Fact and Fiction: Interrelationships between History and Imagination - Nakhjavani,Bahiyyih (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2000)
On the tension between "fact" and "fiction," between objective history and our relative and subjective stories, between art as the representation of reality and faith based on the Word of God. We inherited a responsibility to resolve this tension.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/449.
Keywords: Alast (Primordial Covenant); Architecture; Arts and crafts; Authenticity; Bahiyyih Nakhjavani; Bahá'í World Congress, First (1963); Bahá'í history; Calligraphy; Christianity; Cinema; Civilization; Colonialism and imperialism; Comte de Gobineau; Consultation; Covenant; Criticism and apologetics; Dawn-Breakers (book); Decline and renewal of religion; E. G. Browne; Economics; Ethics; Fiction; Forgiveness; Freedom and liberty; God Passes By (book); Hasan Balyuzi; Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lectures; History (general); Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Literature; London, England; Manifestations of God; Materialism; Media (communication); Metaphors and allegories; Mirrors; Moderation; Morality; Mysticism; Mythology; Opposition; Persecution; Politics; Power; Purity; Ralph Waldo Emerson; Reading; Relativism; Religion (general); Scholarship; Science; Silence; Slavery; Speculation; Stories; Superstition; Teaching; Transformation; Truth; United Kingdom; Unity; Unity of religion; Universal House of Justice, Election of; Veils; William Shakespeare (author); Wisdom; World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book); Writing

Faith in Action: Reflections on Constructive Resilience from Nicaragua - Wilson,Bradley (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2020)
Poverty and hunger among farmworkers; faith and social action; observations on the discourse of constructive resilience; social movements seeking to overcome oppression; the practice of "accompaniment" — long-term immersive participation and observation.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/321. See also complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Nicaragua; Oppression; Resilience

Faith, Protest, and Progress - Austin,H. Elsie (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1998)
Protest is occasionally necessary and justified; it does not have to mean violence, but rather the courage to reject the false and unjust. Protest based on faith can have a transforming effect on both the individual and society and racial unity.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/273.ER -

Female Representations of the Holy Spirit in Bahá'í and Christian writings and their implications for gender roles - Osborn,Lil (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1994)
A response to feminist theologian Mary Daly's argument that a male representation of God reinforces patriarchy with the suggestion that sexual equality is independent of, and unrelated to, gender images of the Divine.
Keywords: Christianity; Gender; God; God, Gender of; Holy Spirit; Interfaith dialogue; Maid of Heaven; Women

Feminine Forms of the Divine in Bahá'í Scriptures - Drewek,Paula A. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Examples of the interaction between male and female principles in the writings. Complementarity of masculine and feminine images of divinity enriches our understanding of the divine–human encounter, but does not supplant the unity or unknowability of God.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Gender; God; God, Gender of; Holy Spirit; Lawh-i-Karmil (Tablet of Carmel); Maid of Heaven; Mount Carmel; Women

Feminism, Men and the Bahá'í Faith - Wilson,Morgan (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
Separate reflections on feminism and on men and the Bahá'í Faith. The challenges faced by each are acknowledged and the need for a balance between the two asserted.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Equality; Feminism; Gender; Men; Women

Fifteen Years of Failed Prophecy: Coping with cognitive dissonance in a Bahá'í sect - Balch,Robert W.; Domitrovich,John; Mahnke,Barbara Lynn; Morrison,Vanessa (Millennium, Messiahs, and Mayhem: Contemporary Apocalyptic Movements, 1997)
An academic article about the prophetic expectations of a covenant-breaker group, Baha’is Under the Provisions of the Covenant. Followed by "The End is Nearish," Chase's predictions satirized by Harper's.
See also the author's earlier study, When the Bombs Drop: Reactions to Disconfirmed Prophecy in a Millennial Sect. The "Bahá'í sect" discussed in this article is not affiliated with the Bahá'í Faith, follows a different set of writings, and has been sued by the legal trademark holders for illegitimate use of Bahá'í terms; see WIPO Domain Name Dispute: Case D2005-0214, "uhj.net". On whether the real Bahá'í Faith has "sects," see The Covenant, Bahá'u'lláh's "Supreme Gift", Protects The Bahá'í Faith From Schism (offsite). This article was reprinted in a later collection, Expecting Armageddon: Essential Readings in Failed Prophecy, ed. Jon R. Stone (Routledge, 2000), pp. 269-282. Read both on Amazon: the 1997 publication and the 2000 publication. See below for "End is Nearish."
Keywords: Covenant-breaking; Prophecies

Fiftieth Anniversary of the Passing of Bahiyyih Khanum, The Greatest Holy Leaf - Various (Bahá'í World, 1986)
Includes compilations about Bahiyyih Khanum, a selection of her letters, the 50th anniversary commemoration (1982), a bibliography, and tributes by Ruhiyyih Khanum, Ali Nakhjavani, and Bahiyyih Nakhjavani.
See Bahá'í World volume 18 table of contents. See also A Tribute to Bahíyyih Khánum, from Bahá'í World vol. 5.
Keywords: Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Biography

Fifty Bahá'í Principles of Unity: A Paradigm of Social Salvation - Buck,Christopher (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2014)
World religions are systems of salvation, liberation, or harmony, in direct response to the perceived human predicament. To Baha’is, this predicament is profound estrangement and the solution is world unity, from family to international relations.
This document is available in three forms, below: the slideshow which accompanied the presentation, in PDF; the soon-to-be-published article form; and a video of the presentation. With permission of the publisher, this draft paper is released in advance of its forthcoming publication in Baha’i Studies Review; purchase a copy at ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/bsr.
Keywords: Administration; Century of Light (book); Equality; Family; Interfaith dialogue; Peace; Seven Candles of Unity; Unity; Unity of existence (vaḥdatu’l-vujúd); Unity of religion; Women

Fighting for the Nuṣayrī Soul: State, Protestant Missionaries and the ʿAlawīs in the Late Ottoman Empire - Alkan,Necati (Die Welt des Islams, 2012)
Overview of the Alawites/Nusayris (Syrian Shi'is) in the start of the 19th century, political attitudes in Syria and Istanbul, and the influence of Protestant missionaries.
Mirrored from academia.edu.
Keywords: Alawi; Christian missionaries; Christianity; History (general); Middle East; Nusayri, Iran; Syria; Turkey

Finding a Trace of the Traceless Friend: Reflection on Bahá'í Scholarship as a Journey in the Valley of Search - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2014)
Prerequisites of search; independent investigation and the role of the heart, culture and tradition; dealing with distractions; exclusivity of search and sacrificing; seeking truth in every soul; and the standard of Majnún — seek her everywhere.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #116, Bosch (2013). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/116/klebel_scholarship.
Keywords: Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Research; Scholarship; Search

Firmness in the Covenant and Protection of the Cause of God - Remey,Charles Mason (1914)
Two versions of an essay written in response to "certain conditions of violation" of the Covenant in London and other European assemblies: a 5-page essay from 1914, and a 28-page (unpublished?) article from 1918.
While these were typed from two separate manuscripts, they each open with a intro paragraph dated March 27, 1918, but these two intro paragraphs differ slightly. While Remey later broke the covenant (see uhj_mason_remey_followers), at the time he wrote these essays he was an influential figure in the Bahá'í community and was later appointed Hand of the Cause. This document is thus not "covenant-breaker" material.
Keywords: Covenant; Covenant-breaking

First and Finest: John Henry and Clara Hyde Dunn in Australia - Hassall,Graham (Herald of the South, 1985)
Introduction of the Bahá'í Faith to Australia and New Zealand.
Keywords: Australia; Biography; Clara Dunn; Hyde Dunn; New Zealand

"First we speak of logical proofs": Discourse of knowledge in the Bahá'í writings - Lewis,Frank (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2001)
Recovering the intellectual context of particular discourses in the Bahá'í writings can help to evaluate whether a given statement is meant to convey a propositional fact or a rhetorical truth.
Keywords: Authenticity; Discourse (general); Knowledge; Paris Talks (book); Philosophy; Promulgation of Universal Peace (book); Some Answered Questions (book)

