Louise Dixon Boyle and Maria Montessori - Khan,Janet A. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2006)
American Louise Dixon Boyle (1875–1953) was an active Bahá'í who engaged with wider social issues. Here the focus is on her involvement in the field of education, particularly the work of the Italian physician and educator Dr. Maria Montessori.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca.
Keywords: Biography; Louise Dixon Boyle; Montessori (system)

Love Relationship between God and Humanity: Reflections on Baha'u'llah's Hidden Words - Savi,Julio (Scripture and Revelation: Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium, 1997)
An overview of God and man's relationship as expressed in Bahá'u'lláh's Hidden Words.
This is an early draft of an article which later appeared in Scripture and Revelation. First presented at the Irfan Colloquia session #2, March 1994.
Keywords: Covenant; God; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Love; Spirituality

Love, Power, and Justice - Hatcher,William S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
The pursuit and abuse of power are moral choices for which there is no moral justification.
See also "Love, Power and Justice" audio lecture and L’amour, le pouvoir et la justice. Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/113.
Keywords: Authenticity; Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lectures; Ideology; Injustice; Justice; Literature; Love; Philosophy; Power; Relationships

Macrocriticism: A Comparison of Nicolai Berdyaev and Shoghi Effendi - Lundberg,Zaid (Studies in Bahá'í Philosophy, 2012)
Comparison of "the most widely read of the Russian religious philosophers" with the background and style of Shoghi Effendi's religious, ethical, and social writings.
See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Nicolai Berdyaev; Philosophy; Russia; Shoghi Effendi

Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq: The Rebellion of Ottoman Karbala 1824-1843 - Cole,Juan; Momen,Moojan (Past and Present, 1986)
On the role of gangs in urban social history of the 19-century Ottoman empire; with a decline in government control, gangs ran protection rackets and acted as a parallel government, making alliances and becoming popular leaders against an alien threat.
Posted by author at academia.edu. Purchase original at jstor.org.
Keywords: History (general); Iraq; Karbala, Iraq; Ottoman Empire; Shia Islam (Shiism)

Maharishi Ayurveda: A Bahá'í Exploration - Rawlings,Felicity (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
Some of the therapeutic strategies of Maharishi Ayurveda and comparative assessment to the Bahá’í writings, and as seen in light of our the understanding of homeostasis, pathogeny, and the mind-body relationship.
See also the rest of this issue. See also an earlier version published in Journal Bahá'í Studies 4:3 (1992).
Keywords: Ayurveda; Health and healing; India; Maharishi Ayurveda; Meditation

Maharishi Ayurveda: A Bahá'í Exploration - Rawlings,Felicity (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Some of the therapeutic strategies of Maharishi Ayurveda and how they correspond to the Bahá’í writings on healing.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. See also a later version published in Australian Bahá'í Studies 3 (2001).
Keywords: Ayurveda; Health and healing; India; Maharishi Ayurveda; Meditation

Mahdist Movements - Wilson,Samuel Graham (Modern Movements among Moslems, 1916)
An unsympathetic Christian missionary's early history of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths. Excerpt from longer book.
This entire book is available online and in PDF format here. See also Word document (of this chapter only).
Keywords: Bábísm; Criticism and apologetics

Man Is Man: `Abdu'l-Bahá on Human Evolution - Neshati,Ramin (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
Bahá’ís believe in the essential harmony of science and religion, yet they reject Darwinian evolutionary theories which are strongly supported by the scientific community. How can we resolve this seeming impasse?
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #74, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 24-27, 2007). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/74/neshati_evolution.
Keywords: Evolution; Irfan Colloquia; Science

Margaret Danner, the Black Arts Movement, and the Bahá'í Faith - Hollinger,Richard (elixir-journal.org, 2016)
Short overview of the life of a black Bahá’í poet of some renown in the 1960s and 1970s. Includes one sample poem.
Mirrored with permission from www.elixir-journal.org.
Keywords: Biography

Marginality and Apostasy in the Bahá'í Community - Momen,Moojan (Religion, 2007)
Study of a particular type of articulate and well-educated ex-Bahá'ís, here termed "marginal" and "apostates," who first appeared in the West about 25 years ago and reached the peak of their activity in the last decade.
Also available as a PDF scan of the original document. Below are two items: (1) the original article and (2) the follow-up commentary; both items mirrored with permission from www.momen.org/relstud. See also a published response, Challenging Apostasy: Responses to Moojan Momen's ‘Marginality and Apostasy in the Bahá'í Community’. Some web-posted responses from people mentioned in this article are linked from the bottom of www.bahai-faith.com/Momen.html. See also Bahá'í and Subud Dissent: Developments in the 2000s and Debates between MacEoin et al.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; H-Bahá'í (email list); Talisman (email list)

Mark Tobey's City Paintings: Meditations on an Age of Transition - Badiee,Julie (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
On the evolutionary character of Tobey's "City Paintings" during the decades of the 1930s-50s: they may be understood as modern reinterpretations of the traditional themes of the Apocalypse, Hell, the Day of Judgment, and New Jerusalem — the Bahá'í age.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Age of transition; Arts and crafts; Mark Tobey; Painting

Marriage and the Nuclear Family: A Bahá'í Perspective - Khavari,Khalil A. (Bahá'í Studies Notebook, 1983)
Bahá'í concepts of the purposes of marriage, courtship and dating, family communication, and children.
See Bahá'í Studies Notebook 3.1 table of contents.
Keywords: Family; Marriage

Marriage Breakdown in North America: A Psychosocial Perspective - Mothersill,Kerry (Bahá'í Studies Notebook, 1983)
What are the effects of marital breakdown, what are its causes, and what can be done to enhance marital and family stability?
See Bahá'í Studies Notebook 3.1 table of contents.
Keywords: Divorce; Individualism; Marriage; Materialism; Psychology

Marriage: the Eternal Principle - Eyford,Ruth; Eyford,Helgi (Bahá'í Studies Notebook, 1983)
The role marriage plays in our ultimate purpose to know and worship God. The practical implications of marriage from a Bahá'í perspective. To what extent can we accept modern secular answers and therapists' techniques to marital problems?
See Bahá'í Studies Notebook 3.1 table of contents.
Keywords: Marriage

Martha Root: "Herald of the Kingdom" - Casterline,Barbara (Bahá'í News, 1972)
Two-part overview of Root's life and a concise history of her travels.
Keywords: Biography; Hands of the Cause; Martha Root

Martyrdom and Servanthood in the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths: A Struggle to Defend a Cosmic Order - Akerdahl,Per-Olof (Martyrdom in the Modern Middle East, 2014)
From mystical Islam stems the ideal of servanthood, which is preferred over a concept of martyrdom that includes physical death; on ideological motivations for the persecution of Bahá'ís in different socio-historical circumstances.
Mirrored from nomos-elibrary.de. Download complete issue, dehghani_martyrdom_middle_east.pdf.
Keywords: Martyrdom

Marxism Yesterday and Today - Leys,Colin (The Bahá'í Faith and Marxism, 1987)
Marxist movements today and the prospects for change. No mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Communism; Marxism; Philosophy

Marxism, Human Nature, and Society - Adkin,Laurie E. (The Bahá'í Faith and Marxism, 1987)
On Marxism, human nature, alienatation and emancipation, and feminism. No mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Communism; Human nature; Marxism; Sociology

Massacres de Babis en Perse - Nicolas,A.L.M. (Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1936)
On events in 1903 in Rasht, Isfahan, Yazd, and Tehran, written by a French consul in Iran.
Another version of this book has been scanned by afnanlibrary.org.
Keywords: A.L.M. Nicolas; Iran (documents); Isfahan, Iran; Persecution; Persecution, Deaths; Persecution, Iran; Rasht, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Yazd, Iran

Maturation and Learning in the Bahá'í Community - Levick,David (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
The paradigm for Bahá'í decision-making and consultation; relativist vs. subjectivist ontology; hermeneutic-dialectic methodology; the unconscious process of decision-making vs. learning a mature and conscious process of decision-making.
See also the rest of this issue.
Keywords: Learning; Maturity of humanity

May Knowledge Grow in our Hearts: Applying Spiritual Principles to Development Practice - Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (2010)
On how an organization can employ the methods of science and the principles of religion together while working for a more humane and just world, via the case of India's Seva Mandir (Temple of Service). [Link to PDF, offsite.]
The document linked below is housed at globalprosperity.org/resources.
Keywords: India; Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP); Rajasthan, India; Religion (general); Science; Seva Mandir; Social and economic development

Mayflowers in the Ville Lumière: The Dawning of Bahá'í History in the European Continent - Savi,Julio (Lights of Irfán, 2011)
In intellectual and artistic Paris of the fin de siècle, a young American becomes the catalyst for the spiritual awakening of a group of early believers. The paper examines the mysterious ways through which they came to recognize the dawn of the new era.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/97/savi_mayflowers.
Keywords: Agnes Alexander; Edith MacKay; Edith Sanderson; France; Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney; Laura Clifford Barney; Paris, France; Thomas Breakwell

Mediation, Transformation and Consultation: A Comparative Analysis of Conflict Resolution Models - Sinclair,Guy (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
The Bahá'í principle of consultation as a framework for mediation, transformation, and the process of conflict resolution. The need for dialogue between all those concerned with such goals.
Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Conflict; Conflict resolution; Consultation; Peace; War

Medieval Islam: The Influence of Islam on Judaism and Christianity - Khursheed,Anjam (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
Prior to the Renaissance, Islam inspired revivals in the cultural traditions of Christianity and Judaism, indicating a harmony between the three religions. The reforms inspired by Islam were a prelude to the modern scientific revolution.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 2.
Keywords: Christianity; Civilization; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Philosophy; Philosophy, Islamic; Renaissance; Science

Meditation and Health - Friedman,Paul (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
Prayer and meditation as synergistic forces of transformation; transcendental meditation; forms of Bahá'í meditation: pondering and reflecting, silent wordless reflection, seeking divine wisdom, or using repetition of words or phrases.
See also the rest of this issue.
Keywords: Health and healing; Meditation

Meeting a Prophet - Bell,Archie (The Spell of the Holy Land, 1915)
Book chapter containing three interviews with 'Abdu'l-Bahá at the Sea of Galilee.
For a more accurate description about the station of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, see The Station and Titles of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, by Shoghi Effendi.
Keywords: Ahmad Sohrab; Akka, Israel; Buddhism; Christianity; Confucius; Conversion; Decline and renewal of religion; Equality; Health and healing; Humility; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Israel; Judaism; Miracles; Philosophers; Philosophy; Priesthood; Religion (general); Sea of Galilee, Israel; Service; Statistics; Teaching; Unity; Unity of religion; Zoroaster (Zarathustra); `Abdu'l-Bahá

Memorials of the Faithful: The Democratization of Sainthood - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2016)
Hagiography in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the precedent of Faridu'd-Din's "Memorials of the Saints"; Abdu'l-Bahá innovations in this traditional literary format.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/momen_sainthood.
Keywords: Attar (poet); Hagiography; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Memorials of the Faithful (book)

