Reconciliation; Religion (general); Salvation; Spirituality; Unity; Unity of religion; Virtues; Zoroastrianism

Seven Valleys and the Scientific Method, The - Sarracino,Robert Sinclair (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
The Seven Valleys is both Bahá'u'llah's "greatest mystical composition" and a practical and inspirational guide and sourcebook for those engaged in a process of both self discovery or scientific research.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #36, London (July 13-15, 2001). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/36/sarracino_scientific.
Keywords: Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Irfan Colloquia; Research; Scholarship; Science; Teaching

Significance of the Four Year Plan, The - Alexander,Andrew (Solas, 2004)
A look at the central documents of the 4 Year Plan (1996-2000) and their relevance to the new century. Understanding these International Plans helps the Bahá'í community evolve and expand. Includes overview of the role of these Plans in Bahá'í history.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 4. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Four Year Plan (1996-2000); Plans

Signs of Prophet-Hood, The: An Exposition on a Tablet by 'Abdu'l-Bahá - Thomas,James B. (Lights of Irfán, 2005)
On the signs of a Manifestation of God as articulated by ‘Abdu'l-Bahá; the type of proof utilized; the sequence of signs shown, some self-evident, others at a deeper level of meaning; historical confirmation.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #53, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 27-30, 2004). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/53/thomas_prophethood.
Keywords: Bisharat (Glad Tidings); Dalail-i-Sabih (Seven Proofs); Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Miracles; Proofs; Prophecies; Quotations from the Quran; Quran; Signs; Tablets to kings and rulers

Silences of God, The: A Meditation - Nakhjavani,Bahiyyih (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2014)
While the Word of God dominated the history of religion, contemporaries question the orthodoxy of language. God's Silence is also essential in shaping our individual choices and collective histories, and understanding Bahá'u'lláh's words.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/163.
Keywords: Bahiyyih Nakhjavani; Future Manifestations of God; God, Word of; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Meditation; Poetry; Prophecies; Silence

Social Adaptation of Marginal Religious Movements in America, The - Le Beau,Bryan F. (Sociology of Religion, 1993)
Processes of interaction between Marginal Religious Movements and their social environments; adaptive outcomes of different movements and across time. Passing references to the Bahá'í Faith.
Mirrored from highbeam.com [archive.org].
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; New religious movements (NRM); Sociology; United States (documents)

Social Organization of Mentorship in Bahá'í Studies, The - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
Mentorship in contemporary Bahá’í Studies is influenced by gender inequality, generational differences, and a perceived hierarchical order of disciplines. How can these limitations be overcome?
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/106.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Gender; Scholarship; Statistics

Soul in Chinese and Bahá'í Belief, The - Chew,Phyllis Ghim-Lian (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1998)
On Chinese religions and the Bahá'í Faith; their beliefs in the presence of a soul and an afterlife; the nature of the soul and the human being; the human quest for happiness and meaning in life; free will and its relation to justice.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 3.
Keywords: China; Chinese religion; Free will; Happiness; Justice; Life after death (afterlife); Soul

Specter of Ideological Genocide, The: The Bahá'ís of Iran - Affolter,Friedrich W. (War Crimes, Genocide & Crimes against Humanity, 2005)
History of the persecution and suppression of the Bahá'ís in Iran, through the lens of genocide studies. (Link to document, off-site.)
Document online at migs.concordia.ca/documents/AffolterIdeologicalGenocideandtheBahaisofIran.pdf; also mirrored at core.kmi.open.ac.uk/display/361632.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution, Human rights; Persecution, Iran

Spiritual Dimensions of Microfinance, The: Towards a Just Civilization and Sustainable Economy - Rodey,Barbara J. (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 2001)
Prepared for the Microcredit Summit to emphasize the importance of universal spiritual principles to achieve the real benefits of microfinance services.
Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at archive.org.
Keywords: Business; Economics; Ethics; Family; Microfinance; Non-governmental organizations (NGO); Rural development; Social and economic development; Sustainable development; Wealth and poverty; Women; Work ethics

Spiritual Foundations of Science, The - Khursheed,Anjam (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
In contrast to modern western accounts of science, which reduce it to methods of logic and experiment, the Bahá'í reference point is the spiritual nature of man. The experience of some outstanding scientists of the past supports the Bahá'í view.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 1. Also published in Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology, 1997.
Keywords: Philosophy; Revisioning the Sacred (book); Science

Spiritual Nature of Reality, The: Has the Future Already Been Written? - Hatcher,John S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2000)
Meditations on "Who is Writing the Future": why is spiritual development a social as well as personal matter; what is epistemological methodology for this development; how is it distinct from materialism; and how does it relate to the Covenants?
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca.
Keywords: Calamities and catastrophes; Covenant; Future; Individualism; John Hatcher; Lesser Peace; Materialism; Maturity of humanity; Reality; Spirituality; Spiritualization; Who is Writing the Future (statement); World Commonwealth

Spiritual Role of Art, The - Tuman,Ludwig (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1991)
The Bahá’í writings indicate that art can render services of a mystical, moral, and social nature. This is the spiritual role of art, whose highest purpose is to ennoble the individual soul and the collective life of humanity.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Beauty; Spirituality

St. Petersburg 19th Century Orientalist Collection of Materials on the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths, The: Primary and Other Sources - Ioannesyan,Youli A. (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
The important work of Russian scholars up to 1917 in collecting Bábí and Bahá’í materials; a detailed listing of available materials.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #54, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London (July 2-4, 2004). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/54/ioannesyan_petersburg.
Keywords: Alexander Tumansky; Archives; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'í studies; Baron Rosen; Báb, Writings of; Bábísm; Indexes and catalogues; Irfan Colloquia; Manuscripts; Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of

Station of the Kitab-i-Iqan, The - Fananapazir,Khazeh; Fazel,Seena (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1993)
Review of the rank and station of the Iqan according to the primary Bahá'í literature, followed by an outline and a thematic guide.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Outlines and summaries; Ranks, stations and functions

Story of J. E. Esslemont and His Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era, The: Bibliography - Jasion,Jan T. (Book Collector, 2020)
List of all of Esslemont's known writings, including his Bahá’í pamphlets and his medical writings, plus a bibliography of all translations of New Era.
This bibliography was deemed too long to be included with the print version of this article (Book Collector, forthcoming), so it is instead published here, and linked to from the article. The article will list the English editions and only have a summary of the translations.Also available in Word format.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (book); Bibliography; Biography; Esslemont

Story of Joseph in the Babi and Baha'i Faiths, The - Stokes,Jim (World Order, 1997)
The story of Joseph describes the eternal process by which the most profound kind of new knowledge comes into the world, simultaneously describing, in story form, its interrelated human, physical, and metaphysical dimensions.
See also Story of Joseph in Five Religious Traditions.
Keywords: Fragrance; Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Interfaith dialogue; Joseph (Prophet); Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Metaphors and allegories; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Symbolism

Story of the Bahai Movement, The - Sprague,Sydney (The Priory Press, 1907)
A short history and introduction to the Baha’i Faith by an early American Baha’i.
Scanned by Google Books; also available in a different scan at the Afnan Library. This document is undated, but William P. Collins dates it as "1907 or 1908" in his Bibliography of English-language Works on the Bábí and Baháʼí Faiths, 1844-1985.
Keywords: Introductory; Sydney Sprague

Structure of Existence in the Bab's Tafsir and the Perfect Man Motif, The - Lawson,Todd (Studia Iranica: Cahiers 11: Recurrent Patterns in Iranian Religions from Mazdaism to Sufism, 1992)
The Perfect Man is the mediator between God and the World. He is the mirror in which creation sees God, the eye by which God sees creation. The Bab phrased his cosmology and his Quranic exegesis in light of wahdat al-wujud, the Unity of Being.
Keywords: Barzakh; Cosmology; God; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Manifestations of God; Mirrors; Perfect Man (Sufism); Quran; Sufism; Tafsir surat al-baqara (Commentary on the Surah of the Cow); Unity of existence (vaḥdatu’l-vujúd)