Fixing the Gaze: Reflections on "The Order of Bahá'u'lláh" in the Báb's Persian Bayan - Velasco,Ismael (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2006)
On the word nazm, "order," and how Bahá'u'lláh and then Shoghi Effendi extended used this as a foundation to build the concept of a Bahá'í World Order, a sacred socio-political entity. Includes translation of Bayan 3:16.
Article written in 2006, published in 2012 BSR under the new title "Sacred Text, Social Hierarchy, World Polity: The Journey of a Single Sentence That Shaped a World Religion" (see ingentaconnect.com).
Keywords: Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh (letter); Four rivers (symbol); Interpretation; Modes of revelation; Quran; Words and phrases; World order

Flow of Divine Authority - Poirier,Brent (Deepen, 1996)
Scriptural authority for the Universal House of Justice to function infallibly without the presence of a living Guardian.
This essay was later republished in The American Bahá'í, August 1, 1996.
Keywords: Covenant; Guardianship; Infallibility; Universal House of Justice; Will and Testament of `Abdu'l-Bahá

For the Betterment of the World, to the Glory of God: The Emergence of Bahá'í Houses of Worship - Boyles,Ann (Bahá'í World, 2019)
Overiew of the concept and history of the Bahá'í House of Worship.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where this article is also available as HTML and includes illustrations.
Keywords: Ashgabat; Chicago, IL; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship)

Foreword: Time and the Badí` Calendar - Schaefer,Udo (Time and the Bahá'í Era: A Study of the Badí' Calendar, 2008)
An investigation of ‘time’ and the ‘Badí‘ calendar’ and its inherent symbolism.
Mirrored with permission from www.udoschaefer.com/articles/english.html.
Keywords: Badi calendar; Calendars (general); Time; Udo Schaefer

Forging More Perfect Unions - Barnes,William (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Social advances toward inclusive political structures must be accompanied by a moral advance toward universal values; three stages of global political unification as described in the Bahá’í writings are confederation, federation, and commonwealth.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/437. See also Commentary (J. Grayzel, 1994) and Response (Barnes, 1994).ER -

Formation de la Secte des Babi - Serena,Carla (Hommes et Choses en Perse, 1883)
Also sections "Les Exploits de la Secte de Babi," "Mort du Point," "Complot des Bábí contre Nasser-Eddin," and "Attentat." Historical overview from a traveller to Persia in 1877-1878, who says she met with a witness to events.
See also bahaipedia.org, which notes that Gobineau was a source. Pages 1-18 included for context. Downloaded the rest from books.google.com.
Keywords: Bábísm; Iran (documents)

Forum Concerning St. Paul - Buck,Christopher; Cole,Juan; Hatcher,William S. (World Order, 1979)
Responses to Hatcher's review (World Order, 1978) of Schaefer's Light Shineth in Darkness, by Buck, Hatcher, Gregory Shaw, Willibald Duerschmid, and Marzieh Gail (World Order, 13:4) and by Cole (World Order 13:2, Winter 1978).
Mirrored with permission from christopherbuck.com.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Paul (Apostle)

Foundations of Mathematics: An Overview at the Close of the Second Millennium - Hatcher,William S. (Converging Realities, 2000)
Article posits that the foundational study of mathematics has only emerged in this century, and discusses its evolutionary growth.
Originally published at converge.landegg.edu, archived at archive.org. Also available as formatted PDF from william.hatcher.org. Article re-posted here with permission of publisher (notwithstanding the publisher's copyright restrictions).
Keywords: Mathematics; Science

Four Talks Redefining Democracy, Education, and World Citizenship - Locke,Alain (World Order, 2008)
The Preservation of the Democratic Ideal; Stretching Our Social Mind; On Becoming World Citizens; Creative Democracy. Includes introduction by Buck and Fisher.
See other items about Locke linked from bahai-library.com/locke_index. Mirrored with permission from christopherbuck.com.
Keywords: Alain Locke

Freedom and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2018)
Bahá'í philosophy is based on principles of reason and non-contradiction. It is coherent because its teachings are interdependent and mutually supportive. The Writings cover a spectrum of issues about freedom and the metaphysical basis of free will.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/kluge_freedom.
Keywords: Brain; Ethics; Free will; Freedom and liberty; Mind; Philosophy

Freud's Transference and the Four States of Bahá'u'lláh - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2015)
On the tetrarchic structure of Bahá'u'lláh's "Firstness and lastness, outwardness and inwardness" and Freud's concept of transferences, which are impulses from the past that the patient experiences as present and mistakenly relates back to the therapist.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #123. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/123/klebel_freud.
Keywords: Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Psychology; Sigmund Freud

From Adam to Bahá'u'lláh: The Idea of a Chain of Prophecy - Lundberg,Zaid (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
Whilst the modern period has seen a series of scientific paradigm shifts which have radically altered the scientific understanding of man and nature, no theory of religion has had similar success; the potential of the Bahá’í perspective.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #18, London (August 21-24, 1998). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/18/lundberg_prophecy.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Confucianism; Hinduism; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Jainism; Judaism; Manichaeism; Progressive revelation; Prophecies; Unity of religion; Zoroastrianism

From Adrianople to 'Akká', The Austrian Lloyd - Beveridge,Kent (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1986)
Aiming to identify the Lloyd vessels transporting Bahá'u'lláh and His companions, investigating vessels from Gallipoli to 'Akká via Alexandria, using Lloyd Triestino archives for identification.
Link to document at hurqalya.ucmerced.edu/journals/bsb.
Keywords: Akka, Israel; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Bahá'u'lláh; Edirne, Turkey; Exile (banishment); Gallipoli, Turkey; Ships; Turkey

From Babism to Bahá'ísm: Problems of Militancy, Quietism, and Conflation in the Construction of a Religion - MacEoin,Denis (Religion, 1983)
One of the first critical examinations of Bábí history; a continuation of themes first examined in "The Bábí Concept of Holy War." Includes examination of the numbers of Bábí martyrs, the nature of Orientalism, and Western re-interpretations of the Babis.
Also available as a PDF scan of the original document. See follow-up discussions of this article listed at Debates between MacEoin et al. REMOVED BY REQUEST OF BIA, 2024-04
Keywords: Bábísm; Criticism and apologetics; Jihad (Holy war); Taqiyyah (dissimulation)

From Moorish Cordova to the Bahá'ís of Iran: Islamic Tolerance and Intolerance - Handal,Boris (IDEA: A Journal of Social Issues, 2007)
Though Bahá'ís are persecuted in Iran, Muhammad taught understanding and respect towards religious minorities. Cordova, Spain is an example of historical tolerance where Muslims, Christians and Jews co-existed harmoniously under Islamic rule.
Mirrored with permission from ideajournal.com. See also Spanish version, De la Córdoba Mora a los Bahá'ís de Irán.
Keywords: Andalusia, Spain; Christianity; Cordova, Spain; Cultural diversity; Iran (documents); Islam; Judaism; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Philosophy, Andalusi; Spain; Tolerance; Tolerance; Unity; Unity in diversity

From Oppression to Empowerment - Saiedi,Nader (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2016)
On four contemporary types of oppression: in the international political order, forms of the state, economic structures, and forms of cultural identity; Bahá’u’lláh’s personal response to oppression; and a Bahá’í approach to empowerment and liberation.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/204.
Keywords: Empowerment; Liberation; Oppression

From Oppression to Equality: The Emergence of the Feminist Perspective - Mahmoudi,Hoda (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
The Bahá’í principle of the equality between women and men; history of the obstructions and prejudices toward women as promoted by religious institutions; what it means to be a liberated woman in the eye of the Bahá'í writings.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.ER -