Memorials of the Faithful: Virtues of Inner and Outer Transformation - Koswan,Marlene (Lights of Irfán, 2016)
A study of the virtues identified for the faithful individuals mentioned in "Memorials of the Faithful" and how they exemplified character, manners and conduct, using the "Seven Valleys" as a guide for human conduct.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #135 (Louhelen, 2015). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/135/koswan_memorials.
Keywords: Character; Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Memorials of the Faithful (book); Virtues

Memories of My Life: Translation of Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán's Khátirát-i-Hayát - Rabbani,Ahang (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
Bio of the life of Habíbu'lláh Afnán-i-A`lá'í, born 1875, especially his years with the family of the wife of the Báb, Khadijih Bagum, and her sister, Zahrá Bagum.
Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org. See another version of this translation, with Preface and Appendices, at rabbani_habibullah_afnan_memories.
Keywords: Afnan; Biography; Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb)

Messengers of God in North America, Revisited: An Exegesis of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Tablet to Amír Khán - Buck,Christopher; Addison,Donald (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
The indigenous peoples of the Americas have their own claim to wisdom tradition, which derive from Messengers of God to First Nations. This principle is anchored in the Tablet to Amír Khán Áhan.
See also Native Messengers of God in Canada? A Test Case for Bahá'í Universalism. Mirrored with permission from oj.bahaistudies.net/. Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Canada; Exegesis; Indigenous people; Interfaith dialogue; Native American messengers; Native Americans; Tablet to Amir Khan; United States (documents); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of

Messianic Concealment and Theophanic Disclosure - Momen,Moojan (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
The argument about exactly when Bahá'u'lláh became aware of his mission. Relevant issues and rival perspectives.
Mirrored with permission from www.momen.org/relstud/. PDF posted at oj.bahaistudies.net. Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Amr (word); Baghdad, Iraq; Bahá'u'lláh; Bahá'u'lláh, Birth of Revelation of; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Báb, The; Concealment; Criticism and apologetics; Dalail-i-Sabih (Seven Proofs); Hadith of Kumayl; Iraq; Kitáb-i-Asma (Book of Names); Manifestations of God, Gradual disclosure of; Mirrors; Shahifiy-i-Shattiyyih (Book of the River); Words and phrases

Metaphor and the Language of Revelation - Woodman,Ross (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1997)
To enter the realm of metaphor as the language of the soul is to come into direct contact with the Word as the originating power of creation.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb; Bible; Birds; Breath; Bride (metaphor); Báb, Grammar of; Báb, Trial of; Báb, Trial of; Christianity; Creation; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Disconnected letters of the Quran; Flowers; God; God, Throne of; God, Word of; God, Worlds of; Henry Corbin; Houris (huris); Hurqalya; Islam; Jerusalem, Israel; John Milton (author); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Life after death (afterlife); Literature; Literature, English; Lover and the Beloved; Maid of Heaven; Manifestations of God; Metaphors and allegories; Mind, spirit, soul; Mirrors; Mount Carmel; New Jerusalem; Nightingales; Northrop Frye; Poetry; Prayer; Progressive revelation; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Quddus; Questions and answers; Quran; Resurrection; Return; Revelation; Ross Woodman; Self-knowledge; Shaykhism; Soul; Symbolism; Síyáh-Chál (Black Pit, Tehran); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Typology; Unity of religion; William Blake

Metaphorical Literalism and the Poetics of Reality: Ahmad Ahsá'í, Figuration, and the World of Images - Lawson,Todd (Arabic, Persian, and Turkic Poetics: Towards a Post-Eurocentric Literary Theory, 2024)
Overview of the life of Shaykh Ahmad; his thoughts about the technical rhetorical terms mithál, mathal, and mithl (images), which functioned more as metaphor than simile or parable in the Qur'an and the words of the Imams.
Keywords: Akhbari (Shiite school); Alam-i-Mithal (World of images); Hadith; Imams; Metaphors and allegories; Mujtahid; Northrop Frye; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'i; Shaykhism; Shia Islam (Shiism); Usuli (Shiite school)

Methodology and Bahá'í Studies: The Bridge between Realities - Hatcher,John S. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
The role of Bahá'í academics to bring to light aspects of the dual physical and spiritual aspects of reality.
Keywords: John Hatcher; Scholarship

Methodology in Bahá'í studies - Momen,Moojan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
How Bahá'í scholars can interact with secular academia. Bahá’í scholarship can develop in two ways: interior (scholarship that develops within the Bahá’í community, based on faith) and exterior (academic scholarship based on rationalistic methodology).
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Scholarship

Methods and qualities of the seekers of Reality in Some Answered Questions in the light of Bahá'í Scriptures - Savi,Julio (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
The criteria and qualities of the seekers of Reality. The senses, reason, and reliance on scriptural texts are inadequate means but can be usefully combined. It is only the bounty of the Holy Spirit which bestows enlightenment and certitude, however.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #83, Center for Bahá'í Studies: Acuto, Italy (July 3-6, 2008). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/83/savi_seekers.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Philosophy; Reality; Search; Some Answered Questions (book)

Midhat Pasha and 'Abdu'l-Baha in 'Akka: The Historical Background of the Tablet of the Land of Bá - Alkan,Necati (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2005)
Background of the tablet Lawh-i-Ard-i-Bá, revealed by Bahá'u'lláh on occasion of Abdu'l-Bahá travelling to Beirut to meet the governor of Syria. Includes an account by Mirza Haydar Ali of the Pasha's visit.
Mirrored with permission of author from academia.edu. PDF below from a Microsoft Word version prepared by Mike Thomas (2022); see also original PDF. See also encyclopedia article Medhat Pasha.
Keywords: Beirut, Lebanon; Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Lawh-i-Ard-i-Ba (Tablet of the Land of Ba); Lebanon; Midhat Páshá; `Abdu'l-Bahá

Millennialism and Violence: The Attempted Assassination of Nasir al-Din Shah of Iran by the Babis in 1852 - Momen,Moojan (Nova Religio, 2008)
Events leading up to the assassination attempt, and political and social factors leading to the violence.
Updated version of a presentation from 2004. See also Millennialist Narrative and Apocalyptic Violence.
Keywords: 1850s; Millennialism; Nasirid-Din Shah, Attempt on; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Violence

Millennialism in Modern Iranian History - Cole,Juan (Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America, 2002)
Religions in Iran have been volatile and evolving, from a tool of the establishment to representing the voice of the oppressed, from passive to revolutionary. Bahá'u'lláh adapted these motifs to create a vehicle for socially-liberal and democratic ideals.
Adapted from personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bahai/2003/millen2.htm.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Millennialism; Sociology

Millennialist Narrative and Apocalyptic Violence: The Case of the Babis of Iran - Momen,Moojan (Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religions, 2018)
How apocalyptic narratives played out in events of 1848-50, stages in the escalation of the conflict, factors that increased the likelihood of violence, and developments after 1852 that moved the focus of the religion from pre- to post-millennialism.
Mirrored with permission from jbasr.com. See also Millennialism and Violence.ER -

Mind: "The Power of the Human Spirit" - Filson,Gerald (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2023)
Correlating Bahá’í concepts of the mind with insights from philosophy; conceptual ways of knowing; implications of language for philosophy of mind; science and religion both shed light on the capacities and nature of the mind, including the spiritual.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Animal cognition; Animals; Mind; Mind, spirit, soul; Philosophy; Rationality; Reason; Religion (general); Science; Soul; Spirit (general)

Minimalism from a Bahá'í Perspective - Rahnamaie,Mahyad Zaerpoor (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
Minimalism accepts the objective reality outside human perception but may go beyond the reductionism of scientific objectivity. This is relevant to the Bahá’ís, as they favour a perspective in which reality is treated as a unified whole.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #89, Center for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (June 28 - July 1, 2009). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/89/zaerpoor%20rahnamaie_minimalism
Keywords: Epistemology; Irfan Colloquia; Knowledge; Minimalism; Philosophy; Science

Models and Idols: Towards a Philosophy of the Community of Mind - Fatheazam,Shahbaz (Lights of Irfán, 2005)
It is the coexistence of action and learning that modifies community and its traditions, and this coexistence needs systematic study. Community building is a dynamic process amongst the Bahá’ís. The danger of Bacon's 'idols of the mind'.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #51, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 10-13, 2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/51/fatheazam_models.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Philosophy

Modernity as an Age of Transition - Schewel,Benjamin (Bahá'í World, 2023)
Modernity reconceptualized as a period of humanity’s collective adolescence; origins of the modern age of transition; ideological frustration; toward a new horizon of research and intellectual activity.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where it is available in a nicer HTML format.
Keywords: Adolescence of humanity; Age of transition; Center on Modernity in Transition (COMIT); Communication; Enlightenment; History (general); Maturity of humanity; Modernity; Philosophy; Research; Sociology; Transformation; Transportation; Universities

Molla Nasreddin Magazine and Bahá'í Faith - Babayeva Majnunqizi,Gulbeniz (Universidad y Sociedad, 2023)
Mollá Nasr-al-Din, a weekly journal in Azeri Turkish published from 1906-1931, provided a platform for social and political commentary and criticized autocratic regimes; tensions between the magazine and Bahá'ís, whom it sharply criticized. Link.
Online at rus.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/rus/issue/view/93. See full issue at rus.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/rus/issue/view/93.
Keywords: Azerbaijan; Criticism and apologetics

Monotheistic Religion in Africa: The Example of the Swazi People - Pemberton-Pigott,Margaret; Pemberton-Pigott,Crispin (Bahá'í Faith and the World's Religions, 2005)
Similarities between the Bahá'í Faith and the ancient traditional beliefs of the Swazi people of Southern Africa.
First presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #14, Bahá'í Centre, Manchester, England (July 4-6, 1997). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/14/pemberton-pigott_africa.
Keywords: Africa; African religion; Indigenous people; Interfaith dialogue; Sabaeanism; Swazi religion

Montessori and the Bahá'í Faith - Hacker,Barbara (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
The work of the educationalist Maria Montessori was attuned to the spirit of the Bahá’í Era. Her view that children are key to the development of human society and ultimately world peace are presented in relation to Bahá’í writings on these subjects.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Education; Montessori (system)

Mormonism and the Bahá'í Faith - Collins,William P. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
Historical contacts between Bahá’ís and Mormons; Mormon views of the Bahá’í Faith; Bahá’í views of Mormonism; literature on Mormons and Bahá’ís.
This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. Permission to cross-post articles given by ABS editor in 1997 and 2000 when I was building the first bahai-studies.ca website.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)

Moslem Mystics - Younghusband,Francis (Modern Mystics, 1935)
An entire chapter with background on the Imam Mahdi and Shaykhism, and a detailed history of the Bábí faith, actions of the early believers, and the Báb's martyrdom.ER -