Study of Religion, The: Some Comments on Methodology of Studying Religion - Momen,Moojan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1991)
Reasons for the broad variety of different theoretical frameworks from which to view religious phenomena and the lack of a unified model.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Religion (general); Scholarship

Tablet of All Food, The: The Hierarchy of the Spiritual Worlds and the Metaphoric Nature of Physical Reality - Lepain,Jean-Marc (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2010)
Terminology employed by Bahá'u'lláh to describe the hierarchy of the spiritual worlds: Háhút, Láhút, Jabarút and Malakút.
This article is provided as a free sample from the publishers of BSR. See www.ingentaconnect.com.
Keywords: Abhá Kingdom; Cosmology; God, Worlds of; Lawh-i-Kullu't-Ta'ám (Tablet of All Food); Life after death (afterlife); Neoplatonism; Philosophy; Reality; Sufism

Ten Plagues of the Exodus in Light of the Bahá'í Writings, The - Borovicka,JoAnn M. (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
The historical accuracy of Exodus is not essential to an appreciation of it; scholarship regarding the historicity of the Exodus story in general and the ten plagues specifically; contemporary significance of the metaphor of the plagues.
Hear a discussion between the author and Robert Stockman about this topic, on Youtube. Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #128, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (2014). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/128/borovicka_exodus.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Egypt; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Judaism; Moses; Pharaoh (Bible); Plagues (Bible); Symbolism

Ten Year Crusade, The - Nakhjavani,Ali (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2004)
How Shoghi Effendi prepared Bahá’ís for the 10-Year Crusade; 27 objectives he formulated; impediments to the implementation of some of those objectives; and the place of the Crusade in history as well as future developments destined to flow from it.
Also available as a corrected Microsoft Word document prepared by Mike Thomas.Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/125.
Keywords: Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lectures; Plans; Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963); `Alí Nakhjavání

Ten-Year Crusade, The: Seven Thousand Years In Retrospect - Ward,Allan L. (Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1960)
A brief, dramatic sketch of the spiritual development of man, beginning with Adam, to help Bahá'ís grasp the meaning of the present World Crusade as the most urgent stage in Abdu'l-Bahá's Divine Plan unveiled 40 years earlier.
Keywords: History (general); Interfaith dialogue; Religion (general); Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963)

Terms Remembrance (dhikr) and Gate (bab) in the Bab's Commentary on the Sura of Joseph, The - Lawson,Todd (Studies in Honor of the Late Husayn M. Balyuzi: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1989)
Who is the "voice" of the Qayyum al-Asma: the person Ali-Muhammad Shirazi, the hidden Imam through The Báb, the Báb as the Imam himself, or God? The Bab seems to be the Imam speaking the voice of God. He is Dhikru'lláh, "Remembrance of God."
Keywords: Báb (Gate); Dhikr (Remembrance); Qayyumul-Asma (book); Remembrance; Words and phrases

Theology of the Sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church, The - Brogan,Kevin (Solas, 2001)
Helping Bahá'ís understand the Catholic church's historical perspectives and spiritual significance placed on sacraments, which are: Baptism, Penance, Confirmation, Eucharist (or Mass), Marriage, Holy Orders, and Sacrament of the Sick (“Extreme Unction").
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 1. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Baptism; Catholic Church; Christianity; Eucharist; Interfaith dialogue; Sacraments; Symbolism; Theology

Three Stages of Divine Revelation, The - Sinclair,Guy (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2002)
Shoghi Effendi states that the Kitáb-i-Iqán "adumbrates and distinguishes between the three stages of Divine Revelation"; some Sufi doctrines help understand the significance of Bahá'u'lláh’s three stages.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/451. See also original scan.
Keywords: Archetypes; Cosmology; Creation; Hidden Treasure (Hadith); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Philosophy; Revelation; Revelation, Three stages of; Sufism

Travels of `Abdu'l-Bahá and their Impact on the Press, The - Egea,Amin E. (Lights of Irfán, 2011)
The presence of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in Western countries aroused great interest in the general public and the media. The surveys the news reports of the events related to His visit and the impressions gained by His audiences.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/97/egea_survey.
Keywords: Media (communication); `Abdu'l-Bahá; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of (documents)

Trial of Mullá 'Alí Bastámí, The: A Combined Sunní-Shí'í Fatwá against The Báb - Momen,Moojan (Iran: Journal of the British Institute for Persian Studies, 1982)
The trial of Mullá `Alí Bastámí was one of the most important episodes of 1844-45, being both the first occasion on which the new Bábí movement encountered the opposition of the ulama, and a crucial turning point in the development of the movement.
Also presented at the Bahá'í Studies Seminar at the University of Lancaster, April 1980. Mirrored with permission from www.momen.org/contents.htm.
Keywords: Baghdad, Iraq; Báb, The; Fatwa; Iraq; Mulla Ali Bastami; Persecution, Iraq; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Trials

Unity Principle, The: Ideas of Social Concord and Discord in the Bahá'í Faith - Stockman,Robert (Research in Human Social Conflict, 2001)
The concept of unity pervades Bahá’í thought, expressed both in the functioning of Bahá’í administration and the Bahá’í community and in the avoidance of political partisanship in the relationship of Bahá’ís to the wider world.
Mirrored with permission from rsmd.net/research/unity-principle.
Keywords: Covenant; Covenant-breaking; Unity

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Cultural Relativism and the Persecution of the Bahá'ís in Iran, The - Farhoumand-Sims,Cheshmak (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
Are the Human Rights of the Universal Declaration universal: a comparison of Western and Islamic notions of human rights; the religious justifications provided by the Islamic regime for the persecution of the Bahá’ís in Iran.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Human rights; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Human rights; Persecution, Iran; Relativism; United Nations; Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Universality of the Church of the East, The: How Persian was Persian Christianity? - Buck,Christopher (Journal of the Assyrian Academic Society, 1996)
Prepublication chapter from Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Baha’i Faith (Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.
SUNY Press flyer: click here. Paradise and Paradigm is the first formal (academic) comparative study of the Bahá'í Faith and Christianity (even though there is an abundance of popular, apologetic literature on the topic). The choice of "Persian Christianity" is important for historical and cultural reasons, as this is a comparison of two commensurables (two Persian religions) rather than "apples and oranges." See also http://www.jaas.org/toc/v10011996.htm and http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v10n1/intro.pdf.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Symbolism

Universality of the Laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, The - Samali,Bijan (The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: Studies from the First National Conference on the Holy Book, vol. 1, 1996)
The laws of the Aqdas focus on the individual; are applicable to everyone; facilitate the realisation of the oneness of human race; ensure the equality of the sexes; are adaptable to cultural diversities; and call for the elimination of all prejudices.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Abrogation and confirmation of laws; Arts and crafts; Children; Circumpolar regions; Cleanliness; Cultural diversity; Economics; Education; Equality; Exemption; Fasting; Gradual implementation of laws; Hair, fur and bones; Inequality; Inheritance; Interest; Interfaith dialogue; International auxiliary language; Interpretation; Islam; Justice; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Language; Lawh-i-Ishraqat (Tablet of Splendors); Laws; Marriage; Maturity of humanity; Moderation; Monogamy; Music; Obligatory prayer; Pilgrimage; Polygamy; Prayer; Prejudice; Principles; Refinement; Religious leaders (clergy); Servants; Singing; Superstition; Translation; Uncleanness; Unity; Unity of humanity; Universal House of Justice (UHJ general); Usury; Wisdom; Women; Worldwide

Use of Trees as Symbols in the World Religions, The - Liya,Sally (Solas, 2004)
The tree is a universal symbol found in the myths of all peoples. This Jungian archetype figures in dreams; symbolizes growth, unfolding, shelter, and nurture; is regarded as the gatekeeper to the next world; and is a metaphor in Bahá'í scripture.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 4. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Archetypes; Bible; Buddhism; Carl Gustav Jung; Christianity; Dreams and visions; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Metaphors and allegories; Quran; Symbolism; Tree (metaphor); Trees; Zoroastrianism