From Outsider to Outsider: A Study of Iranian Bahá'ís' Identity in Iran and the United States - Morlock,Naghme Naseri (Journal of Hate Studies, 2023)
The denial of a national identity of Bahá'ís in Iran; their experiences in the U.S.; cultural differences between immigrant and American Bahá'ís; the importance of religious identity; how religious, national, and cultural identities are negotiated.
This document is online under Creative Commons license at jhs.press.gonzaga.edu, where it is also available in HTML and XML formats. See also Religious Persecution & Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha'ís' Strategies of Survival (Morlock, 2021).
Keywords: Alienation; Belonging (community); Children; Community (general); Cultural differences; Cultural diversity; Culture, Persian; Culture, Western; Diaspora, Persian; Discrimination; Distraction; Expectations; Family; Freedom and liberty; Health and healing; Holy days; Human rights; Identity; Integration (migration); Iran (documents); Language; Materialism; Migration; Nineteen Day Feast; Participation; Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Psychology; Refugees; Research questions; Respect; Service; Silence; Social change; Sociology; Tablets of Visitation; Trauma; United States (documents); Unity

Frommer's Guide to Israel: The Golden Coast (includes Akka and Bahji) - Ullian,Robert (1998)
Travel guide; now out-of-date.
See also Frommer's Guide to Haifa and The Best of Israel, and see Acre (Akka) and Bahji, below. Mirrored from Electric Library.
Keywords: Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Haifa, Israel; Israel; Tourism

Fundamentalism and Liberalism: Towards an Understanding of the Dichotomy - Momen,Moojan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1992)
Explores extremes of religious belief in an attempt to understand their distinctions and commonalities.
Later reworked and re-published in Reason and Revelation (2002), online here.
Keywords: Fundamentalism; Liberalism

Fundamentalism and Liberalism: Towards an Understanding of the Dichotomy - Momen,Moojan (Reason and Revelation: Studies in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions, 2002)
Explores extremes of religious belief an attempt to understand their distinctions and commonalities. (Updated version.)
Originally published in Bahá'í Studies Review Volume 2:1 (1992), online here.
Keywords: Fundamentalism; Liberalism

Further Comments on a Passage of the Lawh-i-Hikmat - Egea,Amin E. (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
A study of Pre-Islamic sources on the relation of Greek Philosophers and Jewish sages.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #76, Centre for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 6-10, 2007). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/76/egea_wisdom.
Keywords: Buddhism; Criticism and apologetics; Egypt; Empedocles; Greece; Hinduism; India; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Israel; Judaism; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Mount Carmel; Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Philosophy, Islamic; Philosophy, Jewish; Philosophy, Zoroastrian; Pythagoras; Unresolved matters; Zoroastrianism

Genealogical Background of the Founders of the Bábí and the Bahá'í Faiths - Wood,Mark T. (Australian Bahá'í Studies, 2001)
Includes memorandum from the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice.
See also the rest of this issue.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Báb, Family of; Genealogy; Research Department, Questions and answers

Género y catolicismo: Concepciones y realidades de practicantes del catolicismo referente a la pluralidad del género - de Luna Garcia,Patricia; Canales,Rodrigo Vazquez (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Relaciónes entre el ser un practicante del catolicismo y la apertura a la pluralidad de género. La hipótesis que buscaba determinar si hay alguna relación entre el ser católico practicante y estar abierto a las diferentes manifestaciones de género.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/4799. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Catholic Church; Christianity; Gender; Interfaith dialogue; Sociology

Genesis in King Lear: Joseph's Many-Colored Coat Suits Shakespeare - Lysaght,Tom (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2019)
Creative comparison of the biblical figure of Joseph and the character of Edgar in Shakespeare's King Lear, in light of the Báb’s and Bahá'u'lláh's Writings.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/259. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Bible; Christianity; Genesis (Bible); Interfaith dialogue; Joseph (Prophet); Judaism; Literature; Literature, English; Qayyumul-Asma (book); William Shakespeare (author)

Geographies of Transimperial Religion: The Transformation of Religious Space in a World of Empires - Green,Nile (Religion, 2024)
Examining how religions changed as they moved across different empires; how new religious spaces, practices, and networks developed, shaping modern global faiths. (Link to article, offsite.)
Document online at academia.edu.
Keywords: Buddhism; Christianity; Globalization; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Printing; Publishing; Theosophy

Global Citizenship and Humanities Scholarship: Toward a Twenty-First Century Agenda - Karlberg,Michael; Farhoumand-Sims,Cheshmak (International Journal of the Humanities, 2006)
In this age of global interdependence, the critique of anachronistic social constructs is necessary but insufficient. Scholars must articulate new approaches to globalization. The international Bahá'í community illustrates a constructive, humane approach.
Paper presented at the Second International Conference on New Directions in the Humanities, Monash University Centre in Prato, Italy, 20-23 July 2004. See also a Persian translation. Mirrored with permission from author's website, myweb.wwu.edu [archive.org]
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Globalization; Interdependence (interconnectedness); World citizenship

Global Claims, Global Aims: An Analysis of Shoghi Effendi's The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh - Lundberg,Zaid (Bahá'í and Globalisation, 2005)
What is Shoghi Effendi’s discourse on 'globalization' and 'globality', and what are the global claims and aims in World Order?
Early draft of the article later expanded for publication.
Keywords: Globalization; World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book); World order

Global Scholars as Ambassadors of Knowledge - Handal,Boris (Academic Migration, Discipline Knowledge and Pedagogical Practice: Voices from the Asia Pacific, 2013)
Global scholars can face challenges interacting with peers and with the community of their destination cultures, but can become agents of social change due to their unique overseas positions, and teach global citizenship, moral leadership, and unity.
Keywords: Change; Scholarship; Social action; World citizenship

Globalization and Religion - Skinner,David (International Business & Economics Research Journal, 2003)
An empirical examination of globalization's religious dimension. Publicly available databases show that much of globalization, or lack of it, can be predicted from data on the religions practiced in a nation. Includes passing mentions of Bahá'ís.
Mirrored with CC permission from journals.cluteonline.com.
Keywords: Globalization

Globalization and the Hidden Words - Lawson,Todd (Bahá'í and Globalisation, 2005)
A philological analysis of Baha’u’llah’s Hidden Words, elucidating the development of the global orientation of the Babi-Baha’i religion in the cosmopolitan atmosphere of Baghdad.
Keywords: Baghdad, Iraq; Globalization; Iraq; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words)

Grand Narratives and the Bahá'í Writings - Kluge,Ian (Lights of Irfán, 2017)
Exploration of Bahá'í teachings, inspired by the Guardian's call to "analyse the principles of the Faith and to correlate them with the modern aspects of philosophy and science," and on the thought of Oswald Spengler, Arnold Toynbee and Pitirim Sorokin.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #137 (Bosch, 2016). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/137/kluge_metahistory. See also the author's original version, mirrored from bahaiphilosophy.com.
Keywords: Philosophy; Public discourse (discourses of society); Science

Greenacre on the Piscataqua - Ingersoll,Anna Josephine (Allegiance Publishing Company, 1900)
An early history of Greenacre and some of its notable visitors and presentations.
See also Introduction to Green Acre Bahá'í School (1990) and The Rise and Fall of the Parliament of Religions at Greenacre (1931). This document is online in a variety of formats at archive.org. Three versions are provided here: the original image scan, an OpenOffice version proofread and formatted by Ernie Jones (2017), and a PDF of the proofread version.
Keywords: Eliot, ME; Green Acre, Eliot, ME; Interfaith dialogue; Maine, USA; Parliament of the World's Religions; Sarah Farmer; United States (documents)

Guarantees of Religious Freedom in Australia - Nicholson,Graham (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
The development of religious freedom in Australia, and relevant constitutional and legal pronouncements.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.