Muhammad `Abduh and Rashid Rida: A Dialogue on the Bahá'í Faith - Cole,Juan (World Order, 1981)
Translation of a dialogue between two influential Sunni thinkers of the early Twentieth Century; contains much of historical interest.
Mirrored with permission from h-net.org. Also available as a Microsoft Word document.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Middle East; Muhammad Abduh; Rashid Rida; Reform

Muhammad as Educator, Islam as Enlightenment, and the Quran as Sacred Epic - Lawson,Todd (Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam, 2020)
To Islam, civilization in prosperity and harmony is sacred; education is pivotal in the journey from ignorance to enlightenment; overview of the "heroic" theme and "epic" structure of the Qur'an. Contains no mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
Mirrored with permission from toddlawson.ca/publications.
Keywords: Civilization; Enlightenment (movement); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Muhammad (Prophet); Quran

Muhammad Musaddiq and the Bahá'ís - Choubine,Bahram (2010)
Two essays: "Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh and the Baha’is" (2009) and "Suppression of the Baha’is of Iran in 1955" (2008).
A version of the second essay was published in BSR 15:1 (2009). Another version was published online by the author in 2008, and is available here. Both posted here in 2013 by permission of translator.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Muhammad Musaddiq; Persecution; Persecution, Human rights; Persecution, Iran; United States (documents)

Mutilated Body of the Modern Nation: Qurrat al-'Ayn's Unveiling and the Persian Massacre of the Bábís - Mottahedeh,Negar (Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 1998)
A Freudian interpretation of the extreme antipathy underlying common Iranian opposition to the Babis/Bahá'ís as being disruptive symbols of destabilizing modernism, with the stories of Qurratu'l-'Ayn's public unveiling a central element.
Presented at the Interdisciplinary 19th Century Studies Conference, University of California at Berkeley, April 1997. See also another version of this paper, Ruptured Spaces and Effective Histories: The Unveiling of the Bábí Poetess Qurrat al-'Ayn-Tahirih in the Gardens of Badasht.
Keywords: Badasht, Iran; Bábí history; Conference of Badasht (1848); Dawn-Breakers (book); Equality; Iran (documents); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Veils; Women

Mysteries of Alast: The Realm of Subtle Entities and the Primordial Covenant in the Babi-Bahá'í Writings - Kazemi,Farshid (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2009)
One of the more esoteric concepts in Shi'i and Shaykhi thought is the "realm of subtle entities," 'ālam-i dharr, a sort of pre-existence for the archetype of humanity, which is relevant to free will and the seven stages of creation.
First presented at Irfan Colloquia session #88 (2009). Posted by author to academia.edu.
Keywords: Alast (Primordial Covenant); Arc of ascent and descent; Covenant; Free will; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Seven stages of creation; Shaykhism; Shia Islam (Shiism)

Mysticism and the Bahá'í Community - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
The five characteristic features common to mystical orders in Buddhism, Christianity or Islam. Bahá'u'lláh's attitude to these characteristic features. Bahá'u'lláh turns the whole of the Bahá'í community into a mystical fellowship.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #36, London (July 13-15, 2001). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/36/momen_mysticism.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Mysticism; Sufism

Mysticism and the Bahá'í Faith - Ma'sumian,Farnaz (Deepen, 1995)
An examination of the Bahá'í Faith's relation to mysticism and mystic themes and ideas present in the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Cosmology; Interfaith dialogue; Meditation; Mysticism; Prayer; Soul; Sufism

Mysticism East and West - Jahanpour,Fargang (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
The meaning and nature of mysticism and some of the leading ideas in Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish, Christian, and Bahá'í mysticism, exploring some of their similarities and differences.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #28, London School of Economics, London (July 14-6, 2000). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/28/jahanpour_mysticism
Keywords: Buddhism; Dualism; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Monism; Mysticism; Nirvana; Philosophy; Zoroastrianism

Mysticism in African Traditional Religion and in the Bahá'í Faith: Classification of Concepts and Practices - Tanyi,Enoch (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
Both African Traditional Religion and the Bahá'í Faith originate from God, but at different times in the evolution of humankind. Owing to this common origin, the two have much in common. Both are essentially mystic in nature.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #36, London (July 13-15, 2001). Reprinted in The Bahá'í Faith and the World's Religions, George Ronald, 2005.Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/36/tanyi_mysticism.
Keywords: Africa; African religion; Health and healing; Irfan Colloquia; Magic; Mysticism; Possession; Psychic powers; Spiritualism

Native Messengers of God in Canada?: A Test Case for Bahá'í Universalism - Buck,Christopher (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
Explores the possibility of including other great religious figures in the Bahá'í category of "Manifestations of God" using the Iroquois prophet Deganawida as an example.
See also Messengers of God in North America, Revisited: An Exegesis of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s Tablet to Amír Khán, by Christopher Buck and Donald Addison. See also a commentary on this article by William Collins. First published in Bahá'í Studies Review (1996), later abridged for Reason and Revelation: Studies in Bábí and Bahá'í History 13 (2002). This article won the Award for Excellence in Bahá’í Studies (University Category), Association for Bahá’í Studies (Ottawa).
Keywords: Canada; Indigenous Messengers of God; Interfaith dialogue; Native American messengers; Native Americans; Prophecies; Tablet to Amir Khan; United States (documents)

Natural Stirrings at the Grassroots: Development, Doctrine, and the Dignity Principle - Vakil,Anna C. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
Grassroots-led initiatives are central to the development efforts in the global Bahá’í community. Modernization, Marxian, and civil society paradigms seek to explain these “stirrings at the grassroots”, to which is here added "development with dignity".
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Grassroots; Social and economic development

Negahi-bi-Tarikh ("Examination of History") - Furutan,Ali-Akbar (Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1985)
This book, "Examination of history," is about the word history. It talks about history in general and its relation to events, including the history of a country, of a person, and the philosophy of history.
Keywords: History (general); `Alí-Akbar Furútan

Neoplatonism and the Bahá'í Writings, Part 1 - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2010)
An examination of the Enneads of Plotinus and Proclus’ The Elements of Theology in Bahá'í terms, and as an aid in understanding the nature of the philosophy embedded in the Bahá'í Writings. Part 1.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #93, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 8-11, 2009). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/93/kluge_neoplatonism. See also Part 2.
Keywords: Enneads; Irfan Colloquia; Neoplatonism; Philosophy; Plotinus

Neoplatonism and the Bahá'í Writings, Part 2 - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2011)
An examination of the Enneads of Plotinus and Proclus’ The Elements of Theology in Bahá'í terms, and as an aid in understanding the nature of the philosophy embedded in the Bahá'í Writings. Part 2.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/kluge_neoplatonism2. See also Part 1.
Keywords: Enneads; Neoplatonism; Philosophy; Plotinus

'Never Again': Kevin Gover's Apology for the Bureau of Indian Affairs - Buck,Christopher (Wicazo Sa Review: A Journal of Native American Studies, 2006)
This article does not mention the Bahá'í Faith, but was published in a social justice and human rights journal and written by a Bahá'í.
Mirrored with permission from Project Muse, muse.jhu.edu.
Keywords: Canada; Human rights; Native Americans; United States (documents)

New Age Movement and the Bahá'í Faith - Lundberg,Zaid (Lights of Irfán, 2000)
How to define the New Age Movement, its similarities to and differences from the Bahá'í Faith, and how it may be defined in relation to the Bahá'í Faith.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #14, Manchester, England (July 4-6, 1997). Reprinted in The Bahá'í Faith and the World's Religions (George Ronald, 2005). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/14/lundberg_newage.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; New Age

New Black Power: Constructive Resilience and the Efforts of African American Bahá'ís - Smith,Derik (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
The Bahá’í approach to social transformation expands our conceptions of power; we need to develop new images of Black Power especially; individuals, institutions, and communities can use constructive resilience to transform society and counter oppression.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/317. See also complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Oppression; Resilience

New Directions for Economics - Dahl,Gregory C. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
How spiritual principles can be applied to economic life; Bahá'ís are called to concern themselves with the inequalities in the world and bring their personal lives and the actions of their communities more in line with principles of compassion.
Article mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/244. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Economics; Equality; Wealth and poverty

New Knowledge from Old: Conceptions of the Library in the Writings of Shoghi Effendi - Rickards,Lev (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2022)
Conceptions of libraries in the writings of Shoghi Effendi compared to different meanings assigned to libraries throughout history; comments on Bahá’í beliefs that could inform the practice of librarianship; avenues for future research.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue "Human utterance is an essence which aspireth to exert its influence" [PDF].
Keywords: Administrative Order; International Bahá'í Library; Knowledge; Libraries; Shoghi Effendi; Universities

New Religions and Religious Movements: The Common Heritage - Sharon,Moshe (Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements, and the Babi-Bahá'í Faiths, 2004)
The 19th Century; Croce’s religion of liberty; modern religious activity; the Qur'an and classical heritage; nature of revelation; magic and the names of God; mysticism of names and letters for the Bab; the letter bá'; Tafsir Basmalah.
This paper was first posted in Word format at Hebrew University of Jerusalem [archive.org], where the author was the Chair in Bahá'í Studies.
Keywords: Abjad system; Arabic alphabet; Arabic language; Báb, Writings of; God, Names of; Greatest Name

New Religious System for Contemporary Society - Beyer,Peter (Global Religious Vision, 2001)
On scholarship and categories of religions in the global society, religion as a function system, and unity in differences. Contains only one passing mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
Mirrored from globalvisionpub.com.Beyer's theories are discussed by Sen McGlinn in "A Difficult Case: Beyer's Categories and the Bahá'í Faith."
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Religion (general); Sociology

Nietzsche and the Bahá'í Writings: A First Look - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2016)
First version, missing footnotes. See update.
This version is missing footnotes. See the updated version (2016). Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #130 (Bosch, 2015). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/130/kluge_nietzsche.
Keywords: Friedrich Nietzsche; Philosophers; Philosophy

Nietzsche and the Bahá'í Writings: A First Look (reprint, with footnotes) - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2017)
Bahá'í Writings and Nietzsche’s philosophy share a surprising number of features in common that allow us to re-vision Nietzsche from a new perspective. Both analyze reality in Aristotelian terms: actuality/potential; essence/attribute, matter/form, etc.
First printed in Lights of Irfan vol. 17, but that version was missing footnotes.Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #130 (Bosch, 2015). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/130/kluge_nietzsche. Also available in French translation.
Keywords: Friedrich Nietzsche; Philosophers; Philosophy

Nietzsche et les écrits bahá'ís: Une première approche - Kluge,Ian (2017)
Translation of "Nietzsche and the Bahá'í Writings: A First Look."
See English original.
Keywords: E-books (articles); Friedrich Nietzsche; Philosophers; Philosophy

Night as Frontier: Some Implications for the Bahá'í Community - Hoonaard, van den,Will C. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
Sociological effects of night-shift employment and the nocturnal populace.
Keywords: Business; Night; Psychology; Sleep; Sociology; Work