The White Silk Dress - Gail,Marzieh (Bahá'í World, 1945)
An "intimate portrait" of Ṭáhirih first published Friday April 21, 1944.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org.
Keywords: Abrogation and confirmation of laws; Badasht, Iran; Beauty; Biography; Báb, Birth of; Conference of Badasht (1848); Culture, Persian; Equality; Food; Gender; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Leyli and Majnun; Mahmud Khan; Martyrdom; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Quddus; Shaykh Salih; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Vahid (Siyyid Yahyay-i-Darabi); Veils; Women

Word Bahá', The: Quintessence of the Greatest Name of God - Lambden,Stephen (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
The Arabic word bahá' — meaning beauty, excellence, goodliness, majesty, glory, splendor, brilliancy, and many others — was a term of considerable import in Islamic and Bábi literature, and was occasionally seen in prophetic or messianic contexts.
Earlier version published in Bahá'í Studies Review 3:1 (1993). See also scan of original. See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/274.
Keywords: Bahá (word); Buddhism; Christianity; Glory (general); Greatest Name; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Tetragrammaton; Zoroastrianism

Word Bahá, The: Quintessence of the Greatest Name - Lambden,Stephen (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1993)
History of the concept of the Greatest Name and its place in Bahá'í theology.
Later revised for the Journal of Bahá'í Studies 8:2 (1998). See also the author's encyclopedia article on the Greatest Name.
Keywords: Bahá (word); Buddhism; Christianity; Glory (general); Greatest Name; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Tetragrammaton; Zoroastrianism

Word is the Master Key for the Whole World, The: The Bahá'í Revelation and the "Teaching and Spirit of the Cause" in Dialogical and Personal Thinking - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
The Word of God is the master key that opens all doors; it assures the opening to the meaning of the whole world and its relationship to heaven; it is the key to the hearts of men and the human spirit, which opens this world towards the doors of heaven.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #67, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 25-29, 2006). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/67/klebel_masterkey
Keywords: Bible; Book of Revelation (Bible); Christianity; Consultation; God, Word of; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Logos; Ontology; Philosophy; Physics; Progressive revelation; Psychology; Science; Unity

World as Text, The: Cosmologies of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i - Cole,Juan (Studia Islamica, 1994)
Shaykh Ahmad's creative use of mythic symbols can be seen as an escape from the limitations of the conceptual and literary structures erected by his forebears; his millenarianism and rebellion against staid literalism as a means of reinvigorating Shi'ism.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Cosmology; Huruf (letters); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Kabbalah; Metaphors and allegories; Nuqta (Point); Pen; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'i; Shaykhism; Sufism; Symbolism

Writings of 'Abdu'l-Baha, The - Banani,Amin (World Order, 1971)
The style and genres of Abdu'l-Bahá's writings, a chronology of their thematic and linguistic change, and a categorization of the various types of his writings and talks.
Also available as PDF, mirrored from aminbanani.com (website archived). This article has also been published on
Keywords: Amin Banani; Style (Writings); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of

Writings of Baha'u'llah, The - Ishráq-Khávarí,Abdu'l-Hamid (Bahá'í World, 1974)
Part of a commentary by the renowned scholar `Abdu'l-Hamid-i-Ishraq Khavari, adapted by Habib Taherzadeh, summarizing many of the early and often untranslated Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh.
See also Ishraq-Khavari's Adhkáru'l-Muqarrabín.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; `Abdu'l-Hamid Ishraq-Khavari

The Writings of Bahá'u'lláh - Holley,Horace (Star of the West, 1922)
On the creative nature of literature; the writings of Shakespeare; Bahá'u'lláh as author; the influence of the Divine shines through the writings of Bahá'u'lláh.
Mirrored from bahai.works/Star_of_the_West, where it is also available in scanned images. For this version, the transliteration "Bahá 'Ullah" has been changed to the currently used transliteration "Bahá'u'lláh". This article is discussed in J. A. McLean's book Dimensions in Spirituality (1994), pp. 138-141.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Christianity; God, Word of; Interfaith dialogue; Jesus Christ; Literature; Literature, English; Philosophy; Revelation; William Shakespeare (author)

Wronged One, The: Shí'í Narrative Structure in Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet of Visitation for Mullá Husayn - McCants,William F. (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
On the martyrdom of Mulla Husayn, the structure of sacrificial and devotional narratives, and Shi'i antecedents.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #38, Louhelen Bahá'í School (October, 2001). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/38/mccants_wronged.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Mulla Husayn; Shia Islam (Shiism); Surat az-Ziyarah (Surih of Visitation for Mulla Husayn); Tablets of Visitation; Tablets of Visitation for Mulla Husayn; Varaqatu’l-Firdaws (Leaf of Paradise, Mulla Husayns sister); Wronged One

Young Turks and the Bahá'ís in Palestine, The - Alkan,Necati (Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule, 2011)
Reform movements in turn-of-the-century Palestine and the influence of Abdu'l-Bahá on his political milieu.
Mirrored with permission from academia.edu.
Keywords: Israel; Palestine; Politics; Reform; Sultán `Abdu'l-Hamid II; Turkey; Young Turks

Themes in the Study of Bahá'u'lláh's Kitáb-i-Aqdas: Emerging Approaches to Scholarship on Bahá'í Law - Danesh,Roshan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2017)
Review of what emergent scholarship has thus far accomplished relating to the study of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and Bahá'í law; suggested core themes and approaches; directions which future study of this topic might encompass.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/225. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws

Themes of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of The Divine Plan Illustrated by Scriptural References to the Bible and the Qur'án - Fananapazir,Lameh (Lights of Irfán, 2017)
The Tablets of the Divine Plan, as well as Abdu'l-Bahá's Will and Testament and the Tablet of Carmel, are three “Charters” for promotion of the Cause of God, which can also heal the problems facing humanity in its crisis of faith.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/fananapazir_themes.
Keywords: Bible; Charters of the Bahá'í Faith; Christianity; Civilization; Deepening; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Lawh-i-Karmil (Tablet of Carmel); Quotations from the Bible; Quotations from the Quran; Quran; Renaissance; Tablets of the Divine Plan; Teaching; Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá

Theocratic Ideas and Assumptions in Bahá'í Literature: An Inquiry - McGlinn,Sen (Reason and Revelation: Studies in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions, 2002)
A selection and interpretation of scriptures which suggest that an institutional differentiation of the religious and political orders — i.e., the separation of church and state — is a central Bahá’í doctrine.
Updated in 2007. Also online at academia.edu.
Keywords: Church and state; Theocracy; World order

Theological Responses to Modernity in the Nineteenth-century Middle East - Scharbrodt,Oliver (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
With their theologies, Bahá'u'lláh and Muhammad 'Abduh both responded to the challenge of modernity and sought change, but while 'Abduh remained on the grounds of the Islamic tradition, Bahá'u'lláh founded a new religion.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #36, London (July 13-15, 2001). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/36/scharbrodt_abduh.
Keywords: 19th century; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Middle East; Modernity; Muhammad Abduh; Philosophy; Rationality; Reform; Theology; `Abdu'l-Bahá

"These Four States Conferred Upon Thee": Tetrarchic Thinking in Philosophy, Theology, Psychology - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2013)
We follow Bahá’u’lláh’s new principles and forget old patterns of thought in order to find peace, not only in the world, but also in our hearts. One new paradigm includes four-fold relationships, like Firstness/Lastness vs. Inwardness/Outwardness.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #109, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 2012). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/109/klebel_reality.
Keywords: Philosophy; Psychology; Theology

Theses on Modernity and the Bahá'í Faith - Sergeev,Mikhail (Studies in Bahá'í Philosophy, 2015)
On how new religious movements respond to modernity; cycles of religion; project of modernity; culture vs. civilization; the Bahá'í extension of modernity; Bahá'í departure from modernity; separation of religion and state.
See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Church and state; Civilization; Criticism and apologetics; Culture; Cycles, Eras, Ages and Epochs; Decline and renewal of religion; Enlightenment (movement); Equality; Ethics; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Modernity; Philosophy; Politics; Power; Principles; Reform; Reformation (Christianity); Renaissance; Secularism; Unity

Thinking Through Images: Kastom and the Coming of the Baha'is to Northern New Ireland, Papua New Guinea - Were,Graeme (Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2005)
Anthropological study on the Bahá'í Faith in the Nalik area of New Ireland, New Guinea, especially the Nalik people's belief in harnessing ancestral power using transformative imagery.
Mirrored from nhbahais.com.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Conversion; Cultural diversity; Indigenous people; Papua New Guinea; Sociology; Teaching