Guess Who's Coming to Church: The Chicago Defender, the Federal Council of Churches, and Rethinking Shared Faith in Interracial Religious Practice - Stell,William (Church History, 2023)
Exploring "Go-to-a-White-Church Sunday" initiated by Robert S. Abbott (1922) and "Race Relations Sunday" (1923), calling for critical analysis of assumed shared faith in interracial practice.
Mirrored with CC permission from cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history, where it is also available in HTML and Kindle formats.
Keywords: African Americans; Chicago Defender (newspaper); Chicago, IL; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Race; Race amity; Robert S. Abbott; United States (documents)

Hacia un marco conceptual para la acción y el discurso: estudio de caso de la Oficina de Asuntos Públicos española ante la crisis de la Covid-19 - Garcia Magarino,Sergio (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Este artículo explora algunos de los aprendizajes que la Oficina de Asuntos Públicos (OAP) de la comunidad bahá'í de España obtuvo en sus esfuerzos por contribuir al discurso público en los espacios nacionales desde 2014.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/6124. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Covid-19 (Corona virus); Public discourse (discourses of society); Social action; Spain

Hagiography: The Art of Setting Inspirational Examples for a Religious Community - Tinto,Iscander Micael (Lights of Irfán, 2016)
The life of Jesus was the example against which saints were measured, and the lives of saints were the examples against which the general population measured itself. Comparison of Attar's "Muslim Saints and Mystics" with Abdu'l-Bahá's "Memorials."
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #132 (Italy, 2015). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/132/tinto_hagiography.
Keywords: Attar (poet); Bayazid Bastami; Biography; Hagiography; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Memorials of the Faithful (book); Mishkin-Qalam; Rabia Basri; Shams-i-Duha; Sufism

Half the Household Was African: Recovering the Histories of Two African Slaves in Iran - Lee,Anthony (UCLA Historical Journal, 2015)
Biographies of two enslaved Africans in Iran, Haji Mubarak and Fezzeh Khanum, the servants of The Bab. A history of slavery in Iran can be written, not only at the level of statistics, laws, and politics, but also at the level of individual lives.
Posted by author at academia.edu. Also available in a different draft, in Microsoft Word format.
Keywords: Biography; Báb, The; Bábí history; Diaspora, African; Fezzeh Khanum; Hájí Mubarak; Indian Ocean World; Iran (documents); Middle East; Servants; Slavery

Hands of the Cause of God - Universal House of Justice; Alá'í,Lilian; Hudson,Ray (Bahá'í World, 1986)
Six documents from Bahá'í World 18 part four section 2: The Hands of the Cause of God and their functions, their work and travels 1979-1983, Boards of Counsellors and the International Teaching Centre, and tributes by Lilian Ala'i and Ray Hudson.
See Bahá'í World volume 18 table of contents.
Keywords: Appointed arm; Counsellors; Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Hands of the Cause, Institution; International Teaching Centre

Harmony of Science and Religion: A Complementarity Perspective - Bartholomew,Gilbert (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
The principle of complementarity, which can account for certain phenomena in quantum mechanics, can also be an aid in understanding the nature of the harmony between science and religion, the unity of mankind, and the oneness of religion.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Science

Hearing "The Divinity in the Music": Dizzy Gillespie Remembered at 100 - Bahá'í World News Service (Bahá'í World, 2017)
Reflections on the life of Gillespie and how his Baha’i beliefs seemed to inspire and drive his work. Includes photographs.
Mirrored from bahaiworld.bahai.org, where this article presented with a nicer layout (part of the collection Arts, Culture & the Media).
Keywords: Biography; Dizzy Gillespie; Jazz music; Music; United States (documents)

Heaven in China without "Religion" and Manifestation - Cope,Theo A. (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 2000)
Some believe there never was a time when humanity was without a Prophet to guide it, but as none is known in Chinese history, a Bahá'í-Chinese dialogue needs a different starting point — one more inclusivist and with a different concept of "religion."
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 5.
Keywords: Chinese religion; God; Heaven and hell; Interfaith dialogue; Manifestations of God

Heaven, Hell and the Afterlife - Thomas,Lynette (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1998)
Judeo-Christian and Muslim views of life after death are often seen literally as bodily resurrection and a judgement day, vs. the Bahá'í perspective of the nature of the soul and its existence after the death of the body, heaven/hell, and the afterlife.
See the table of contents, editor's note, and biographical data in the complete issue, vol. 3.
Keywords: Christianity; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Heaven and hell; Islam; Judaism; Life after death (afterlife); Resurrection

Hermes Trismegistus and Apollonius of Tyana in the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh - Brown,Keven (Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1997)
History of alchemy, magic, and the hermetic arts, and their reflection in the later teachings of Bahá'u'lláh.
To make this electronic text readable to all web browsers the transliteration of Arabic letters requiring subscript dots has been removed.
Keywords: Alchemy; Balinus (Apollonius of Tyana); Christianity; Chrysolite; Hermes Trismegistus; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Magic; Philosophers; Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Revisioning the Sacred (book); Witchcraft

Hierarchy Authority and Eschatology in Early Babi Thought - MacEoin,Denis (In Iran: Studies in Babi and Bahá'í History vol. 3, 1986)
Evolution of the Bab's theology and prophetology.
Arabic and Persian terms are not fully proofread, and some diacritics are missing. See follow-up commentary on this in Crisis in Bábí and Bahá'í Studies.
Keywords: Azali Bábís; Bahá'í studies; Báb, Station of the; Bábísm; Eschatology; I am all the Prophets (phrase); Prophetology; Theology; Typology

Hilda Brooks and the Australian Bahá'í Community - Hassall,Graham (The Role of Women in an Advancing Civilization, 1989)
The role played by Hilda Margaret Brooks (1896-1969) in the development of the Australian Bahá'í Community.
See more at bahaipedia.org/Hilda_Brooks.
Keywords: Australia; Biography; Hilda Brooks

'His Eminence Mírzá `Abbás Effendi Has Reached the Shores of Alexandria: Abdu'l-Baha in Egypt - Omidvaran,Betsy (Solas, 2004)
Contacts ‘Abdu’l-Bahá had with influential people in Egypt, the impressions he made on them, and the description of his journey there as contained in Century of Light and many other Bahá'í texts and histories.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 4. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Egypt; `Abdu'l-Bahá; `Abdu'l-Bahá in Egypt; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of (documents)

Historical Background of the Panama Temple - Pringle,Ruth (Bahá'í News, 1972)
A history of the Bahá’í Faith in Panama during the first and second U.S. Seven Year Plans, from the arrival of the first pioneers in 1939 to the formation of the first Regional Assembly in 1951.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Panama; Panama

Historical methodology and the development of Bahá'í scholarship: toward dispelling a false dichotomy - Quinn,Sholeh A. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1999)
'Bahá'í Studies' is multi-faceted and can include various non-exclusive approaches, including academic history and historical research -- the nature of both of which is outlined here; scholastic methodology; "professional" history and Bahá'í scholarship.
This paper was originally a talk presented at Bosch Bahá'í school in 1997 to a non-academic audience. It was written specifically for a Bahá'í audience with no background at all in history or historical methodologies. In my view, it is important that academics continue to communicate something about their various methodologies to Bahá'ís without any university background. [-S.Q., 1999]

Homoculture: Principles of Baha'i Education - Cobb,Stanwood (World Order, 1935)
With its teachings of universal civilization the Bahá'í Faith contains a wealth of directions regarding pedagogy, and exerts a revolutionary effect upon cultural and spiritual education.
Also available as a scan of the published book [PDF, 4MB], and RTF. This article was also published as a stand-alone pamphlet, Bahá'í Publishing Committee, New York (see PDF linked above).
Keywords: Education

Hope and Resilience: The Application of Spiritual Principles to Community Life - Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (Bahá’í Chair for Studies in Development, 2021)
On how communities use concepts and principles such as the oneness of humankind and interconnectedness with nature in their eﬀorts to contribute towards the common good; on strong networks of social support and the management of water-related challenges.
Mirrored from globalprosperity.org. A Hindi version is available at bahaichairdavv.org/research.
Keywords: Chair in Bahá'í Studies; Conflict resolution; Environment; Hinduism; India; Indore, India; Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Nature; Religion (general); Social and economic development; Unity; Unity of humanity; Water (metaphor)