Not Just for Consumers: An Argument for Depicting Diverse Beliefs on U.S. Television - Vance,Deborah Clark (Diversity and Mass Communication: Evidence of Impact, 2007)
Globally, with few exceptions, television is a conduit for reaffirming hegemonic beliefs. How can we respond to the pressure towards standardization and homogenization? An increased awareness of one’s own cultural assumptions is needed.
Keywords: Cultural diversity; Interfaith dialogue; Internet; Materialism; Media (communication); United States (documents)

Notes on Persian Love Poems - Gail,Marzieh (World Order, 1968)
A short history of Persian poetry. Includes a selection of poems by Hafiz, Rumi, Ali-Kuli Khan, and others, many related to the Bahá'í Faith or quoted by Bahá'u'lláh or Abdu'l-Bahá, and one written for Abdu'l-Bahá.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Hafez (poet); Iran (documents); Literature; Literature, Persian; Marzieh Gail; Poetry; Rumi (Mevlana); `Alí Kulí Khán

Notes on the Babi and Bahá'í Religions in Russia and its territories - Hassall,Graham (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1993)
Overview of the history of Bábí and Bahá'í communities in Russia and Russian territories.
See also Hassall's Bahá'í Communities by Country: Research Notes. See also a formatted PDF version of this article, mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Ashgabat; Bahá'í history by country; Baltic States; Communism; Estonia; Isabella Grinevskaya; Latvia; Leo Tolstoy (author); Lithuania; Persecution; Persecution, Other; Persecution, Russia; Russia

O Pen!: Reflections on Suriy al-Qalam (Surih of the Pen) - Hutchison,Sandra Lynn (elixir-journal.org, 2017)
On the background and themes of Bahá'u'lláh's tablet about the inception of his revelation and the assumption of his prophetic mission. Essay published in online art magazine e*lix*ir.
Mirrored with permission from www.elixir-journal.org. The authorized translation of the Súriy-i-Qalam (also below) has been published in Days of Remembrance.
Keywords: Maid of Heaven; Pen; Pilgrimage; Ridván; Suriy-i-Qalam (Surih of the Pen); Voices of revelation

Obedience: Liberation through Love of God in Practice - Lalonde,Roxanne (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
The virtue of obedience in light of the Covenant, contemporary secular notions of obedience, attitudes and behavior of Bahá'ís in the West, and some incidents of expulsion or resignation from the Faith.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/109.
Keywords: Covenant; Freedom and liberty; Membership; Obedience

On Existence and Qualities of the Human Soul - Majd,Farjam (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
On the existence, nature, and necessity of a human soul vs. the souls of animals. Is the concept of a soul needed to explain something, such as continuation of life after physical death?
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #123, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (2014). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/123/majd_soul.
Keywords: Animals; Philosophy; Some Answered Questions (book); Soul

On Human Origins: A Bahá'í Perspective - Loehle,Craig (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
The science of evolution is difficult for those who demand a literal interpretation of scripture and believe in a special origin for humanity. The Bahá’í writings view evolution and individual spiritual growth as one fundamental developmental process.
See also commentaries by Arash Abizadeh (JBS 3:1, 1990), Iraj Ayman, Susan Brill, and M.K. Rohani (JBS 4:1-4:3, 1991), Iraj Ayman, John Hatcher, and Craig Loehle (JBS 5:2, 1992), and Keven Brown (JBS 5:4, 1994).
Keywords: Creation; Evolution; God; Science

On the Nature of Bahá'í Communities - Foo,Check Woo (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
Reflections on the development of Bahá'í communities in urban societies, especially the relationship between the individual believer, the local community, and the Institutions, in the context of achieving an advance in the process of entry by troops.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 1.
Keywords: Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Entry by troops; Four Year Plan (1996-2000); Growth

Origins of Creation - Majd,Farjam (Lights of Irfán, 2014)
Some classical proofs of the existence of God; the meaning of proof, types of proof, and conditions of the existence of a proof; and contemporary reasons why some people believe God is not needed to explain the universe.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #116, Bosch Bahá'í School (2013) under the title "A New Approach to Proof of God and Soul Based on Bahá'í Writings." Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/116/majd_soul.
Keywords: Creation; Evolution; God; Greatest Name; Philosophy; Proofs; Science; Soul

Origins of the Bahá'í Concept of Unity and Causality: A Brief Survey of Greek, Neoplatonic, and Islamic Underpinnings - Khadem,Babak Rod (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
The Bahá’í conception of unity has historical and intellectual precedents. On the history of this concept (and the concept of causality) as it developed in ancient Greek thought, Neoplatonism, and, subsequently, in Islamic philosophy and mysticism.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/khadem_causality.
Keywords: Causality; Gnosticism; God; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Manifestations of God; Neoplatonism; Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Philosophy, Islamic; Some Answered Questions (book); Unity; Unity of existence (vaḥdatu’l-vujúd)

Origins of the Bahá'í Faith in the Pacific Islands: The Case of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands - Hassall,Graham (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2006)
The introduction of the Bahá’í Teachings to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in the 1950s and the consequent disturbance of the delicate church-state relationship operating at that time. Similar interactions may have occurred in other colonial environments.
First presented at the 1st International Conference of the Chair for Bahá'í Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, December 2000 under the title "Bahá'í Faith, Christianity and local religions in the Pacific Islands: the case of Gilbert and Ellis Islands." Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/131. See also Hassall's Bahá'í Communities by Country: Research Notes.
Keywords: Asia-Pacific; Bahá'í history by country; Gilbert and Ellice Islands; Islands

Ottoman Reform Movements and the Bahá'í Faith, 1860s-1920s - Alkan,Necati (Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements, and the Babi-Bahá'í Faiths, 2004)
The relationship between the Young Ottoman and Young Turk reform movements and the Bahá'ís from the 1860s onwards; the nature of these contacts and the impressions of the Young Ottomans and Young Turks of the Babis and Bahá'ís; the convergence of ideas.
See also a version of this paper delivered as a lecture, alkan_ottoman_reform_talk. Mirrored from the author's site at academia.edu.
Keywords: Reform; Turkey; Young Turks; `Abdu'lláh Cevdet

Out of Jewish Roots: Studies of Prayer Patterns in Jewish, Christian, Muslim and Bahá'í Worship - Brownstein,Ted (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
An exploration of the development of liturgy and personal prayer patterns from its roots in Judaism and subsequent development in Christianity, Islam and the Bahá'í Faith.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/65/brownstein_jewish.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Judaism; Obligatory prayer; Prayer; Worship

Outpost of a World Religion: The Bahá'í Faith in Australia 1920-1947 - Hassall,Graham (Journal of Religious History, 1991)
An updated version of a paper published in two places.
Also published in Bahá'ís in the West, ed. Peter Smith (2004). See also Hassall's Bahá'í Communities by Country: Research Notes.
Keywords: Australia; Bahá'í history by country; Indigenous people; Race

Overview of Bahá'í Social and Economic Development - Hanson,Holly (Bahá'í World, 1993)
Evolution of Bahá'í involvement in social and economic development, and some current projects.
Keywords: Social and economic development

Pacific Bahá'í Communities 1950-1964 - Hassall,Graham (Pacific History: Papers from the 8th Pacific History Association Conference, 1992)
Detailed overview of the history of Bahá'ís in Pacific island states.
See also Hassall's Bahá'í Faith in the Asia Pacific: Issues and Prospects and Bahá'í Communities by Country: Research Notes.
Keywords: Asia-Pacific; Bahá'í history by country; Islands

Parallels in the Ministries of Táhirih and Paul - Borovicka,JoAnn M. (Lights of Irfán, 2016)
Stories of early believers of the Bahá’í Faith as presented in "Memorials of the Faithful" compared with the lives of early believers in Christianity as recorded in the New Testament; Táhirih and Paul represent a similar type of early convert.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #135 (Louhelen, 2015). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/135/borovicka_tahirih.
Keywords: Biography; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Paul (Apostle); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj)

Pathways to Equity in Addressing Climate Change: A Bahá'í Perspective - Dixon,Margery; Sarracino,Robert Sinclair (Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 2024)
The urgency of climate change, advocating for a new relationship between science and religion, justice, equity, and inclusive consultation.
Article is online at zygonjournal.org/article/id/10959, where it is also available in HTML and XML formats.
Keywords: Climate change; Community (general); Community building; Consultation; Environment; Individualism; Interfaith dialogue; Isolation and loneliness; Justice; Materialism; Protagonists (individuals, communities and institutions); Public discourse (discourses of society); Science; Social action; Unity of humanity

Paying Special Regard to Agriculture: Collective Action-Research in Africa - Kavrul,Sanem (Bahá'í World, 2021)
On Bahá’í-inspired agricultural social action initiatives in Africa. Includes photo gallery of development and agricultural projects.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where this article is available in higher-resolution and HTML format.
Keywords: Africa; Agriculture; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo, Democratic Republic of; FUNDAEC; Malawi; Preparation for Social Action (PSA); Social action; Uganda; Zambia

Peace and Prosperity - Damore,Louis (European Bahá'í Business Forum, 2001)
The major threats facing the world (social inequity; environmental decline; unchecked arms proliferation) and the potential contribution of the world tourist indstry in resolving them.
Unedited transcript of a conference lecture. Originally online as a free download from ebbf.org, preserved at archive.org.
Keywords: Peace; Prosperity

Peace in Perspective: The Historical Development of Peace Studies and the Bahá'í Concept - Ferreira,Marcos Alan (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
How the peace concept evolved through history, and how it dialogues with perspectives of Bahá’í writings and thinkers vs. the conceptual frameworks of Peace Studies, in light of an understanding of violence, human nature, and unity.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/6276. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Human nature; Peace; Unity; Unity of humanity; Violence

Perceiving Differences: A Look at Gender and Equality - Brush,Mark (dialogue magazine, 1988)
Observations on what Richard DeNovellis' "Personality Type Preference Indicator" tests show about ages and genders; laws of nature vs. laws of God.
See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Children; Equality; Gender; Laws; Psychology; Women

Perception Into Faith: A Radical Discontinuity Within Unity - Barnes,William (Lights of Irfán, 2001)
Entering into eternal life is both a change of being and of perception; the two natures of man; faith versus good deeds as means for attaining eternal life; the Bahá’í 'spirit of faith'.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #32, Bosch Bahá'í School (November 23-6, 2000). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/32/barnes_faith.
Keywords: Deeds; Ethics; Faith and works; Human nature; Irfan Colloquia; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ, Crucifixion of; Salvation; Self; Soul