'This Is a Progression, Not Conversion': Narratives of First-Generation Bahá'ís - Makhani-Belkin,Tova (Religions, 2023)
Unlike personal transformation experiences in Christianity, religious conversion to the Bahá'í Faith is more often described as a gradual personal and spiritual growth analogous to progressive revelation. Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/3/300, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats.
Keywords: Conversion; Interfaith dialogue; Progressive revelation

Thomas Kelly Cheyne - Toy,Crawford Howell (Harvard Theological Review, 1916)
Overview of the works and diverse intellectual interests of Cheyne, who championed the Faith as an independent Biblical scholar before joining it in 1914.
This book is online in a variety of formats at archive.org. See also Stephen Lambden's biography of Cheyne and his bibliography.
Keywords: Biography; Thomas Kelly Cheyne (T. K. Cheyne)

Three Momentous Years of the Heroic Age - Taherzadeh,Adib (Bahá'í World, 1973)
A look at the extraordinary period of Revelation immediately after Bahá’u’lláh’s imprisonment in Akká.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org.
Keywords: Adib Taherzadeh; Akka, Israel; Badi (Mírzá Aqa Buzurg-i-Nishapuri); Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Centenaries; Christianity; Fuad Páshá; Lawh-i-Fuad (Tablet to Fuad Pasha); Lawh-i-Malik-i-Rus (Tablet to Alexander II); Lawh-i-Malikih (Tablet to Queen Victoria); Lawh-i-Napulyun (Tablets to Napoleon III); Lawh-i-Pap (Tablet to Pope Pius IX); Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Napoleon III; Pope Pius IX; Popes; President Grant; Proclamation of Bahá'u'lláh (book); Prophecies; Queen Victoria; Summons of the Lord of Hosts (book); Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; Tsar Alexander II; Visuals; `Alí Páshá

Three Teaching Methods Used During North America's First Seven-Year Plan - Dahl,Roger M. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1993)
Teaching methods used by American Bahá’ís to spread the Faith; firesides and teaching campaigns evolved during the 1930s; pioneer settlements were not used systematically until the Seven-Year Plan; difficulties caused by the race question in the South.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Firesides; Pioneering; Race; Race unity; Seven Year Plan, US and CA (1937-1944); Teaching; United States (documents)

"To dance like Solomon": Imitation and Martyrdom in a Qajar Ghazal - Parvis Brookshaw,Dominic (Middle Eastern Literatures, 2004)
Maryam Bushru'i (1815-1902), a sister of Mulla Husayn Bushru'i, produced a bold, emotionally charged response to a celebrated poem by Rumi, lending a broader definition to the community of Qajar poets that transcends social, doctrinal, and gendered lines.
Mirrored from tandfonline.com, where it is available in HTML, PDF, and ePub formats. The PDF below is OCRed from the image PDF as saved, with open-copyright permission, from the publisher's website.
Keywords: E. G. Browne; Gazal; Martyrdom; Poetry; Qajar dynasty; Rumi (Mevlana); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj)

Toward a Baha'i Concept of Mental Health: Implications for Clinical Practice - Maloney,Michelle (Counseling and Values, 2006)
Understanding religious beliefs as a resource for more fully conceptualizing clients psychological functioning; in particular, how Bahá'í clients conceive of mental health and counseling.
Mirrored from nhbahais.com.
Keywords: Health and healing; Mental health; Psychology

Toward a Framework for Action - Lample,Paul (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
On defining and encouraging scholarship, especially as it relates to the major objectives of the Bahá'í Faith, and the role of the scholar in the Bahá'í community.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/4. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Interpretation; Knowledge; Paul Lample; Scholarship; Science

Toward a New Environmental Stewardship - Karlberg,Michael (World Order, 1994)
The Bahá'í vision of nature; spiritual principles required in our relationship with nature; the oneness of humanity; the New World Order.
Mirrored with permission from author's website, myweb.wwu.edu [archive.org]
Keywords: Environment; Nature

Toward a New Paradigm of Management - Starcher,George (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 1991)
The fundamental changes taking place in management and organization in reaction to globalization and changing technology, and the new knowledge and information based economy.
Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at archive.org.
Keywords: Business; Economics; Ethics; Globalization

Towards a Bahá'í Ethics - Schaefer,Udo (Search for Values: Ethics in Bahá'í Thought, 2004)
Bahá'í ethics are a transformative way of life and detachment involving truthfulness, trustworthiness, justice, moderation, wisdom, and prudence.
Mirrored with permission from www.udoschaefer.com/articles/english.html.
Keywords: Ethics; Udo Schaefer

Towards a Complete and Fully Integrated Model of the Human Species - Carey,Gearoid (Solas, 2004)
An adequate model of human evolution must integrate current scientific information as well as metaphysical insights from divine revelation. The human species model before and after the Neolithic revolution must include both.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 4. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Evolution; Metaphysics; Science

Towards a Definition of Bahá'í Theology and Mystical Philosophy - Savi,Julio (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2003)
Bahá'í theology is not metaphysical hair-splitting but is a "divine philosophy" all Bahá'ís are invited to study, to achieve inner knowledge, spiritual progress, and an enhanced capacity for loving.
Mirrored with permission from juliosavi.it.
Keywords: Knowledge; Philosophy; Theology

Towards a Spiritual Methodology of Scholarship - Jones Kavelin,Chris (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 2003)
Attempt to offer youth a vision of their sacred duty to pursue scholarship and a confidence in their unique spiritual genius to enable a world civilization to become conscious of its own Divine origin, spiritual nature, sacred purpose and glorious destiny
Developed out of a presentation given at the 2003 Australian Bahá'í Society Congress. See also the rest of this issue, and see PDF.
Keywords: Ethics; Scholarship; Science; Spirituality; Studying; Youth

Towards the Elimination of Religious Prejudice: Potential Christian Contributions From a Bahá'í Perspective - Jones Kavelin,Chris (Interreligious Insight, 2004)
Religion can facilitate both war and peace; the greatest opportunity facing Christianity is to provide an example of loving relationships that transcend religious and cultural prejudice, and leave aside theological differences.
Paper originally given at “The Future of Christianity in the West” conference at Otago University, Dunedin, NZ, December 2002. Also available as PDF.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Prejudice

Towards the New World Order: A Bahá'í perspective - Nicholson,Graham (Bahá'í Studies in Australasia vol. 3, 1996)
We live in a troubled world in which the Bahá'í Faith is a living example of an endeavour to establish an expanding unity on a global scale, operating as a single social organism; it provides in embryo form a model for a new world order.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: World order

Transformative Dialogue: A Key to Elevating Discourses - Neyman,Roger; Wenninger,Charlotte (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2024)
"Transformative Dialogue" is a process that can facilitate understanding among dialogue partners; a distinct mode of dialogue with a recognizable set of precepts and processes, it can be studied, systematically developed, and used within communities.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Consultation

Transformative Leadership: Its Evolution and Impact - Barstow Hernandez,Joan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
The ideas behind the conceptual framework and capabilities of Núr University’s "Transformative Leadership Program," developed as a Bahá’í-inspired approach to leadership in academic settings or in projects of social action.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/246. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Empowerment; Ethics; Leadership; Scholarship; Social action; Transformation

Translating the Bahá'í Writings - Volker,Craig L. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
In translating the Bahá’í writings, faithfulness to the original text is paramount, reflecting both the beauty of the original and accurately conveying its concepts; consultation is an integral part of the process; practical problems faced by translators.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Beauty; Bible; Christianity; Consultation; Cultural differences; Education; God, Word of; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Language; Quran; Religion (general); Shoghi Effendi; Style (Writings); Terminology; Translation