Houses as Perfect as Is Possible - Herrmann,Duane L. (World Order, 1994)
A survey of the evolution in design of the Bahá'í Houses of Worship around the world through the twentieth century.
PDF below generated from the Word document posted at academia.edu.
Keywords: Architects; Architecture; Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Cultural diversity; Funds; Growth; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Symbolism

How Bahá'ís Should Vote - Abizadeh,Arash (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2008)
When voting, Bahá'ís should consider the qualifications of individual Assembly members, the collective makeup of the Assembly as a whole, changes in the individual Assembly members over time, and changes in the collective makeup of the Assembly over time.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/141.
Keywords: Elections

How Baha'ism Travelled from the East to the West: Ideological Evolution of the Neo-universalist Religious Doctrine - Melikova,Leyla (The Caucasus & Globalization, 2013)
On the ideological evolution of the Bahá'í Faith in the context of social and cultural trends of Western neoliberal ideology and globalism, Bahá'í religious identity, and relations with the environment, society, and the state.
Mirrored from cyberleninka.ru, www.ca-c.org, and academia.edu.
Keywords: Azerbaijan

Human Knowledge and the Advancement of Society - Mahmoudi,Hoda (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2012)
Knowledge is the means toward realizing a global civilization. The current Five Year Plan focuses the Bahá'í community’s consultation, reflection, and global growth, and the individual’s applying spiritual and secular knowledge to help this process.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/156.
Keywords: Advancement of civilization; Civilization; Consultation; Five Year Plan (2011-2016); Growth; Institute process; Knowledge; Learning; Public discourse (discourses of society); Reflection; Social action

Human Nature and Human Society: A Bahá'í Viewpoint - Hatcher,William S. (The Bahá'í Faith and Marxism, 1987)
Introduction to the Bahá'í understanding of human beings and social structures.
Keywords: Human nature; Philosophy; Sociology

Human Nature and Mental Health: A Bahá'í-Inspired Perspective - Penn,Michael L. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
Overview of one research-practitioner’s understanding of the nature of mind from the perspective of the Bahá’í teachings, and implications of this view for understanding mental health and mental illness.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/170.
Keywords: Happiness; Health and healing; Human nature; Mental health; Mind; Ontology; Philosophy; Psychology; Soul; Spirit (general)

Human Nature and World Religion: Toward a Bahá'í-Inspired Philosophical Anthropology - Rosen,Harold (Studies in Bahá'í Philosophy, 2012)
On how the major religions depict human nature, philosophical anthropology, the shared metaphysical concept of four levels of reality, and the nature of divine reality across religions.
See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Human nature; Philosophy

Human Responses to Life Stress and Suffering - Ghadirian,Abdu'l-Missagh (Bahá'í Studies Notebook, 1983)
The human response to stressful events; coping mechanisms, including those of Bahá'í martyrs; responses to social stressors.
See also the author's Psychological and Spiritual Dimensions of Persecution and Suffering.
Keywords: Martyrdom; Persecution; Psychology; Stress

Human Rights and Multiculturalism - Barnes,Kiser (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
The concept of human rights must be enriched by spiritual principles. They rest on universal principles of morality and justice, and are a philosophical source for political and social reform.
This paper first presented at the “First International Conference On Human Rights,” September 14-17 1997, Brazilia, Brazil.This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Cultural diversity; Human rights; Kiser Barnes; Unity; Unity in diversity

Human Rights and the Bahá'í Faith: The Human Right to Education for Religious Understanding - Johnston,Stanley W. (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
Human rights should be viewed globally and should include freedom of choice in religion via liberal schooling; development goals; the 1981 UN Declaration to Eliminate Discrimination and Intolerance Based on Religion or Belief.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.

Human Rights and the Rights of the Child: Implications for Children's Participation in the Bahá'í Community - Duly,Greg (Bahá'í-Inspired Perspectives on Human Rights, 2001)
Are human rights universal? Do rights have spiritual or religious influences? What is the relevance of child rights and prospects of children’s participation in the Bahá’í community?
This book is also available for download as a single PDF [2MB]. Mirrored with permission from juxta.com. See publisher's Books for the World license.
Keywords: Children; Childrens classes; Elections; Family; Human rights; Participation; Social action; Youth

Human Rights: Reflections from a Bahá'í Viewpoint - Curtotti,Michael (Human Rights, Faith, and Culture, 2001)
Born in modern times, the Bahá’í Faith addresses human rights in the language of modernity but also in traditional religious terminology; journey of the soul; duties of rulers; the Kitáb-i-Aqdas.
First published in ABS Australia Volume 1, 1999 (see PDF).
Keywords: Human rights

"I am all the Prophets": The Poetics of Pluralism in Bahá'í Texts - Cole,Juan (Poetics Today, 1993)
Literary analysis of a passage from Tablet of Blood (Súriy-i-Damm) in which Bahá'u'lláh identifies Himself with all the past Prophets and their sufferings, depicting himself mortally wounded on the field of battle, like Imám Husayn.
Also available as a scan of the original article.
Keywords: Abraham; Archetypes; Bahá'u'lláh; Báb, The; Cosmology; I am all the Prophets (phrase); Imam Husayn; Imams; Interfaith dialogue; Jesus Christ; John the Baptist; Joseph (Prophet); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Manifestations of God; Martyrdom; Moses; Pluralism; Poetry; Return; Suriy-i-Damm (Tablet of Blood); Unity of religion

I know Not How to Sing Thy Praise: Reflections on a Prayer of Bahá'u'llah - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2012)
Theology and the language of revelation vs. atheism and scientific discourse, and apophatic "not-knowing" vs. the impossibility of knowing god.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #102, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 2011). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/102/klebel_praise.
Keywords: Apophatic theology; Atheism; Fate, destiny and predestination; Free will; God; Interfaith dialogue; Manifestations of God; Philosophy; Prayer; Prayer texts; Progressive revelation; Theology; Words and phrases

"I Never Understood Any of This from 'Abbás Effendi": Muhammad 'Abduh's Knowledge of the Bahá'í Teachings and His Friendship with 'Abdu'l-Bahá - McCants,William F. (Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements, and the Babi-Bahá'í Faiths, 2004)
Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) was a journalist, revolutionary, professor, and later Grand Mufti of Egypt, who befriended and corresponded with the Master; the role of Muhammad Rashíd Ridá; Abdu’l-Bahá's 1885 letter to Abduh.
Purchase online from the publisher at brill.com.
Keywords: Egypt; Lebanon; Leo Tolstoy (author); Muhammad Abduh; `Abdu'l-Bahá

"I woke up and knew, spiritually, I have just accepted the faith": Agency and Dream Ethnography in the Bahá'í Faith - Makhani-Belkin,Tova (Entangled Religions, 2024)
Analysis of first-generation Bahá'ís' dreams and visions as confirming their religious conversion, emphasizing dreams' role in integrating prior beliefs and aiding conversion.
Mirrored from er.ceres.rub.de, where it is available in both PDF and HTML.
Keywords: Conversion; Dreams and visions; Interfaith dialogue; Mountains; Progressive revelation; Rivers

Ibrahim George Kheiralla and the Bahá'í Faith in America - Hollinger,Richard (Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1984)
A study of the Lebanese Bahá'í who first spread the Faith to the United States but later renounced his allegiance to Abdu'l-Bahá, based on many primary source materials the author unearthed in public and private archives.
Also available in Microsoft Word format.
Keywords: Biography; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; United States (documents)

Identidad y Paz - Farrand,Quentin (Derecho y Cambio Social, 2009)
Estimular la apreciación de la diversidad de caracteres, talentos, y personalidades que encontramos en todos los grupos étnicos, de clase, nacionales, y de creencias, y desalentar el adoctrinamiento de aversión y contienda entre estos segmentos.
Mirrored with permission from derechoycambiosocial.com.
Keywords: Cultural diversity; Identity; Peace

Identity Politics and Public Disputation: A Baha'i Missionary as a Muslim Modernist in South Africa - Jeppie,Shamil (Journal for Islamic Studies, 2007)
On the "Arabic Study Circle" of South Africa (ca. 1950) and the role of its most influential member, Joseph Perdu; the question of public performances of identity and their relations to private pursuits of identity.
Mirrored from academia.edu. See also this mention of Perdu and the Faith, which refers to him as an "undercover Bahá'í missionary."ER -