Perfection and Refinement: Towards an Aesthetics of the Bab - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2011)
The writings of the Bab have implications for the "plastic" arts; significance for native traditions; relevance to the performing arts; and the concept of refinement which comes across in both the person and the writings of the Báb.
Paper slightly updated in July 2014. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/97/momen_refinement.
Keywords: Aboriginal people; Aesthetics; Africa; Aqa Bala-Big Naqqash-bashi; Architecture; Arts and crafts; Australia; Bahá'í World Centre; Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); Beauty; Business; Báb, Portrait of; Báb, Teachings of; Báb, The; Báb, Writings of; Calligraphy; China; Culture, Persian; Dance; Gardens; Haykal and daira; Indigenous people; Iran (documents); Japan; Kitáb-i-Asma (Book of Names); Literature; Manufacturing; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Music; Native Americans; New Zealand; Painting; Paradise; Perfection; Poetry; Portraits; Prayer; Prayer texts; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Refinement; Style (Writings); Talismans; Teaching; Theatre; Transformation; United States (documents); Work; Writing

Persecution of the Bahá'í Community of Iran Under the Islamic Republic: Twenty Years of Intolerance - Tahririha-Danesh,Tahirih (Converging Realities, 2000)
Description of some of the persecutions of the Bahá'í community in Iran over the past twenty years.
Originally published at converge.landegg.edu, archived at archive.org. Article re-posted here with permission of publisher (notwithstanding the publisher's copyright restrictions).
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Persecution of the Bahá'í Community of Iran: 1983-1986 - Universal House of Justice, compiler (Bahá'í World, 1994)
Lengthy survey of events, and life stories of participants.
Keywords: Biography; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran 1844-1984 - Martin,Douglas (Bahá'í Studies, 1984)
Treatment of the Bahá'ís in Iran by the state and by the Shi'ism under the Qájárs (1844-1925), Pahlavis (1925-1979), and under the Islamic Republic (1979-); responses by the Bahá'í Community.
Mirrored with permission from bahaistudies.ca/bahai-studies-monographs.
Keywords: Douglas Martin; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Persecutions of Babis in 1888-1891 at Isfahan and Yazd - Various (Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion, 1918)
Eyewitness or historical accounts of specific events, uprisings, and attacks, as collected by E.G. Browne.
From Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion. Online version is exact replica of original, except underscore used to indicate under-dot.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Isfahan, Iran; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Yazd, Iran

Persia and the Regeneration of Islam - Temple,Bernard (Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 1910)
An argument to a British business audience that Persia is becoming more civilized and is experiencing its own version of the Reformation, as shown by the example of the Bahá'ís.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam

Persian Bahá'ís in Australia - Hassall,Graham (Religion and Ethnic Identity, An Australian Study, 1989)
Overview of the history and modern activities (ca. 1989) of the Persian Bahá'í community in Australia.
Keywords: Australia; Bahá'í history by country; Diaspora, Persian; Migration

Persian Language in the Literature of Baha'i Worship - Rassekh,Shapour (Religious Texts in Iranian Languages, 2007)
Brief article on the literary sources of Bahá'í prayer, their diversity and varied style, and Persian as a language of prayer.
From the proceedings of a symposium held at Copenhagen University, May 2002. Posted by publisher; full book is online at royalacademy.dk/Publications/Low/2085_.pdf.
Keywords: Language; Persian language; Prayer

Personal Reminiscences of the Bábí Insurrection at Zanjan in 1850 - Browne,E. G. (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1897)
The testimony of Áqá 'Abdu'l-Ahad Zanjani.
See also Persian text, online at the H-Bahá'í site. See also Browne's Translation of the Chronicle of `Abdu'l-Ahad Zanjani. Online version is exact replica of original, save underdots represented as underline; Persian text transcribed (by Juan Cole) and bracketed; footnotes included in the body of the text.
Keywords: Cyprus; Iran (documents); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Upheavals; Zanjan upheaval; Zanjan, Iran

Perspectives on the Global Economy at the Dawn of the 21st Century: An Irish Bahá'í View - Moane,Eamonn (Solas, 2001)
The state and issues of the global economy, including Ireland, at the start of the 21st century. Though not intended to be a general Bahá’í critique of the world economy, the paper concludes with a Bahá’í contribution to the issues raised.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 1. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Economics; Globalization; Wealth and poverty

Perspectives on the Inseparable Twin Duties Prescribed in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas - Moane,Eamonn (Solas, 2003)
Religions differ in the balance of faith versus good works, the grace of God versus human strivings, and the scheme of salvation. To Bahá'ís, recognizing the Prophet and obedience to his laws are equal duties. For salvation, faith surpasses deeds.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 3. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Deeds; Ethics; Faith and works; Free will; Freedom and liberty; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws; Manifestations of God, Recognition of; Philosophy; Religion (general); Salvation; Search; Soul; Steadfastness; Transformation; Twin duties

Pilgrimage and Religious Identity in the Bahá'í Faith - Akerdahl,Per-Olof (Lights of Irfán, 2000)
Pilgrimage has been an important part in the creation of a religious identity. The meaning of pilgrimage in the Bahá’í Faith, and in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #18, London (August 21-24, 1998).Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/18/akerdahl_pilgrimage.
Keywords: Axis Mundi; Bahji, Israel; Bahá'í World Centre; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Judaism; Mount Carmel; Pilgrimage

Poetry and Self-Transformation - White,Roger (The Creative Circle, 1989)
Poetry is no longer very accessible to the average reader or widely read; serious poets are often in conflict with their times; the Bahá'í Writings provide a foundation for poetic expression and a renewed spiritual aesthetics.
From books.google.com.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Poetry; Robert Hayden; Roger White; Transformation

Poetry and the Arts in Rebuilding Society - Herrmann,Duane L. (The Creative Circle, 1989)
The status of poetry is exalted in the Bahá’í Revelation, starting from the writings of the Bab to the hymns of the contemporary community; even God is described as a poet. The arts allow us to arise to our divine nature.
See a portion of this book online at books.google.com.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Poetry

Poetry and Transformation - Murphy,Peter E. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2014)
A personal story of how the evolving attraction to and love of poetry transformed the author's life. Poetry, faith, and the revealed Word can have a dramatic effect on one's struggle for personal transformation in the midst of crisis and turmoil.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/168.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Poetry; Transformation

Poetry as Revelation: Introduction to Bahá'u'lláh's 'Mathnavíy-i Mubárak' - Lewis,Frank (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1999)
On Bahá'u'lláh and the poetic tradition, Sufism, Sufi poetry, and Rumi; rhetorical orientation; date of the poem and history of the text; and interpretation and the translation process. Includes a provisional translation.
See also a translation of this tablet.
Keywords: Baghdad, Iraq; Bahá'u'lláh, Poetry of; Dating of Writings; Interfaith dialogue; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Kurdistan; Mathnavi; Mathnaviyi-i Mubarak; Mysticism; Poetry; Rumi (Mevlana); Sufism; Sulaymaniyyih, Iraq; Translation; Turkey

Poetry in 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Writings and Utterances - Savi,Julio; Mardani,Faezeh (Lights of Irfán, 2017)
'Abdu'l-Bahá mentions at least seven aspects of poetry: inspiration, beauty, eloquence, versified language, novelty, expressivity, depth, and loftiness. He also sets forth clear concepts on the purposes of poetry, which benefit any aspiring poet.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #138 (Acuto, 2016). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/138/savi_poetry.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Beauty; Inspiration; Metaphors and allegories; Persian language; Poetry; Words and phrases; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Poetry of; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of

Poetry of Loving: Family Therapy and the Bahá'í Faith - Bruwer,Michael J. (Bahá'í Studies Notebook, 1983)
Psychotherapy and the family; the Bahá'í concept of the family; the role of models of the world.
See Bahá'í Studies Notebook 3.1 table of contents.
Keywords: Consultation; Family; Family consultation; Psychology

"Point" and "Letter" in the Writings of the Báb - Afnan,Muhammad (Lights of Irfán, 2001)
In the Báb’s writings, the Point of Truth is the source of all existence in both the spiritual and the material world, and letters and words are given spiritual meaning. His system is distinctively different from that of the Hurúfís and Nuqtavís, however.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/afnan_point.
Keywords: Báb, Writings of; Huruf (letters); Hurufism; Iran (documents); Irfan Colloquia; Nuqta (Point); Nuqtavi

Politics, Text, and Context: In Search of the Bahá'í Revolution - Armstrong-Ingram,R. Jackson (dialogue magazine, 1986)
The rationale for Shoghi Effendi requiring Bahá'ís to disassociate themselves from other churches and political movements; the role of political science in Bahá'í theology; how best to work with non-Bahá'í groups to better society.
See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Politics

Posledneye Slovo Bekha-Ully [Baha'u'llah's Last Word] - Tumanski,Aleksandr Grigor'evich (Zapiski Vostochnago Otdeleniya Imperatorskago Russkago Arkheologicheskago Obshestva [Memoirs of the Oriental Branch of the Russian Archaeological Society], 1892)
Russian translation of, and commentary on, Bahá'u'lláh's "Kitab-i 'Ahdi" ("Book of My Covenant").
See also The Russian Publication of Bahá'u'lláh's Last Will and Testament. This PDF scanned by Google; also online at bahaiarc.org/collections/research, including a reprint (or standalone printing?) with different pagination, bahaiarc.org/images/Research/last-word.pdf. [-S.C., 2021]
Keywords: Alexander Tumansky; Kitáb-i-Ahd (Book of the Covenant); Will and Testament of Bahá'u'lláh

Postmodernism and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2008)
Whilst the Bahá'í Writings and postmodernism share a variety of ideas at a superficial level, on fundamental issues of ontology, epistemology, philosophical anthropology (theory of man), ethics and cultural theory, they are incompatible.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #79, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 11-14, 2007). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/79/kluge_postmodernism.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Philosophy; Postmodernism

Power and the Bahá'í community - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2018)
While Bahá'í social teachings may have sounded new and exciting a century ago, that is no longer the case today. The problem the world faces is not in the principles that would lead to a better society, but in their application.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/54/momen_power.
Keywords: Administration; Alienation; Authority; Business; Centralization and decentralization; Charity and relief work; Competition; Consultation; Corruption; Covenant; Covenant-breaking; Crime; Education; Elections; Empowerment; Environment; Equality; Ethics; European Union (EU); Freedom and liberty; Fundamentalism; Gender; Individualism; Institute process; Institutions; Interpretation; Justice; Laws; Materialism; Maturity of humanity; Media (communication); Minorities; New Age; Obedience; Participation; Peace; Philosophy; Plans; Politics; Power; Promise of World Peace (statement); Punishment; Reflection; Reform; Revolution; Service; Social action; Spiritual Assemblies; Theology; Unity; Unity in diversity; Violence; War; Wealth and poverty; Women

Prayers and rituals in the Bahá'í Faith: Introduction to A Tablet to Jináb-i-Mullá 'Alí-Akbar fí Ardi'l-Álif - Savi,Julio; Mardani,Faezeh (Lights of Irfán, 2008)
A tablet of Bahá'u'lláh to one of the Bábís to renew his faith before He had revealed his mission; its recipient and circumstances of composition; a prayer of 'reunion' and its attendant rituals.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #76, Centre for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 6-10, 2007). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/76/savi_prayers. See also proofread Microsoft Word version, prepared by Mike Thomas (2023).
Keywords: Ablutions; Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Clothing; Detachment; Fragrance; Genuflections; Hadith; Irfan Colloquia; Meditation; Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Ardistání; Mysticism; Obligatory prayer; Perfume; Prayer; Prayer texts; Qiblih; Rituals; Salat-i-Hajat or Salat-i-Liqá (Prayer of the Needs or Reunion prayer); Search; Tests and difficulties