Translating the Bahá'í Writings into Languages Other Than English - Volker,Craig L.; Noguchi,Mary Goebel (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2024)
Challenges in translation, including questions about spelling, terminology, politeness strategies employed in the original work, and idiosyncrasies of English usage; case study of passage of Bahá'u'lláh as translated into Japanese and Tok Pisin.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF]. Note: The quoted article of Armin Eschraghi can be found here (off-site).
Keywords: Accompaniment; Akka, Israel; Ambiguity; Ancient Beauty (title); Annotations (notes); Ark; Asian languages; Back translation; Baghdad, Iraq; Bahá'u'lláh, Titles of; Bahá'í studies; Beatitudes (Bible); Bible; Capacity building; Capitalization; Chalice; Christianity; Collaboration and cooperation; Consultation; Crimson; Crimson Ark; Cross-reference; Cultural diversity; Databases; Deepening; Edirne, Turkey; Encouragement; English language; God, Word of; Gold; Honorifics; Horizon; Hud (Prophet); Independent investigation of truth; Institute process; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Istanbul, Turkey; Japanese language; Kaaba (Mecca); Languages of Papua New Guinea; Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhib (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf); Man versus human; Metaphors and allegories; Names and titles; National Spiritual Assemblies; Naw-Rúz; Orthography; Pen; Persian language; Politeness; Pronouns; Pronunciation; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Quran; Respect; Ridván; Royal We (pronoun); Ruhi Institute; Say (phrase); Seas and oceans; Standard of language; Style (Writings); Taaruf (Tarof); Terminology; Texts in multiple languages; Thou and Thee; Tok Pisin (language); Transformation; Translation; Translation committees; Translation into other languages than English; Transliteration and diacritics; Universal House of Justice, Research Department; Wayward; Words and phrases

Transnational Bahá'í Print Culture: Community Formation and Religious Authority, 1890-1921 - Vejdani,Farzin (Journal of Religious History, 2012)
Explores how Baha’is used print culture (1890–1921) for community-building, scriptural canonization, and apologetics, emphasizing leadership, transnational networks, and cultural intermediaries. (Link to article, offsite.)
Document online at academia.edu.
Keywords: Ashgabat; Cairo, Egypt; Calligraphy; Canon of Bahá'í doctrine; Criticism and apologetics; Egypt; Independent investigation of truth; India; Iran (documents); Islam; Lithography; Manuscripts; Memorization; Mumbai, India; Oral tradition; Palestine; Pilgrimage; Printing; Publishing; Publishing, Review; Respect; Teaching; Tehran, Iran; Turkmenistan; `Abdu'l-Bahá

Trial of the Báb: Shi'ite Orthodoxy Confronts its Mirror Image - MacEoin,Denis (Studies in Honor of Clifford Edmund Bosworth 2: The Sultan's Turret, 2000)
Overview of, and documents preserved from, the Bab's 1848 trial for heresy against Islam.
This article was published here in May 1997, and later in Studies in Honor of Clifford Edmund Bosworth. The republished version is online in Google Books.
Keywords: Báb, The; Báb, Trial of; Iran (documents); Tabríz, Iran

True of Thyself: The Mystical Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and Ken Wilber's System of Integral Philosophy - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2005)
A comparison of Wilber's integration of the tradition of liberalism with a genuine spirituality and Bahá'u'lláh’s progressive Revelation, with an attempt to formulate some principles of an integral and progressive theology.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #53, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 27-30, 2004). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/53/klebel_wilber.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Philosophy

Turbulent Prairie: Politics, The Press, and the Baha'i Faith in Kansas, 1897 - Herrmann,Duane L. (World Order, 1999)
An examination of 1897 press coverage of the second Bahá'í community in North America. State politicians and new religious teachings attracted press attention across Kansas.
Mirrored from academia.edu. Draft version of article first posted at geocities.ws under the title "1897 Press Reception of Bahá’í Activities in Kansas."
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Kansas, USA; United States (documents)

Turning a Somersault to Land at the Feet of the Báb: The Spiritual Journey of Ross Woodman - Lowry,Chris (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2024)
Examining Ross G. Woodman’s 1942 dream of the Báb, its influence on his spiritual journey, and the interplay between faith, aesthetics, and academia.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Biography; Dreams and visions; Ross Woodman

Turning the Tide: Reducing Biodiversity Loss and Restoring Decimated Ecosystems - Singh,Anil (Bahá'í World, 2024)
Exploring the urgent need to mitigate biodiversity loss, advocating for sustainable ecosystem management, ecological awareness, and collective responsibility to restore degraded habitats.
Exported PDF file (print version) below mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where it is also available in HTML format, including the footnotes missing below.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Environment; Interdependence (interconnectedness); Nature; Social action

Two Episodes from the Life of Bahá'u'lláh in Iran - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2019)
Regarding the conference of Badasht and Baha'u'lláh's arrival at the shrine of Shaykh Tabarsi, and on His experience in the Siyah Chal, close attention to the text of two Tablets leads to conclusions that differ from current Bahá'í history books.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org.
Keywords: Badasht, Iran; Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Childhood of; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Biography; Conference of Badasht (1848); Dreams and visions; Iran (documents); Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Lawh-i-Bábu’l-ʻAtá (or Lawh-i-Banú-Qurayzih); Maid of Heaven; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Síyáh-Chál (Black Pit, Tehran); Tehran, Iran

Typological Figuration and the Meaning of "Spiritual": The Qurʾanic Story of Joseph - Lawson,Todd (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2012)
Meanings of the famous shirt (qamís) as a symbol of Joseph's spiritual journey and travails in the Qur'an and tafsír. Brief mentions of Shaykh Ahmad, Siyyid Kazim, and the Báb on pp. 229, 231 and 237-238.
Mirrored with permission from toddlawson.ca.
Keywords: Christianity; Fragrance; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Joseph (Prophet); Judaism; Northrop Frye; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Quran; Return; Shaykhism; Typology; Words and phrases

Um Estado Laico numa Sociedade Confessional - Oliveira,Marco (Jornal Público, 2005)
"A Lay State in a Religious Society": opinion article by a Portuguese Baha’i about the presence of Christian symbols in the classrooms of Portuguese public schools.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Portugal

Una perspectiva bahá'í acerca del rol de los medios de comunicación y transporte en la configuración de una sociedad internacional - Jimenez Majidi,Ruben (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Una investigación cualitativa basada en una revisión documental y bibliográfica acerca de la influencia de tecnologías de comunicación y transporte sobre procesos sociales, y sus correlación con la visión que proyectan las enseñas, y el avance cientía.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/6125. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Communication; Globalization; Media (communication); Science; Technology; Transportation; Unity

Unclipping the Wings: A Survey of Secondary Literature in English on Bahá'í Perspectives on Women - Finch,Trevor R. J. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1994)
Annotated bibliography of Bahá'í perspectives on women and women's issues.
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Women

Understanding Exclusivist Texts - Fazel,Seena (Scripture and Revelation: Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium, 1997)
Contemporary religions, esp. Christianity, must examine their exclusivist claims to account for other paths to salvation.
This article is a combination of two separate talks Fazel gave at Irfan Colloquia, one at session #1 and the second at session #12. This is a draft version of what was later published in Scripture and Revelation; the published article has a few minor revisions.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Contradictions; Exclusivism; God; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Jesus Christ; Language; Manifestations of God; Salvation; Style (Writings)

Understanding the Human Condition: Secular and Spiritual Perspectives - Sahadevan,Suresh (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
Both materialist and religious paradigms are important for happiness and for informing our decisions about how to live fruitful lives. Religion must work for the betterment of the world by applying spiritual concepts to solve contemporary problems.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 6.
Keywords: Human nature; Philosophy; Purpose of life

Une societe sans violence, un don a faire a nos enfants - Danesh,Hossain (Bahá'í Studies, 1981)
Article also posted at the ABS monograph series page. (Permission to cross-post given by ABS editor in 1997 when I built the first bahai-studies.ca website. -J.W.)ER -

Unfreezing the frame: The promise of inductive research in Bahá'í studies - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
The suitability of inductive analysis as a method in Bahá'í scholarship, and some stumbling blocks that inhibit the development of a Bahá'í methodology.