Identity, Discourse, and Policy: Reconstructing the Public Sphere - Weinberg,Matthew (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2011)
Through interchange, individuals and their communities define their identities and goals. Life has a fundamentally dialogical character. Giving consideration to the multiple dimensions of human experience leads to new, greater social meanings.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/152.
Keywords: Identity; Philosophy; Public discourse (discourses of society)

Ideology, Ethics, and Philosophical Discourse in Eighteenth-Century Iran - Cole,Juan (Iranian Studies, 1989)
Intellectual biography as a discipline assumes that the life and thought of an individual can shed light on an epoch. This paper examines 1700s Iran via the Shi'i scholar Mohammad Mehdi Niraq (d. 1794). No mention of the Bábí or Bahá'í Faiths.
Purchase online at tandfonline.
Keywords: 18th century; Biography; Ethics; Iran (documents); Isfahan, Iran; Middle East; Philosophy; Shia Islam (Shiism)

Ihsan'u'llah Khan Dustdar, die Kaukasischen Revolutionare und die Grundung der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepublik Iran 1920-1921 - Ekbal,Kamran (Osmanismus, Nationalismus und der Kaukasus: Muslime und Christen, Turken und Armenier im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, 2005)
Dustdar was a Bahai commander of the Persian Red Army who in 1920-1921 landed with his revolutionary Persian Forces on the southern shores of the Caspian to establish the Socialist Soviet Republic of Iran.
Book title translates to "Muslims and Christians, Christians and Armenians in the 19th and 20th centuries"; paper "Ihsan'u'llah Khan Dustdar, the Caucasian Revolutionaries and the founding of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran 1920-1921." Page images scanned by author and shared with me for posting, just before his passing in 2014; converted to PDF and OCRed 2017.
Keywords: Ihsanullah Khan Dustdar; Iran (documents)

Imam Absconditus and the Beginnings of a Theology of Occultation: Imami Shiʿism Circa 280-290 A. H./900 A. D. - Arjomand,Said Amir (Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1997)
Examination of the end of the 9th century and events following the death of the eleventh Imam, and the formal beginnings of the doctrine of the "hidden" twelfth Imam. Contains no mention of the Bahá'í Faith.
Also later published in Sociology of Shi'ite Islam: collected essays (Brill, 2016). See also the author's Consolation of Theology: Absence of the Imam and Transition from Chiliasm to Law in Shi'ism and Crisis of the Imamate and the Institution of Occultation in Twelver Shiism.
Keywords: Hidden Imam; Imams; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Shia Islam (Shiism); Twelfth Imam

Immanence and Transcendence in Theophanic Symbolism - Sours,Michael W. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1992)
Bahá'u'lláh uses symbols to depict theophanies — the appearance of God and the divine in the realm of creation — such as "angel," "fire," and the prophets' claims to be incarnating the "face" or "voice" of God; these convey the transcendence of God.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/438. See also original scan. See also The Maid of Heaven, the Image of Sophia, and the Logos: Personification of the Spirit of God in Scripture and Sacred Literature (Sours, 1991).
Keywords: Angels; Attainment unto the Divine presence; Bahá'u'lláh, Station of; Bible; Bride (metaphor); Christianity; Clouds; Dawn-Breakers (book); Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Dove (symbol); Dreams and visions; Dualism; Fire; Gabriel (angel); Gender; Genesis (Bible); Glory (general); God; God, Anthropomorphic descriptions of; God, Day of; God, Names of; God, Will of; God, Word of; Haft Vádí (Seven Valleys); Holy Spirit; Huruf (letters); Interfaith dialogue; Interpretation; Islam; Jerusalem, Israel; Jesus Christ; Joseph (Prophet); Judaism; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Laws; Logos; Maid of Heaven; Manifestations of God; Metaphors and allegories; Monism; Moses; Mount Sinai, Egypt; Mythology; New Jerusalem; Obedience; Paradise; Peace; Progressive revelation; Prophecies; Revelation; Scholarship; Sophia (wisdom); Sufism; Symbolism; Theology; Theophany; Typology; Unity; Unity of humanity; Unity of religion; Wisdom; Words and phrases

Importance of Leadership and Participation in Ensuring the Success of a Teaching Plan - Erfanian,Kian; Derakhshandegan,Mehran (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
The relationship between leadership and participation of institutions and individuals in the organic unfolding of the Cause, and a practical plan of action for a local Bahá'í community.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.

Importancia de las Escrituras en la Ética Laboral Protestante - Palacios,Saul (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
La ética laboral protestante (PWE) se fundamentaba en un fuerte componente. La PWE ya no está únicamente asociada a los cristianos, sino que se encuentra presente en individuos de distintos credos, desvinculándola de todo otro aspecto religioso.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/5582. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Ethics; Interfaith dialogue; Protestantism; Sociology; Work; Work ethics

Impressions of Haifa - Locke,Alain (Bahá'í World, 1926)
Locke reflects on his visit to the Bahá'í shrines in November 1923.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Akka, Israel; Alain Locke; Bahji, Israel; Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Equality; Haifa, Israel; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims notes; Service; Shoghi Effendi; Unity

Improved Access to Intelligent Responses Using the Bahá'í Model of Consultation: Two Exploratory Small-Sample Studies - Kolstoe,John E. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1997)
Studies using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale show that people consulting together can access intelligent responses superior to that attained through individual effort, and suggest several areas of inquiry for further investigation.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/269.
Keywords: Consultation

In All the Ways that Matter, Women Don't Count - Momen,Moojan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1994)
The Bahá'í goal of achieving sexual equality cannot be achieved merely by trying to advance the position of women in society, but rather society itself must be "feminized."
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Women

In Memoriam - Author unknown, compiler (Bahá'í World, 1986)
95 biographies from Bahá'í World 18. Includes detailed bios of H.M. Balyuzi, A.Q. Faizi, Robert Hayden, Bernard Leach, Stanwood Cobb, Rahmatu'llah Muhajir, Adelbert Muhlschlegel, Doris Holley, Paul Haney, Enoch Olinga, Muhammad Labib, etc.
See Bahá'í World volume 18. See also indexes to obituaries and in-memoria.
Keywords: Biography; In Memoriam

In Memoriam: Amin Banani (1926-2013) - Anonymous (Lights of Irfán, 2014)
Bio of an Iranian-American Bahá'í and prominent academic who authored The Modernization of Iran, and pioneered the Iranian Studies program at UCLA; he and his wife Shiela also served as Bahá'í pioneers to Greece during the Ten Year Crusade.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/lights15_memoriam-banani.
Keywords: Amin Banani; Biography

In Memoriam: Hugh McKinley - Velasco,Ismael (Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2007)
McKinley (1924-1999) was a British Bahá'í pioneer to Cyprus during the Ten Year Crusade (1953-1963).
See also Life of Hugh McKinley, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh (Olivia McKinley, 2004). Originally posted at ojbs.org, archived at archive.org.
Keywords: Biography; Hugh McKinley; In Memoriam

In Memoriam: Hushmand Fatheazam (1924-2013) - Fatheazam,Shahbaz (Lights of Irfán, 2014)
Born into a prominent Iranian Bahá'í family, he pioneered to India where he was later elected to the National Spiritual Assembly, serving as its secretary until 1963, when he was elected to the Universal House of Justice, serving on that body until 2003.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org.
Keywords: Biography; Hushmand Fatheazam; Universal House of Justice, Members of

In praise of Individuation - McGlinn,Sen (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1994)
On the critique of western society. Includes commentary by Roshan Danesh and Gordon Dicks.
See commentary by Roshan Danesh and Gordon Dicks, below.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Individualism

In Pursuit of Harmony between Science and Religion - Lample,Paul (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2016)
The capacity to unite in the investigation of truth for the advancement of civilization requires the harmony of science and religion, in which science is freed from materialism and religion from superstition.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/217. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Materialism; Paul Lample; Science; Superstition