Precedentes de elementos de gobernanza en religiones: Aportaciones de la Fe bahá'í para la gobernanza futura - Perdu Honeyman,Nobel Augusto (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Agunos apuntes sobre el papel desempeñado por algunas religiones del pasado en el desarrollo y consolidación de lo que ahora se conoce como obernanza; los conceptos de las enseñanzas de la Fe bahá’í que pudieran relacionarse con la gobernanza global.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/5476. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Governance; Interfaith dialogue; Religion (general)

Preliminary Bibliography of works in French making mention of the Babí or Bahá'í religions (1945–2000) - Linard,Thomas (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
See also Bibliographie des ouvrages de langue française mentionnant les religions babie ou baha’ie (1844-1944). Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Bibliography; Bábísm; France; French language

Preliminary History of the Bahá'í Community of Samarkand, Uzbekistan - Herrmann,Duane L.; Shodiev,Hasan T. (Bahá'í Vizier, 2004)
Since repression of religion ended in the USSR, Bahá'ís in former Soviet territories resumed practice of their faith and become curious about their history, most of which had been destroyed. This article is an early step at rediscovering this history.
This article written in English in 1997 and published in Dutch in 2004. Also at academia.edu, see this Word version.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Uzbekistan

Preparing Bahá'í Communities in the East and West to Embrace Gender Equality - Ma'ani,Baharieh Rouhani (Lights of Irfán, 2011)
The way Abdu'l-Bahá dealt with the matter of gender equality, some of his writings revealed in honor of the Bahá’í women in Iran and North America, and the practical ways he educated Bahá'í men to accept women as their equals.
Mirrored with permission from http://irfancolloquia.org/100/ma'ani_equality.
Keywords: Administration; Canada; Equality; Gender; Iran (documents); Social change; United States (documents); Wisdom; Women

Preuves bahá'íes basées sur le Coran - Spierckel,Pierre (2015)
Expose la compréhension bahá'íe des versets du Coran qui traitent de Sceau des prophètes, de Jour du Jugement et du Jour de Dieu.
Keywords: E-books (articles); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Proofs; Quran

Primum Non Nocere: Reflections of a Bahá'í Oncologist about Treating the Dying Patient - Alizadeh,Aaron (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
Doctors must learn how to bring the topic of death into the physician-patient conversation. The Bahá’í Faith can help to address how death is perceived and discussed in the medical community.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/175.
Keywords: Cancer; Death; Health and healing; Soul

Principles of Consultation Applied to the Process of Innovation in a Corporate Environment - Rosenfeld,Robert B.; Winger-Bearskin,Michael H. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
Innovation is essential for industrial growth, but is obstructed when creative employees are unable to communicate ideas and the organization is unresponsive. The Bahá’í process of consultation can enhance communication to promote innovation.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Business; Consultation; Innovation

Problems of Chronology in Baha'u'llah's Tablet of Wisdom - Cole,Juan (World Order, 1979)
On the biographical section of the Lawh-i-Hikmat and its background in Islamic models.
Also available as a Microsoft Word document. Mirrored with permission from www.h-net.org.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Philosophers; Philosophy

Problems of Scholarship in a Bahá'í Context - MacEoin,Denis (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1982)
Thoughts on "anti-intellectualism" and faith-based interpretations of history, by a self-described outsider scholar.
See follow-up discussions in Debates between MacEoin et al.ER -

Process Philosophy and the Bahá'í Writings: An Initial Exploration - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2004)
An examination of the Bahá'í Writings in relationship to modern process philosophy (e.g. Whitehead, Hartshorne, Cobb, and de Chardin), and some of the issues related to the formulation a unique Bahá'í version of process thought; some relevant topics.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #46, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 1-4, 2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/46/kluge_philosophy.
Keywords: Alfred North Whitehead; Irfan Colloquia; Philosophy; Process philosophy

Procrustes' Bed: The Insufficiency of Secular Humanism - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
Secular humanism’s inability to accommodate the universal presence of religion in human nature undermines its claim to be a viable world-view for mankind and diminishes its internal coherence.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session [# ?]. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/kluge_humanism.
Keywords: Humanism; Philosophy; Secularism

Profezie con Valore Scientifico - Avaregan,Hossein (Opinioni Bahá'í, 1981)
L’autore illustra le quattro condizioni necessarie affinché a una profezia si possa dare valore scientifico e ciò grazie alla soluzione scoperta dal teologo tedesco Johann Funk (1518-1566).
"Scientifically-Sound Prophecies": Discussion of the four conditions necessary for a prophecy to be given scientific value, and thanks to the solution found by the German theologian Johann Funk (1518-1566).
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Prophecies; Science

Prolegomena to a Bahá'í Theology - McLean,Jack (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Groundbreaking and thorough essay on the basic concerns of scholarly Bahá'í theology.
Also available in Microsoft Word format. Also available in French translation [PDF] by Pierre Spierckel.
Keywords: Apophatic theology; Buddhism; Christianity; Cosmology; God; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Philosophy; Relativism; Sufism; Theology

Promoting a Culture of Human Rights: The United Nations Commission on Human Rights and the Bahá'í community in the Islamic Republic of Iran - Rahmani,Ladan (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
Functions of the CHR and its role in addressing persecution; case study on Iran; while the CHR’s influence has been limited, it demonstrates the potential of international mechanisms to effect incremental change in human rights practices.
See also the rest of this issue.
Keywords: Persecution, Iran; United Nations Commission on Human Rights

Promoting a Discourse on Science, Religion, and Development - Arbab,Farzam (The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, 2000)
Personal experiences leading to work in the field of development; rural-urban balance; religion and spirituality; the state and the market; faith and reason; spiritual principles and epistemology; transfer of technology; universities and education.
Mirrored from idrc.ca, where it is also available in HTML format. The complete book is also available for free at Google books.ER -

Promoting the Equality of Women and Men: The Role of the Covenant - Khan,Janet A. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2000)
The implementation of the principle of gender equality; the application of relevant Bahá’í law, including progressive clarification and application, the principle of convergence, and the exercise of restraint, all so as to ensure enduring change.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/115.
Keywords: Covenant; Equality; Gender; Women

Prophecy in the Johannine Farewell Discourse: The Advents of the Paraclete, Ahmad and Comforter - Lambden,Stephen (Scripture and Revelation: Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium, 1997)
The exegetical history of sayings ascribed to Jesus which mention the Paraclete. Christian, Muslim, Bābī and Bahā'ī interpretations of these. These sayings are central to Bahā’u'llāh's claims and to Bahā'ī understanding of the New Testament.
This is an updated version of the paper that appeared in Scripture and Revelation. If any fonts or symbols do not display properly, see Lambden's original version. Mirrored with permission from hurqalya.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/03-Biblical-islam-BBst/Paraclete.htm, and with permission of publisher. See also irfancolloquia.org/1/lambden_prophecy.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Prophecies

Protecting the Human Family: Humanitarian Intervention, International Law, and Bahá'í Principles - Lepard,Brian D. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2003)
The moral and legal problems raised by the use of military force to aid human rights victims. Relevant Bahá’í ethical principles and how these might assist us to reform existing international law to better protect all members of the human family.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/102
Keywords: Century of Light (book); Charity and relief work; Collective security; Conflict; Conflict resolution; Consultation; History (general); Human rights; Law, International; Laws; Peace; Protection; United Nations; Unity of humanity; War

Psychological and Spiritual Dimensions of Persecution and Suffering - Ghadirian,Abdu'l-Missagh (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
Persecution of the Bahá’ís of Iran as an example of spiritual resilience: what are the spiritual meanings of suffering? When confronted with persecution or torture, why do some individuals show radiant acceptance; what role do faith and belief play?
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/94. See also the author's Human Responses to Life Stress and Suffering.
Keywords: Persecution; Psychology; Suffering

Psychology and Peace - Roesch,Ronald (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
The relevance of psychology to the establishment of peace in the context of the Bahá’í peace message.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Change; Community (general); Cultural differences; Empowerment; Peace; Promise of World Peace (statement); Psychology

Psychology of Mysticism and its Relationship to the Bahá'í Faith - Momen,Moojan (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1984)
Contrast of theories of mysticism and its physiological components from the perspective of 20th-century psychology.
Keywords: Dualism; Interfaith dialogue; Monism; Mysticism; Psychology; Sufism

Punti Razionali Comuni fra Corano e Vangelo - Avaregan,Hossein (Opinioni Bahá'í, 1990)
Ricerca personale della verità, origine divina di tutte le religioni, analogia delle profezie, uso delle allegorie, significato spirituale di molti termini, atteggiamento verso i miracoli fisici.
"Rational themes in common between the Quran and the Gospel:" personal search for truth, divine origin of all religions, analogy of prophecies, use of allegories, spiritual meaning of many terms, attitude toward physical miracles.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Quran

Purposeful Spiritual Endeavour: A fundamental Connection between Bahá'ís and Christians - Quin,Colin (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
There is a need for clearer, warmer, more purposeful connections between individuals of different Faiths; we each have similar concerns with our own human needs, aspirations, and religious devotion, and seek deeper understanding of the ideas we value.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 2.ER -

Qáʼim-Maqám Faráhání in the Baháʼí Writings - Rafati,Vahid (Lights of Irfán, 2019)
A comprehensive survey of references to the Qá’im-Maqám, prime minister of Iran under Muhammad Sháh, in the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, as well as some of his statements that are directly quoted in the Writings.
See also Masumian's translation of "The Man of Courage: A Brief Account of the Bahá'í Life of Mírzá Áqá Khán Qá'im-Maqámí." Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/rafati_farahani.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Mírzá Abu'l-Qasim Farahani (Qaim-Maqam); Mírzá Aqa Khan Qaim-Maqami

Quddus - Johnson,Lowell (National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of South and West Africa, 1982)
Overview of the life of Quddus, the most prominent disciple of the Báb and the eighteenth and final Letter of the Living.
Also available as a Microsoft Word document.
Keywords: Biography; Letters of the Living; Quddus

Queen Marie and the Baha'i Faith - Postlethwaite,Robert (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
On the first monarch to embrace the Bahá'í Faith; the stature and the character of Queen Marie and her unique position in the early 20th century; her identification as a Bahá'í and her plan to visit Haifa in 1929; her relationship with Martha Root.
See also Queen Marie of Romania: A Preliminary Bibliography from the same issue. See also original scan. Also online at journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/267.
Keywords: Biography; Martha Root; Queen Marie of Romania; Romania; Royalty