Unhealthy Science, Religion, and Humanities: The Deep Connection and what Bahá'u'lláh had to say about it - House,Ron (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
On Bahá'u'lláh's prophetic assessment of the world's impending crises; the collapse of rationalistic non-theistic worldviews may result in a harmful crisis of faith; the thought of David Hume.
See also the rest of this issue.ER -

United Kingdom: History of the Bahá'í Faith - Momen,Moojan (1998)
A short history of the Bahá'í community of the United Kingdom.
Written for possible inclusion in The Bahá'í Encyclopedia. Posted with permission of both the author and of the editor of the Encyclopedia project. Also published for the UK Centennial (see note at end).
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; United Kingdom

Unity and Progressive Revelation: Comparing Bahá'í Principles with the Basic Concepts of Teilhard de Chardin - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2004)
An attempt to correlate specific Bahá'í teachings with the corresponding concepts of Teilhard de Chardin, allowing us to compare the Faith with the 'progressive movements of today' and promote the study of the Bahá'í teachings more deeply.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #46, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 1-4, 2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/46/klebel_chardin.
Keywords: Evil; Independent investigation of truth; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Jesus Christ; Love; Manifestations of God; Philosophy; Progressive revelation; Return; Teilhard de Jardin; Unity; Unity in diversity

Unity in Diversity: A Conceptual Framework for a Global Ethic of Environmental Sustainability - Lalonde,Roxanne (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
This article contributes to environmental ethics by highlighting the common ground among several perspectives and discussing six principles that unite them; "unity in diversity" as a conceptual framework for devising a global ethic of sustainability.
See also an excerpt from this thesis.ER -

Universal Values - Hatcher,William S. (The Science of Morality: Collected Papers, 2007)
Once we acknowledge that human beings are the supreme value in creation, we act on that knowledge. We treat human beings as the ultimate value, as ends rather than means. Contains no mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
See also two videos with the same title, Universal Values. Mirrored with permission from william.hatcher.org.
Keywords: Ethics; Science; Technology; Values; Virtues

Universities as the Gatekeepers of the Intellectual Property of Indigenous People's Medical Knowledge - Jones Kavelin,Chris (Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 2008)
While this article is inspired by Bahá'í principles, it has no mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Health and healing; Indigenous people; Native Americans; Science; Universities

Unofficial information and rumour in the Bahá'í community: The case of "The tree they couldn't kill" - Piff,David (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1998)
Legend and rumor spread via online discussion groups, and the place of "unofficial information" in the world view and social dynamics of a religious community.
Keywords: Báb, House of (Shiraz); Iran (documents); Orange tree; Shíráz, Iran; Trees; Unofficial information

Unsealing the Choice Wine at the Family Reunion - Hatcher,John S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
Bahá’í scripture portrays human progress as propelled by two inextricably related capacities: independently acquired knowledge coupled with social action; in revelation this dynamic relationship is symbolized by the Kitáb-i-Íqán and and the Kitáb-i-Aqdas.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/93.
Keywords: Bible; Bride (metaphor); Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Jerusalem, Israel; John Hatcher; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Metaphors and allegories; New Jerusalem; Prophecies; Quran; Symbolism; Wine (metaphor); Words and phrases

Unsuspected Effects of Religion on your Personality - Keene,James J. (World Order, 1967)
Review of research reports in sociology and social psychology journals to analyse survey data from five religious groups — Jews, Catholics, Protestants, Bahá'ís and non-affiliates — to define four dimensions of key social psychological dynamics.
Content adapted from bahai.works/World_Order.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Judaism; Psychology; Religion (general); Sociology

Unveiling the Hidden Words, by Diana Malouf: An Extended Review - Lewis,Frank (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1998)
Book review, and a commentary on the need for Bahá'í academia aimed at a secular audience, and the possibility of updating the Guardian's translations when English evolves in the future.
This article was published in BSR under the title "Translating the Hidden Words: an extended review of Diana Malouf's Unveiling the Hidden Words." See also Commentary on Franklin Lewis' “Translating the Hidden Words", by Dominic Brookshaw.
Keywords: Arabic language; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Literature; Persian language; Poetry; Style (Writings); Translation

Unveiling the Huri of Love - Hatcher,John S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2005)
Three versions of this paper: Powerpoint presentation, audio file, and published article.
Presentation delivered at the 29th ABS Annual Conference "Science, Religion and Social Transformation," Cambridge MA, August 13 2005. Audio and Powerpoint mirrored with permission from bahai-studies.ca. PDF mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/128. Author affiliation: professor and graduate director of English literature, University of South Florida
Keywords: Houris (huris); John Hatcher; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Love; Maid of Heaven; Manifestations of God; Philosophy; Scholarship; Science

Us and Them: A Study of Alienation and World Order - Lerche,Charles O. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
The division of the world into mutually exclusive identity groups and its implications for international affairs; alienation and estrangement as useful tools; the Bahá'í model of world unity and world civilization; the phenomenon of European integration.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive. See also original scan.
Keywords: Alienation; Europe; History (general); Integration and disintegration; Unity; World order

Usuli, Akhbari, Shaykhi, Babi: The Tribulations of a Qazvin Family - Momen,Moojan (Iranian Studies, 2003)
The emergence of the Usuli school in the evolution of Shi'is jurisprudence and theology in 18th and 19th-century Iran, viewed through the lens of the Baraghani family as it faced schisms of the Akhbari, Shaykhi, and Bábí movements.
Mirrored from nhbahais.com.
Keywords: Akhbari (Shiite school); Equality; Gender; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Jurisprudence; Qazvin, Iran; Shaykhism; Shia Islam (Shiism); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Usuli (Shiite school); Women

Valleys, Mountains, and Teacher Preparation - Johnson,Barbara K. V. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
The metaphor of the soul's journey through the Four Valleys illustrates the practical work of building a team of college and school-based practitioners in the Rocky Mountains to design a new program to prepare teachers for service in the public schools.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/200.ER -

Values Education in Bahá'í Schools - Chapa,Jennifer; Diessner,Rhett (Education, Culture and Values, 2000)
A general introduction to a Bahá'í view of the purpose of education, along with a review of common principles and features of Bahá'í-inspired schools, with a multiculturally sensitive curriculum.
PDF below generated from Microsoft Word original.
Keywords: Bahá'í schools; Cultural diversity; Curriculum; Education; Ethics; Service

Views from a Black Artist in the Century of Light - de Souza,Elizabeth (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
On the experiences of Black artists; biographical notes on McCleary “Bunch” Washington; African-American spiritual songs.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/315. See also complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: African Americans; Arts and crafts; Biography; McCleary Washington {Bunch Washington); Painting; Shamsi Sedaghat; United States (documents)

Vision and the Pursuit of Constructive Social Change - Hanson,Holly (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
Observations about the elements of building new social structures; examples from moments in African American history in the United States to explore how constructive social change involves a systematic cultivation of vision; social transformation.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also complete issue [PDF].ER -

Visits of the Hands of the Cause of God to Ireland - Omidvaran,Betsy (Solas, 2003)
An overview of all known visits by the Hands, the highest-ranking officers of the Bahá’í Faith, to Ireland. Review of the many historical sources about this largely-uninvestigated topic. Includes timeline of the visits between 1952 and 1986.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 3. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Bahá'í history; Chronology and timelines; Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Ireland

Western Islamic Scholarship and Bahá'í Origins - Afnan,Muhammad; Hatcher,William S. (Religion, 1985)
A critique of articles by Denis MacEoin, and a defense of Bahá'í interpretations of history vis-à-vis academic criticism.
See follow-up discussions of this at Debates between MacEoin et al., specifically MacEoin's Bábí Concept of Holy War and his article on 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Also available as a proofread Word document, prepared by Mike Thomas.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Jihad (Holy war); Nayriz, Iran; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Scholarship; Shaykh Tabarsí siege; Zanjan, Iran

Western Liberal Democracy as a New World Order? - Karlberg,Michael (Bahá'í World, 2007)
Is the Western model of democracy the natural and nevitable way to organize free and enlightened societies?
Also available in Spanish and Persian. Mirrored with permission from author's website, myweb.wwu.edu [archive.org]
Keywords: Democracy; Politics