Quelques Rencontres Importantes entre les Communautés Protestante et Bahá'íe en France - Jasion,Jan T. (La communauté bahá’íe de Châtenay-Malabry, 2019)
History of the relationship between the Faith in France and the Protestant community, 1870-1913 (with photographs).
Also available in OpenOffice format.
Keywords: Christianity; France; Interfaith dialogue; Protestantism

Quiet Strangulation: Islamic Republic's Treatment of Baha'is since 1991 - Yazdani,Mina (Tiempo Devorado, 2018)
Summary of persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran especially since 1991, and on analyses by other historians on the roots of anti-Bahá'í discrimination. Includes introduction by Amin Egea.
Mirrored with permission from revistes.uab.cat.
Keywords: Iran (documents); Persecution, Iran

Qur'an Commentary as Sacred Performance: The Bab's tafsirs of Qur'an 103 and 108, the Declining Day and the Abundance - Lawson,Todd (Der Iran um 19 Jahrhundert und die Enstehung der Bahá'í Religion, 1998)
Quranic commentary played a major role in the formation of the Bábí movement. Early Babis were impressed by the Bab's innovative interpretation of scripture. As the Bab's claims became more widely known, his language became less esoteric.
Keywords: Báb, Writings of; Commentaries; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Quran

Qur'anic Kerygma: Epic, Apocalypse, and Typological Figuration - Lawson,Todd (Routledge Companion to the Qur'an, 2022)
Article contains no mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í Faiths, but includes themes of relevance to Bahá'í teachings on the typologies of proclamation and apocalypse.
Keywords: Alast (Primordial Covenant); Angels; Apocalypse; Bible; Certitude; Christianity; Civilization; Covenant; Creation; Cultural diversity; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Enlightenment; Epics; Eschatology; Ethics; Glory (general); God; God, Names of; Humility; Interfaith dialogue; Invocations; Islam; Jesus Christ; Jonah (Bible); Joseph (Prophet); Knowledge; Light; Light verse (Quran); Mary (Mother of Jesus Christ); Miriam (sister of Moses and Aaron); Northrop Frye; Nuqta (Point); Opposites; Peace; Persecution; Prophecies; Prophets; Quran; Recitation; Religion (general); Remembrance; Return; Revelation; Signs; Typology; Unity; Unity of humanity; Unity of religion; Voices of revelation; Words and phrases

Race and Racism: Perspectives from Bahá'í Theology and Critical Sociology - Hughey,Matthew (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2017)
Review of the concepts of race and racism based on social scientific understanding, in order to better understand their definition and to delineate their relation to one another, and correlate them with the Bahá'í Writings.
Article mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/220. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: History (general); Prejudice; Race; Race unity; Racism; Sociology

Race Unity: Implications for the Metropolis - Thomas,June Manning (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1995)
Universal principles of unity which apply to cities; how racial disunity has been imprinted upon the metropolitan landscape in the United States; spiritual principles necessary to improve the fragmented urban life around the world.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also original scan.
Keywords: Built environment and urban planning; Cities; Discrimination; Disunity; Education; Minorities; Race; Racism; Silos (segmentation); Social change; Spirituality; United States (documents); Unity; Virtues; Wealth and poverty

Race, Place, and Clusters: Current Vision and Possible Strategies - Thomas,June Manning (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2017)
Division by place affects the possibilities for racial unity, especially in fragmented U.S. metropolitan areas. The "institute process” as a strategy could overcome challenges that place-based action poses for racial unity.
Article mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Cities; Clusters; Detroit, MI; Institute process; Neighborhoods; Race; Race unity; Silos (segmentation); Social action; Social change; United States (documents); Vision

Racial Identity and the Patterns of Consolation in the Poetry of Robert Hayden - Hatcher,John S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
The dramatic tension in Robert Hayden’s poetry has often been mistaken for personal ambivalence and confusion with regard to both his ethnic identity and his beliefs as a Bahá’í — rather than the clear pattern of consolation that unites them.
This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. Permission to cross-post articles given by ABS editor in 1997 and 2000 when I was building the first bahai-studies.ca website.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; John Hatcher; Poetry; Race; Robert Hayden; Unity

Rank and Station: Reflections on the Life of Bahíyyh Khánum - Khan,Janet A. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
Distinctive characteristics of the designation of rank in the Bahá’í administration and the nature of "station," drawing upon the example of Bahíyyih Khánum, the highest-ranking woman in the Bahá’í dispensation.
24th Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lecture. Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/140.
Keywords: Administrative Order; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lectures; Ranks, stations and functions

Rashid Rida on the Bahá'í Faith: A Utilitarian Theory of the Spread of Religions - Cole,Juan (Arab Studies Quarterly, 1983)
Rida developed a theory of missionary work characterized by both modern pragmatic and traditionalist Islamic aspects: a sociology of the spread of religion in terms of organizational efficiency avoids talk of intrinsic "truth" or supernatural agency.
Also available as a scan of the original article. Mirrored with permission from www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bahai/2000/rida.htm.
Keywords: Egypt; Islam; Muhammad Rashid Rida; Syria

Rationality in Academic Disciplines - Mohanan,K. P. (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
For an academic community to construct knowledge through teamwork, its members must have a shared language with the same pairings of concepts and words, and they must have shared epistemic values by which to "dialogue" and base collective decisions.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 6.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Knowledge; Philosophy; Rationality; Reason; Scholarship; Science

Reading Reality in Times of Crisis: 'Abdu'l-Bahá and the Great War - Egea,Amin E. (Bahá'í World, 2021)
How ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s analysis of the crises of His time was profoundly distinct from contemporaneous “progressive” movements and thinkers.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org (includes the footnotes).
Keywords: Crisis; Equality; Ethics; History (general); International peace conferences; Law, International; Laws; Materialism; Peace; Prejudice; Public discourse (discourses of society); Race; Reality; Social action; Unity; War; `Abdu'l-Bahá; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of (documents)

Reality Magazine: Editorship and Ownership of an American Bahá'í Periodical - Smith,Peter (From Iran East and West: Studies in Babi and Bahá'í History, 1984)
Development and eventual demise of an independent publication from the early years of the Faith in America.
See also Reality magazine, Biography of H.G. Dyar, and this series of articles about Dyar (2012).
Keywords: Harrison G. Dyar; Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volume 1 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1919)
Five issues of Vol. 1, May 1919 - September 1919, of a short-lived journal designed to promote "liberal" approaches to the Bahá'í Faith.
The first issue is undated, but cites events at the end of April, and Issue #2 is dated June, so "May" is a likely guess.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volume 2 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1919)
Twelve issues of Vol. 2, December 1919 - December 1920.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volume 5 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1922)
Twelve issues of Vol. 5, January 1922 - December 1922.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality magazine: Volumes 3-4 - Various (Reality Magazine, 1921)
Twenty-four issues of Vols. 3-4, January 1921 - December 1921, of a short-lived journal designed to promote "liberal" approaches to the Bahá'í Faith.
Also online at Google books.
Keywords: Periodicals; Reality magazine

Reality Matters - Conow,Betty Hoff (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Bahá'í teachings discuss how reality affects matter and vice-versa. The "new physics" of relativity and high energy describe the reality of matter in similar terms. Our universe is both intelligible and is encoded with intelligence on the subatomic level.
Keywords: Physics; Reality; Science

Realms of Divine Existence as described in the Tablet of All Food - Ma'sumian,Bijan (Deepen, 1994)
Bahá'í theoretical theology in the Lawh-i-Qullu'Ta'am.
This document is also available as a scan of the original magazine pages [PDF, 2MB].
Keywords: Abhá Kingdom; Cosmology; God, Worlds of; Interfaith dialogue; Lawh-i-Kullu't-Ta'ám (Tablet of All Food); Philosophy; Sufism

Reason and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2013)
The Bahá'í Faith has much to say on the importance of reason, logic, and a "rational God," but the mind alone is not sufficient to attain transrational understanding. This paper examines the uses and limitations of reason in light of cultural differences.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #109, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 2012). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/109/kluge_reason. See also an earlier workshop presentation, kluge_reason_bahai_writings.
Keywords: Contradictions; Cultural differences; Cultural diversity; God; Heart; Human nature; Intuition; Knowledge; Logic; Manifestations of God; Philosophy; Proofs; Rationality; Reason; Science; Some Answered Questions (book); Soul; Unity of humanity

Recognition and Identity: The case of the Baha'i Faith - Onder,Cetin (Alternatives, 2002)
Bahá'í Faith seen in a Hegelian model.
Mirrored with permission from alternativesjournal.net/volume1/number1.htm. Also available as a formatted PDF.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Philosophy

Reconsidering the Civil Rights Era in the Footsteps of 'Abdu'l-Bahá - Thomas,June Manning (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2022)
On principles of racial prejudice and 1960s South Carolina, including the fallacy of racial prejudice, the need to judge people by their moral character rather than their race, and the responsibilities of different races toward each other.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue "Human utterance is an essence which aspireth to exert its influence" [PDF].
Keywords: Human rights; Race; Race unity; Racism; South Carolina, USA; United States (documents); `Abdu'l-Bahá

Recovering the Lives of Enslaved Africans in Nineteenth-Century Iran: A First Attempt - Lee,Anthony (Changing Horizons in African History, 2016)
Reconstructing the lives of four slaves in the Middle East, including Haji Mubarak and Fezzeh Khanum, servants of The Bab.
Posted by author at academia.edu in Microsoft Word format. Buy online at amazon.com.
Keywords: Biography; Báb, The; Diaspora, African; Fezzeh Khanum; Hájí Mubarak; Iran (documents); Servants; Slavery

Rediscovering the Resources of Religion - Baharuddin,Azizan (The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, 2000)
Islamic perspectives on science and development; peace; experiential processes in religion; the role of metaphysics; the definition of "development."
Mirrored from idrc.ca, where it is also available in HTML format. The complete book is also available for free at Google books.ER -

Reflections on Human Rights, Moral Development, and the Global Campaign to Eradicate Gender-Based Violence - Penn,Michael L. (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
A review some of the most significant developments in human rights law designed to contribute to the advancement of women and the eradication of gender-based violence; insufficient attention has been given to the psycho-spiritual dimensions.
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Abuse; Compassion; Domestic violence; Ethics; Gender; Human rights; Moral education; Sexual violence; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); United Nations; Women

Reflections on Infallibility - Hatcher,William S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
The progress seen in human history would have been impossible without periodic Revelations. Infallibility is the main source of rationality, preventing humanity from losing itself in superstition, but should not be confused with omniscience or fanaticism.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/133.
Keywords: Infallibility

Reflections on Some Messianic Prophecies in Shaykhi Works - Ioannesyan,Youli A. (Lights of Irfán, 2010)
A Bahá’í interpretation of passages of messianic prophecy in the writings of Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kázim.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/ioannesyan_messianic.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Prophecies; Shaykhism