Whanau (extended family) Structures as an Innovative Intervention into Maori Educational and Schooling Crises - Smith,Graham Hingangaroa (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
The development of an innovative response by the indigenous Maori people of New Zealand to the dual crises of Maori educational underachievement on the one hand and to the loss of Maori language, knowledge and culture on the other.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org. Author affiliation: Education Department, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Keywords: Community (general); Cultural diversity; Education; Ethics; Family; Indigenous people; Language; Maori people; New Zealand

What Does Spirituality Look Like? - Sarracino,Robert Sinclair (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2024)
Overview of the concepts of spirit and spirituality in the Bahá’í writings; discussion of a letter from the House on what spirituality should look like today; can the social sciences investigate the phenomenon of spirituality as central to human nature.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Spirituality

"What I Want to Say is Wordless": Mystical Language, Revelation and Scholarship - Velasco,Ismael (Lights of Irfán, 2001)
If the Word of God transcends words and letters, what point is there to Scripture, let alone to scholarship; the paradox of a history of writers penning volumes on a subject which they assert cannot be grasped by language; the relevance of mysticism.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #28, London School of Economics (July 14-6, 2000).Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/28/velasco_apophatic.
Keywords: Christianity; God; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Language; Mysticism; Revelation; Scholarship; Sufism

What is Bahá'í Orientalism? - Nash,Geoffrey (Humanities, 2021)
Postcolonial theory can help analyze religious writing; Edward Said and the concept of mutual othering; power and knowledge are linked in the production of Orientalist discourse. Link to article (offsite).
Link to the author's PDF posted at researchgate.net/profile/Geoffrey-Nash-2. Originally posted at mdpi.com/2076-0787/10/1/2.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Middle East; Modernism; Orientalism; Palestine; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Scholarship; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Turkey

What is Behaism - Bixby,James T. (North American Review, 1912)
An outsider's early overview of Bahá'í history and teachings. Includes discussion of Bahá'í re-interpretations of prophecy
Also available as PDF: bixby_what_is_behaism.pdf
Keywords: Introductory; Prophecies

When the Bombs Drop: Reactions to Disconfirmed Prophecy in a Millennial Sect - Balch,Robert W.; Farnsworth,Gwen; Wilkins,Sue (Sociological Perspectives, 1983)
An academic article about the prophetic expectations of a covenant-breaker group, Baha’is Under the Provisions of the Covenant, who claimed the world would end on April 29, 1980.
See also a follow-up article, Fifteen Years of Failed Prophecy: Coping with cognitive dissonance in a Baha’i sect. The "Bahá'í sect" discussed in this article is not affiliated with the Bahá'í Faith, follows a different set of writings, and has been sued by the legal trademark holders for illegitimate use of Bahá'í terms; see WIPO Domain Name Dispute: Case D2005-0214, "uhj.net". On whether the real Bahá'í Faith has "sects," see The Covenant, Bahá'u'lláh's "Supreme Gift", Protects The Bahá'í Faith From Schism (offsite). Mirrored from sites.google.com.
Keywords: Covenant-breaking; Prophecies

When We In/visibilize Our Nobility... - Sattarzadeh,Sahar D. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
On the Violence Against Women Act; domestic violence and resilience; reimagining resistance and visibilizing justice; visualizing nobility as a meditation; our spiritual afterlives.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/319. See also complete issue [PDF].ER -

Whither the International Auxiliary Language? - Chew,Phyllis Ghim-Lian (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
The Bahá'í Faith has promised that a day will come when there will be a universal auxiliary language taught in schools around the world. This promise is vital for peace and harmony. English and Esperanto have both strengths and flaws.
See also Commentary (Gilman, 1990).
Keywords: English language; Esperanto; International auxiliary language

Who Was a Bahá'í in the Upper Echelons of Qájár Iran? - Momen,Moojan (Religions, 2023)
The nature of multiple religious identities in a traditional society; five criteria by which many individuals can be identified as having secretly been Bahá'ís in the ruling society and administration of Qájár Iran. Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/4/469, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats.
Keywords: Crypto believers; Iran (documents); Qajar dynasty; Royalty

Why Constructive Resilience? An Autobiographical Essay - Penn,Michael L. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
Reflections on growing up African-American; guidance from and a meeting with William Hatcher; the relationship between stress and anxiety, depression, and powerlessness; the practice of constructive resilience.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/314. See also complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: African Americans; Biography; Depression; North Carolina, USA; Resilience; Tests and difficulties; United States (documents)

Why freedom matters: Adding spirituality to Amartya Sen's interpretation on freedom - Varqa,Sathia (2006)
The aim of this paper is to argue why freedom matters to individual being. This is done with reference to the work of Amartya Sen, the 1998 Nobel Prize recipient for economics.
Keywords: Amartya Sen; Economics; Freedom and liberty; Philosophy

Why Indigenous Peoples Are Distinctive - Podger,Sue (Bahá'í Studies in Australasia vol. 3, 1996)
The Bahá'í Faith supplies the direction to follow in the healing of the planet and its peoples. Do indigenous peoples have a special role in bringing about change in mankind's relationship to reality?
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Indigenous people

Why only Baha'is can contribute to the Baha'i funds: The political economy perspective - Varqa,Sathia (2006)
An exploration of why only Bahá'ís have the right and privilege of giving to the Bahá'í fund, demonstrated using the economic concept of rent. The comparison is extended to explain some of the motives of interest groups and political institutions...
Keywords: Economics; Funds; Membership; Politics

Why the Bahá'í Faith Is Not Pluralist - Martin,Grant S. (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
Argues against Seena Fazel that the Bahá’í Faith is not a form of religious pluralism.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/martin_pluralist. See also Religious Pluralism and the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Pluralism; Relativism; Unity of religion

Will Globalization Lead to a World Commonwealth? - Abizadeh,Sohrab (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2005)
How emerging international crises, such as global epidemics, when combined with the fundamental principles of unity and social justice prescribed in the writings of the Bahá’í Faith, are impelling the world toward the formation of a world commonwealth.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/127.
Keywords: Economics; Globalization; Unity; World Commonwealth

Will, Knowledge, and Love as Explained in Baha'u'llah's Four Valleys - Savi,Julio (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
Exploration of some of the "seemingly abstruse" concepts of the Four Valleys.
Early draft of the article which later appeared, in edited form, in JBS. See also a formatted PDF copy of that version, mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. A revised and expanded version is included in Savi's book Towards the Summit of Reality: An Introduction to the Study of Bahá'u'lláh's Seven Valleys and Four Valleys.
Keywords: Chahar Vadi (Four Valleys); Interfaith dialogue; Knowledge; Love; Mysticism; Sufism; Will

Wisdom and Dissimulation: The Use and Meaning of Hikmat in the Bahá'í Writings and History - Maneck,Susan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
Examination of hikmat within the Bahá'í community, especially as it refers to survival strategies in situations of danger or insecurity.
Keywords: Dissimulation; Hikmat; Wisdom; Words and phrases

Wittgensteinian Language-Games in an Indo-Persian Dialogue on the World Religions - Cole,Juan (Iran Nameh, 2015)
Reflections on Bahá'u'lláh's theology of previous religions and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of "language games"; Hinduism, India, and 19th-century Iranian culture; Manakji’s questions about Hinduism and Zoroastrianism.
Keywords: Abrogation and confirmation of laws; Alcohol; Avatars; Bhagavad Gita; Bible; Book of Juk; Christianity; Conversion; Creation; Culture, Indo-Persian; Decline and renewal of religion; Dualism; Food; Genesis (Bible); Geology; God; Grammar; Hinduism; India; Intellect; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Iran (documents); Islam; Judaism; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Krishna; Language; Lawh-i-Manikchi Sahib (Tablets to Manikchi Sahib); Laws; Ludwig Wittgenstein; Mahabad (prophet); Manifestations of God; Manikchi Limji Hataria; Meat; Monism; Mythology; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Neoplatonism; Opposition; Persecution; Philosophy; Progressive revelation; Qiblih; Quran; Reason; Reincarnation; Relativism; Return; Salvation; Science; Tabernacle of Unity (book); Teaching; Unity of religion; Upanishads; Vedas; Yoga Vasistha (Book of Juk); Zoroaster (Zarathustra); Zoroastrianism