Reflections on the Art of My Poetry: An Interview of Roger White (1929-1993) - Hatcher,John S., editor (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2016)
A glimpse into the mind of a gifted poet and the struggles that he, like many Bahá'í artists, encountered in responding to Bahá'u'lláh's exhortation that art best serves humanity when it elevates and edifies the soul and its spiritual receptivity.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/205.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Biography; Interviews; John Hatcher; Poetry; Roger White

Reflections on the Challenge of Our Age - Lample,Paul (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2022)
On how Bahá'ís expect to search for truth and build a just and peaceful world through the conscious transformation of the moral order — not by force or coercion but by example, persuasion, and cooperation.
Issue date 2021, published 2022 January. Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/398. See also the complete issue "Walking the Mystic Path with Practical Feet". [PDF]
Keywords: Morality; Paul Lample; Peace; Transformation

Reflections on the Epistemological Views of 'Abdu'l-Bahá - Sergeev,Mikhail (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2012)
Abdu’l-Bahá explored four sources of knowledge—sensory perception, reason, intuition, and tradition—to examine the importance of scripture, limitations of human knowledge, distinctions between objective and subjective knowledge, and between human/divine.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/154
Keywords: Knowledge; Philosophy; Some Answered Questions (book)

Reflections on The Four Valleys of Bahá'u'lláh - Hemmat,Amrollah (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2021)
Studies of this book often focus on its Sufi and mystical aspects. But when it is seen within the larger context of the totality of the Bahá’í Writings, its purpose appears as a guide for spiritual wayfarers to the recognition of the Manifestation of God.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/300. See also the complete issue "Studying the Revealed Word". [PDF]
Keywords: Chahar Vadi (Four Valleys); Fragrance; Joseph (Prophet); Knowledge; Manifestations of God; Metaphors and allegories; Self; Wine (metaphor); Words and phrases

Reflections on the Spiritual Dynamics of the Bahá'í Faith - Bausani,Alessandro (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1988)
The spiritual force released by Bahá’u’lláh has the power to change the entire world; he has given us the power both to understand human problems and to correct them; the gathering together of Bahá’ís in prayer will augment these spiritual forces.
This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. Permission to cross-post articles given by ABS editor in 1997 and 2000 when I was building the first bahai-studies.ca website.
Keywords: Alessandro Bausani; Ethics; Social action; Spirituality

Reflections on the Structure of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, Some - Danesh,Roshan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
While the Kitab-i-Aqdas might seem unstructured, lacking apparent logical or discernible order, there is meaning to be found in its organization — particularly the first 19 paragraphs: the pivotal constructs of Bahá’í spiritual and social teachings.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws

Reframing Public Discourse for Peace and Justice - Karlberg,Michael (Forming a Culture of Peace: Reframing Narratives of Intergroup Relations, Equity, and Justice, 2012)
At this critical juncture in human history, struggles for peace and justice should be understood, in part, as struggles to reframe public discourses according to the recognition of humanity’s increasing global interdependence.
While this article references Bahá'í concepts and cites many Bahá'í sources in the bibliography, it does not directly mention the Faith. Mirrored with permission from author's website, myweb.wwu.edu [archive.org]
Keywords: Justice; Peace; Public discourse (discourses of society)

Relativism and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2008)
A strident rejection of the philosophical concept of relativism as being incompatible with a Bahá’í perspective, and a critique of Momen's 'Relativism' article on that basis.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #79, Louhelen Bahá'í School, Michigan (October 11-14, 2007). Also presented at the 31st ABS conference, see abstract and program. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/79/kluge_relativism.
Keywords: Dualism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Monism; Philosophy; Relativism

Relativism: A Basis For Bahá'í Metaphysics - Momen,Moojan (Studies in Honor of the Late Husayn M. Balyuzi: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1988)
"Relativism" as a means of reconciling the often widely-divergent theologies of the world's religions.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Cosmology; Dualism; God, Worlds of; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Metaphysics; Monism; Philosophy; Philosophy, Buddhist; Philosophy, Hindu; Philosophy, Islamic; Relativism; Relativity of religious truth; Speculation; Sufism; Theology

Relativism: A Theological and Cognitive Basis for Bahá'í Ideas about God and the Spiritual World - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2011)
A response to Kluge's critiques of his earlier article on relativism.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/momen_relativism.
Keywords: Cosmology; Dualism; Interfaith dialogue; Metaphysics; Monism; Relativism; Theology

Releasing the Captive from His Chains - Scholl,Steven (dialogue magazine, 1986)
Bahá'í activism for human rights, and involvement with Amnesty International. Includes response by Drew Remignanti.
See also a letter from the UHJ clarifying that Bahá'ís may work with, but not hold membership in, Amnesty International, and see Human Rights and Religious Faith. See also list of dialogue articles or image scans.
Keywords: Amnesty International; Human rights; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Religion and Evolution Reconciled: 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Comments on Evolution - Mehanian,Courosh; Friberg,Stephen R. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2003)
A survey of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s teachings on evolution showing that He reconciles two viewpoints — evolution and divine creation — that other thinkers have deemed irremediably in conflict.
Also available in Microsoft Word format, reformatted and corrected with updated quotations, prepared by Mike Thomas (2023). Also available in Russian translation as by Dr Alex Kavetsky as Религия и эволюция примирились in Word and PDF.
Keywords: Evolution; Science; Some Answered Questions (book)

Religion and Exclusivism: A Bahá'í Perspective - Savi,Julio (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
Various factors have distracted the attention of religionists from the essential teachings of religion rather than its secondary aspects; this has led to dangerous claims to exclusivity or finality, which need to resolved to ensure peaceful coexistence.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #62, Centre for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 8-12, 2005). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/62/savi_exclusivism.
Keywords: Exclusivism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Progressive revelation; Relativism; Unity of religion

Religion and Psychological Well-Being: Is There an Association? - Payman,Vahid (The Family: Our Hopes and Challenges, 1995)
Research on possible linkages between religion and mental health amongst the elderly are inconclusive: more research is needed; health professionals need to be aware of the importance of religion as a coping strategy for some.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Mental health; Psychology; Religion (general)

Religion in the Modem World - Khursheed,Anjam (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
On aspects of the Western secular rebellion against theocracy and the rise of free enquiry and freedom of conscience through the lens of the European Reformation and Galileo’s conflict with the Papacy; religion's role in strengthening family unity.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 6.
Keywords: Christianity; Community (general); Ethics; Family; History (general); Interfaith dialogue; Luther; Philosophy; Reformation (Christianity); Science; Secularism; Unity

Religious Authority and Apocalypse: Tafsír as Experience in an Early Work by The Báb - Lawson,Todd (Unity in Diverity: Mysticism, Messianism and the Construction of Religious Authority in Islam, 2013)
Analysis of the Báb's commentary on the Qur'an's longest chapter, Surat al-baqara, regarded as his first significant work, which includes themes such as divine self-manifestation, the hierarchy of existence, eschatology, and religious authority.
Read more or order a copy online at brill.com/products/book/unity-diversity (or see the
Keywords: Apocalypse; Báb, Writings of; Covenant; Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Quran; Tafsir (exegesis); Tafsir surat al-baqara (Commentary on the Surah of the Cow); Walaya (Authority)

Religious Behavior and Neuroticism, Spontaneity, and Worldmindedness - Keene,James J. (Sociometry, 1967)
Bahá'ís were included in a broad survey of religious thoughts and actions, and their attitudes statistically compared with followers of other faiths.
For another study by the author, see Bahá'í World Faith: Redefinition of Religion.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Judaism; Psychology; Sociology; Statistics

Religious Dissidence and Urban Leadership: Bahá'ís in Qajar Shiraz and Tehran - Cole,Juan (Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, 1999)
On understanding the role of dissident faith groups in Qajar urban life by contrasting merchant and artisan Bahá'ís in a small provincial capital, vs. a larger city with more government officials and elite women among the believers.
Also available as PDF scan of original.ER -

Religious Extremism in a Multifaceted Context - Ayman,Alkhaldy; Rakan,Alhrahshehr (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Deconstruction of the word "extreme" in religious perspectives; proposal for a complete framework encompassing the many different components that make up religion: the intellectual, ceremonial, social, and political dimensions, beyond a focus on violence.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/6126. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Extremism; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Radicalism; Religion (general); Sociology

Religious Freedom in the Asia Pacific: The Experience of the Bahá'í Community - Hassall,Graham (Human Rights, Faith, and Culture, 1998)
Some aspects of the Bahá'í Community's approach to one human rights initiative, the "Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief."
Presented at "Human Rights, Faith and Culture: A Conference Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights," Canberra, 7-8 November 1998. See the Declaration, below.
Keywords: Asia-Pacific; Human rights; United Nations

Religious Freedom in the Jurisprudence of the Egyptian and European Court of Human Rights - Mahmood,Saba; Danchin,Peter G. (South Atlantic Quarterly, 2014)
Egyptian jurisprudence produced on the status of the Bahai minority in Egypt, and analysis of cases of the European Court in which the principle of religious liberty and public order is invoked. Link to article (offsite).
Linked from works.bepress.com/peter_danchin/32 to umaryland.edu.ER -

Religious Intolerance as a Source of Violence - Schaefer,Udo (World without Violence: World leaders share their commentaries on world harmony, peace and justice, 1994)
A Bahá'í-inspired examination of how religious fanaticism and prejudice promotes violence.
Mirrored with permission from udoschaefer.com.
Keywords: Mahatma Gandhi; Non-violence; Peace; Religious intolerance; Tolerance; Udo Schaefer; Violence

Religious Minorities in Iran: Bahá'ís, Jews, and the Islamic State - Oliai,Sarah (Critique: A Worldwide Student Journal of Politics, 2011)
Overview of Iran's transition after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, leaving connections to its ancient empires and monarchical past while moving toward a national community united under Shi'a Islamic principles.
This document is online at illinoisstate.edu.ER -

Religious Minority Rights - Buck,Christopher (Islamic World, 2008)
Discussion of three minority religions within Islamic states that have experienced persecution and hardships which attracted the attention of the international community: the Alevis, the Ahmadiyya, and Bahá'ís.
Mirrored with permission from christopherbuck.com.
Keywords: Ahmadiyya; Alawi; Human rights; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Pakistan; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Turkey

Religious Persecution and Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival - Morlock,Naghme Naseri (Journal of Hate Studies, 2021)
Research based on extensive interviews exploring three ways that members of the Bahá'í community responded to diaspora and persecution: passing as Muslim, religious constancy in the face of danger, and alternating "passing" with open displays.
This document is online under Creative Commons license at jhs.press.gonzaga.edu, where it is also available in HTML and XML formats. See also From Outsider to Outsider: A Study of Iranian Bahá'ís' Identity in Iran and the United States (Morlock, 2023).
Keywords: Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Children; Childrens classes; Conversion; Ethics; Faith (general); Human rights; Identity; Injustice; Iran (documents); Justice; Memorization; Non-violence; Persecution; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Human rights; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Recantation; Persecution, stigmatization; Psychology; Resilience; Silence; Steadfastness; Taqiyyah (dissimulation); Teaching; Trauma; United States (documents)