Women and Wisdom in Scripture - Ma'ani,Baharieh Rouhani (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
Treatment of women in religion; influence of Bahá'í teachings in raising awareness about the plight of women and transforming attitudes across the globe; role of linguistic biases in degrading their status; role of wisdom in achieving gender equality.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #125, Acuto, Italy (2014). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/125/ma'ani_women.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Equality; Gender; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Universal House of Justice, Membership on; Wisdom; Women; Zoroastrianism

Women Entrepreneurs: Catalysts for Transformation - Starcher,Diane Chamberlin (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 1997)
Describes the dramatic rise in importance of women entrepreneurs and how feminine qualities contribute to their success.
Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at ebbf.org/woman.htm [archive.org], and in French as PDF.
Keywords: Business; Gender; Women

Women in Art - Atkinson,Anne Gordon (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1991)
Historically there have been many impediments to women achieving success in art: household duties, the rearing of children, poverty, and lack of education or encouragement. Bahá'í writings call for equal opportunity, and men have a responsibility too.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Women

Women in the Bahá'í Faith - Maneck,Susan (Religion and Women, 1994)
Bahá'í paradigms of womanhood, and some highlights of women's participation in the Faith's history.
Keywords: Women

"Wonderful True Visions": Magic, Mysticism, and Millennialism in the Making of the American Bahá'í Community, 1892-1895 - Hollinger,Richard (Search for Values: Ethics in Bahá'í Thought, 2004)
The early growth of the American, and especially the Chicago, communities was more gradual and eclectic than previously thought, and Kheiralla's influence was less crucial.
Also available as RTF: hollinger_mysticism_american_1892-1895.rtf.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Chicago, IL; Egypt; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Magic; Millennialism; Mysticism; Occultism; United States (documents); Witchcraft

World Order, Evolution Towards: Notes on recent secondary literature, compilation, and two memoranda from the Bahá'í World Centre - Universal House of Justice (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
Two letters, "Request for Materials about the World Order of Bahá'u'lláh" and "World Government and the Universal House of Justice," and compilation "Extracts from Letters Written by and on Behalf of the House of Justice on Evolution Towards World Order."
The letter below says the memorandum dated 10 September 1990 was prepared by the Research Department and entitled "World Government and the Universal House of Justice", and the compilation entitled "Extracts from Letters Written by and on Behalf of the Universal House of Justice on Evolution Towards World Order" was originally prepared in conjunction with the memorandum, and was revised in 1995. Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Bibliography; Church and state; Covenant; Criticism and apologetics; Politics; Theocracy; Tree (metaphor); Universal House of Justice; World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book); World order

World Order: Complete issues - Various (World Order, 1935)
See also list of online documents from World Order and Topical Index. The entire series is also online at bahai.works/World_Order
Keywords: Periodicals; World Order magazine

Yerrinbool Bahá'í School 1938 - 1988: An Account of the First Fifty Years - Hassall,Graham (CPN Publications, 1988)
History of an early Australian Bahá'í school.
Also available as a PDF scan of the original document.
Keywords: Australia; Bahá'í inspired schools; Yerrinbool Bahá'í School; Yerrinbool, New South Wales

Yínyáng Cosmology and the Bahá'í Faith - Chew,Phyllis Ghim-Lian (Lights of Irfán, 2013)
The yin-yang concept is pivotal to Chinese thought, culture, government, and ethics. It also bears many similarities with Bahá'í philosophy and practice.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #111, Acuto, Italy (July 2012). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/111/chew_yin-yang.
Keywords: China; Chinese religion; Cosmology; Philosophy; Philosophy, Chinese; Taoism; Yin Yang

Youth Suicide in Australia: Future Directions in the New Millennium - Feeney,Farahnaz; Feeney,Kynan (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 2002)
Predisposing factors for youth suicide; current prevention strategies; Bahá'í perspectives; patterns of suicide and homicide in the United States 1933-1990.
See also the rest of this issue.
Keywords: Australia; Suicide

К вопросу о типологии и классификации веры бахаи ("On the Issue of Typology and Classification of the Bahá'í Faith") - Kyselov,Oleg (Essays on Religious Studies, 2011)
An attempt to classify the Bahá'í Faith from a perspective of the sociology of religion and Marxism.
Mirrored from academia.edu.
Keywords: Marxism; New religious movements (NRM); Sociology

Комментарии к Пространной обязательной молитве ("Commentary on the Long Obligatory Prayer") - Washington,Bill (1996)
Комментарий к Пространной обязательной молитве Бахауллы
Translation of Some Passing Comments on the Long Obligatory Prayer of Bahá'u'lláh.
Keywords: Obligatory prayer; Obligatory prayer, Long; Prayer

Шаги в сторону экономической модели бахаи ("Шаги в сторону экономической модели бахаи") - Dahl,Gregory C. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1991)
Светлые идеалы бесплодны, если их обладатели сидят, сложа руки. Вместе с тем, практические действия вполне могут оказаться тщетными, если за ними не стоят светлые идеалы. Нужен баланс и трезвая обратная связь между целями и поступками.
Первоначальный вариант это статьи был опубликован в издании Bahá'í Studies Notebook под названием "Towards an Ever-Advancing Civilization", 3.3/4 (1984): 39-52. Данный перевод опирается на версию публикации, появившуюся в «Журнале исследований бахаи», т. 4. № 3.
Keywords: Economics

به سوی یک جامعه مشترک المنافع در اتحادیه جهانی بهائی از دیدگاه حضرت ولی امرالله ("Towards a Bahá'í World Commonwealth from the Guardian's Perspective"): Bih Súy-i-Yik Jámi'iy-i-Mushtaraku'l-Manáfi' dar Ittiḥádíyyiy-i-Jaháníy-i-Bahá'í az Dídgáh-i-Ḥaḍrat-i-Valíyy-i-Amru'lláh - Badee,Hooshmand (Khúshih-Há'í Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar, 2013)
See bahai-library.com/kharman_adab_honar_17.
Keywords: Economics

حضرت عبدالبهاء - پیشگام اقتصاد اخلاقی ("'Abdu'l-Bahá - A Pioneer of Moral Economics"): Ḥaḍrat-i-'Abdu'l-Bahá: Píshgám-i-Iqtiṣád-i-Akhláqí - Badee,Hooshmand (Payam-i Bahá'í, 2021)
Keywords: Economics

خوشه هایی از خرمن ادب و هنر ("From the rich harvest of Persian culture and literature, index"): Khúshih-Há'í Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar - Various (1989)
Twenty volumes of scholarship in Persian, based on proceedings and papers from the Society of Persian Arts and Letters conferences (Khoosh-i-Ha'i Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar = "from the rich harvest of Persian culture and literature").
Though published by Landegg and later Asr-i-Jadid, these volumes were largely unavailable except for purchase at the London conferences. Some of the volumes are thematic, including on notable Bahá'ís; others include works on important historical figures and scholars, detailed investigations of certain Bahá'í scriptures, and papers and commentaries on Persian culture. These conferences started in the early 1990s in Landegg, then moved to Tambach for short period, and finally came to London.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Culture, Persian; Indexes and catalogues; Khoosh-i-Hai Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar

خوشه هایی از خرمن ادب و هنر vol. 1 ("From the rich harvest of Persian culture and literature"): Khúshih-Há'í Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar - Various (Khúshih-Há'í Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar, 1989)
See all 20 issues.ER -

خوشه هایی از خرمن ادب و هنر vol. 20 ("From the rich harvest of Persian culture and literature"): Khúshih-Há'í Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar - Various (Khúshih-Há'í Az Kharman-i-Adab va Honar, 2018)
See all 20 issues.ER -

نظری اجمالی به زیانهای ناشی از تبعیضات اقتصادی بر ضد جامعه بهائی در ایران ("A brief overview of economic apartheid against the Bahá'ís in Iran and its impact on the economy of Iran"): Naẓarí Ijmálí bih Zíyán-háy-i-Náshí az Tab'íḍát-i-Iqtiṣádí bar Ḍidd-i-Jámi'iy-i-Bahá'í dar Írán - Badee,Hooshmand (Payam-i Bahá'í, 2015)
Keywords: Economics