"In the Beginning Was the Word": Apocalypse and the Education of the Soul - Woodman,Ross (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1993)
Hidden meanings in scripture and the soul are metaphorically identified with the huris, or brides. The bridegroom, Bahá'ulláh, enters union as the marriage of the Manifestation with the Maid of Heaven, who releases the Logos and the newly created soul.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/79. See also review by B. H. Conow (1995).
Keywords: Abuse; Adam and Eve; Apocalypse; Archetypes; Arts and crafts; Carl Gustav Jung; Children; Christianity; Creation; Education; Equality; Fate, destiny and predestination; Fathers; Fire; Free will; Freedom and liberty; Gender; God, Will of; God, Word of; Houris (huris); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Jesus Christ; John Milton (author); Judaism; Kalimat-i-Maknunih (Hidden Words); Literature; Literature, English; Logos; Love; Maid of Heaven; Manifestations of God; Marriage; Maturity of humanity; Metaphors and allegories; Mother Book; Mothers; Mount Carmel; Obligatory prayer, Long; Parents; Power; Pregnancy; Progressive revelation; Psychology; Ross Woodman; Sexuality; Sigmund Freud; Sophia (wisdom); Soul; Unity; Women

In the Heart of All That Is: "Heart" in Bahá'í Writings and Science - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
The “Heart,” and the “City of the Heart,” are central concepts in the Bahá’í Writings. The idea of the heart being the site where the spiritual and the physical meet.
See also Part Two: In the Pure Soil of Thy Heart: "Heart" in Bahá'í Writings and Neurocardiology.. Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #81, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 29 - June 1, 2008). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/81/klebel_heart1.
Keywords: Heart; Irfan Colloquia; Psychology; Science

In the Presence of the Beloved: Bahá'u'lláh's Lawh-i-Liqá': A Revised Provisional Translation and Notes - Rafiei,Nima (Lights of Irfán, 2017)
In Arabic, liqá’ indicates the promise of meeting the Lord. Bahá’u’lláh has transformed the concept of attainment unto the divine presence. Comparison of Shí'ih and Bábí-Bahá’í interpretations of liqá', including the practice of service.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #138 (Acuto, 2016). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/138/rafiee_liqa.
Keywords: Attainment unto the Divine presence; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Kawthar (fountain); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Lawh-i-Liqa; Quran; Service

In the Pure Soil of Thy Heart: "Heart" in Bahá'í Writings and Neurocardiology - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2009)
How the physical heart in its new discovered properties can actually be the seat of knowledge and right decisions.
See also Part One: In the Heart of All That Is: "Heart" in Bahá'í Writings and Science. Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #81, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 29 - June 1, 2008). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/81/klebel_heart2.
Keywords: Heart; Irfan Colloquia; Psychology; Science

'Indian Money' and the Shi'i Shrine Cities of Iraq, 1786-1850 - Cole,Juan (Middle Eastern Studies, 1986)
On the political economy of the Shi'i shrine cities of Iraq, theological and pilgrimage centers which grew around the tombs of the Imams, in the 18th and 19th centuries. Connections from India proved lucrative for the Usuli clerics in these cities.
Contains only one passing mention of the Bábí Faith.
Keywords: Culture, Indo-Persian; Economics; India; Iraq; Karbala, Iraq; Kazimayn, Baghdad, Iraq; Najaf, Iran; Shia Islam (Shiism)

Indigenous Messengers of God - Buck,Christopher; Locke,Kevin (2014)
68 essays on Native American theology and history from the perspective of Bahá'í teachings.
This article is a compilation of articles posted at bahaiteachings.org/series/indigenous-messengers-of-god. For an overview in Excel format with all articles by Christoper Buck on bahaiteachings.org, see here. See also a Powerpoint presentation by Buck and Locke, Buck's Indigenous Messengers of God (in honor of Kevin Locke, 1954-2022), Native Messengers of God in Canada, 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Prophecy "Indians Will Enlighten the World", Deganawida, the Peacemaker, Messengers of God in North America Revisited, and Baha’i Universalism and Native Prophets.
Keywords: Aboriginal people; Australia; Bahaiteachings.org; Canada; Cultural diversity; Indigenous Messengers of God; Indigenous people; Interfaith dialogue; Mexico; Native American messengers; Native Americans; Peru; Prophecies; United States (documents)

Individual Bahá'í Perspective on Spiritual Aspects of Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development: Towards a Second Enlightenment - Jones Kavelin,Chris (The International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations, 2008)
This paper discusses the spiritual value of cultural diversity and explores how such reflection impacts development policy on the local, national and international levels.
This document is also available as PDF.
Keywords: Cultural diversity; Diversity; Sustainable development

Individualism and the Spiritual Path in Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i - Cole,Juan (Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Bahá'í Studies, 1997)
On Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i's criticisms of aspects of Sufism, and whether he could be considered a "mystic" despite his anathemas against Sufism.
Mirrored with permission from h-net.org/~bahai/bhpapers/ahsaind.htm.
Keywords: Mysticism; Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsá'i; Shaykhism; Sufism

Indonesian Bahá'í Community's Perspective on Gender Equality - Hidayat,Samsul (Al-Albab, 2023)
On the concept of gender equality in Indonesian context from a Bahá'í perspective; Bahá'ís view gender differences only from biological factors; differences are due to the cultures of the people, not patriarchal ideology like in the Indonesian tradition.
PDF is online at jurnaliainpontianak.or.id.
Keywords: Community (general); Equality; Gender; Indonesia; Women

Infallible Institutions? - Schaefer,Udo (Reason and Revelation: Studies in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions, 2002)
Historical and Bahá'í interpretations of infallibility.
Originally published in Bahá'í Studies Review Volume 9, 1999/2000.
Keywords: Administrative Order; Christianity; Guardianship; Infallibility; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Making the Crooked Straight (book); Papacy; Udo Schaefer; Universal House of Justice

Inheritance Laws of Bahá'í Community: A Gendered Analysis of Inheritance Under the Kitab-i-Aqdas and the Indian Succession Act - Kohli,Ishita (Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, 2021)
Bahá'í laws create a symmetrical equality between sexes, via the principle of mutatis mutandis; the concept of private property and its effect on testamentary succession seen through a progressive and gender-neutral lens.
Online at ijllr.com/volume-iii-issue-i.
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Inheritance; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book)

Inheritance Laws of the Baha'i Community and Gender Equality - Sharma,Sarthak (International Journal of Legal Science and Innovation, 2021)
Examination of whether the Bahá'í Faith's teachings on gender-justice and equality are reflected in its inheritance laws and the Kitab-i-Aqdas; scholarly articles on this subject; comparison with Islamic provisions and law.
Mirrored with permission from www.ijlsi.com.
Keywords: Equality; Gender; Inheritance; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws

Insider and Outsider Scholarship in Bahá'í Studies - Momen,Moojan (Lights of Irfán, 2008)
'Insider' and 'outsider' scholars can both use academic methodolology in the study of religion with productive results.
Presented at a 2001 conference in Copenhagen on "Globalisation and the Bahá'í Faith." Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/momen_scholarship.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Irfan Colloquia; Scholarship

Integrative Approach to Knowledge and Action: A Baha'i Perspective - Sabet,Behrooz (Converging Realities, 2000)
A conceptual base for the development of an integrative approach to the study of the Bahá'í Faith, based largely on the harmony of science and religion.
Originally published at converge.landegg.edu, archived at archive.org. Article re-posted here with permission of publisher (notwithstanding the publisher's copyright restrictions).
Keywords: Knowledge; Philosophy; Science

Interfaith and the Future - Hick,John (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1994)
The development of the interfaith movement over the past 100 years and its possible futures.
From an address given to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the World's Parliament of Religions at the Church of Scotland Assembly Hall, The Mound, Edinburgh, 2 October 1993.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue

International Bahá'í Council - Herrmann,Duane L. (Bahá'í News, 1990)
History of the formation of the IBC.
Keywords: Administration; Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í history; Haifa, Israel; International Bahá'í Council; Universal House of Justice

Internationalism and Divine Law: A Baha'i Perspective - Danesh,Roshan (Journal of Law and Religion, 2004)
On the internationalism motif in Bahá'í political and legal thought; the place of divine legal claims in contemporary debates about models of world order; religion as a unifying force; concept of divine law in both Persian and Islamic history.
Mirrored from nhbahais.com.
Keywords: Christianity; Integration and disintegration; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Islam; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws; Reform; Unity; World order

Interpretation and the Guardianship - Semple,Ian C. (Lights of Irfán, 2005)
Two versions of a talk presented at a seminar in Haifa, 1984, on differences between personal interpretation, authoritative interpretation, divinely guided legislation, and the role of the Guardian as interpreter
This talk was given in 1984, and later slightly edited for publication in 2005. Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/semple_guardianship.
Keywords: Constitutions (Bahá'í); Constitutions (general); Covenant; Guardianship; Interpretation; Irfan Colloquia; Universal House of Justice, Constitution of

Interpretation as Revelation: The Qur'an Commentary of the Báb - Lawson,Todd (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
Overview and context of two of the Bab's earliest writings and their relevance to Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsá’í and Siyyid Kázim Rashtí: a commentary on the Qur'an's Chapter of the Cow, and his famous Qayyúm al-Asmá, Commentary on the Chapter of Joseph.
Mirrored with permission from Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. First published in Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of the Qur’án, ed. Andrew Rippin (Oxford University Press, 1988); see lawson_interpretation_revelation_1988.pdf.
Keywords: Qayyumul-Asma (book); Shaykhism; Tafsir (exegesis); Tafsir surat al-baqara (Commentary on the Surah of the Cow)

Interpretation in the Bahá'í Faith - Cole,Juan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1995)
The Bahá'í writings contain a complex and nuanced set of prescriptions for the interpretation of scripture. Before examining them, the very idea of "interpretation" must be clarified.
Keywords: Interpretation; Ludwig Wittgenstein

Interreligious Dialogue and the Bahá'í Faith: Some Preliminary Observations - Fazel,Seena (Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahá'í Theology: Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, 1997)
An overview of pluralistic approaches and their relevance to Bahá'í studies.
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Interfaith dialogue; Revisioning the Sacred (book)

Intimate Diversity: The Presentation of Multiculturalism and Multiracialism in a High-Boundary Religious Movement - Jenkins,Kathleen (Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2003)
On the construction and maintenance of multiracial/ethnic networks in religious movements, through a comparative analysis of International Churches of Christ, The People's Temple, and the U.S. Bahá'í community.
Mirrored from nhbahais.com.
Keywords: Criticism and apologetics; Race; Race unity; Sociology; United States (documents)

Introduction to Abdu'l-Baha's The Secret of Divine Civilization, An - Saiedi,Nader (Converging Realities, 2000)
'Abdu'l-Bahá's The Secret of Divine Civilization in the context of the Iranian social and political situation of the day, and comments on its contribution to ongoing debates on certain religious, social, and political debates.
Originally published at converge.landegg.edu, archived at archive.org. Article re-posted here with permission of publisher (notwithstanding the publisher's copyright restrictions).
Keywords: Iran (documents); Middle East; Reform; Secret of Divine Civilization (book); Social and economic development; Sociology

Introduction to Nuqtat-al-Kaf, and Index and Concordance to the Persian Bayán - Browne,E. G. (Kitab-i Nuqtat al-Kaf: Being the Earliest History of the Babis, 1910)
Browne's English-language introduction to the earliest Bábí history Kitab-i Nuqtat al-Kaf, plus his detailed, annotated "Index of Chief Contents" of the Persian Bayán.
See also PDF scan of original.
Keywords: Bayan-i-Farsi (Persian Bayan); E. G. Browne; Kitáb-i-Nuqtatul-Kaf

Introduction to the Baha'i Faith - Smith,Peter (British Library, 2019)
A look at the central features of the Baha’i Faith, including its history, and the key beliefs, organisation and world-view of the Baha’i community (archived copy, original offline).
Mirrored from bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/an-introduction-to-the-bahai-faith [archive.org]. See also Moojan Momen's Central Figures of the Baha'i Faith and Bahá'í Sacred Texts, and see the start page British Library - Discovering Sacred Texts: Bahá'í [archive.org].
Keywords: British Museum and British Library; Introductory

Introduction to the Kitáb-i-Iqán, An - Sabet,Nasser (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1991)
The importance, style, and contents of the Book of Certitude, and its five major themes: the true seeker and independent investigation of truth, rebirth of spirituality, Christianity and Islam, the Bábí dispensation, and the process of revelation.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/issue/archive.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude)

Introduction: A Traveller's Narrative Written to Illustrate the Episode of the Báb - Browne,E. G. (1891)
Overview of Browne's early research into the Bábís and his collecting their historical materials; autobiographical summary of part of his career; impressions of Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá.
HTML typed in 1999 by Alison Marshall; PDF generated from Word document prepared by Mike Thomas, 2023. (Note: this document was posted at this site in 1999; this is merely a new URL, but with the addition of Thomas' proofread Word and PDF versions.) See also the complete book and abridged version. See also a scan of the original book [PDF, 32MB].
Keywords: Akka, Israel; Biography; Cyprus; E. G. Browne; Famagusta, Cyprus; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Taríkh-i-Jadíd (New History); Travelers Narrative (book)

Invisible Occidentalism: Eighteenth-Century Indo-Persian Constructions of the West - Cole,Juan (Iranian Studies, 1992)
Iranian attitudes toward Western culture, science, and philosophers in the colonial era. (No mention of Babis or Bahá'ís.)
Purchase online: tandfonline.com.
Keywords: 18th century; Culture, Indo-Persian; Culture, Western; India; Iran (documents); Philosophers; Science

Iqbál and the Bábí-Bahá'í Faith - Schimmel,Annemarie (The Bahá'í Faith and Islam, 1990)
One of the more influential Muslim thinkers of the first half of the 20th century, Iqbal expressed views on the the Bábí and Bahá'í religions in his dissertation "The Development of Metaphysics in Persia" and his poetical magnum opus the Javidnama.
Scholarly paper presented at the "Bahá’í Faith and Islam" symposium held at McGill University, Montreal, March 1984. See more at bahaistudies.ca/books/bahai-faith-and-islam, and see also The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (1908).
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Biography; Buddhism; Bábísm; Dante (author); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Life after death (afterlife); Literature; Literature, Persian; Love; Muhammad Iqbal (poet); Philosophy; Poetry; Rumi (Mevlana); Salvation; Soul; Sufism; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj)

Iran's Systemic Denial of Access to Higher Education - Sabeti,Saman (FICHL Policy Brief Series, 2017)
Discrimination as embedded in the Iranian Constitution and in higher education since 1979; dismissal and expulsion; exclusion by application form; exclusion by process; how the victims have responded.
This article is hosted under open-access copyright at toaep.org/pbs. Find it also under toaep.org/authors/#authors_s.
Keywords: Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Education; Human rights; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Iran

Iran, Democracy, and International Law - Karimi,Abteen (Maryland Journal of International Law, 2013)
Passing mentions of Bahá'í persecution in Iran (see pages 318-319).
Mirrored with CC permission from digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil/vol27/iss1/17/.ER -

Iran: Suppression of religious freedom and persecution of religious minorities: case studies - Schirrmacher,Thomas (International Journal of Religious Freedom, 2009)
The legal status of non-Shiite Muslims, Bahá'ís, and various Christian confessions in Iran.
Mirrored from religionsfreiheit.net.
Keywords: Human rights; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the Nineteenth Century - Cole,Juan (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1992)
The growth of belief in representative government within the Bahá'í faith in the last third of the 19th century as an example of how popular opinion in Iran was changing prior to the Constitutional Revolution.
Mirrored with permission from www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bhconst.htm.
Keywords: 19th century; Democracy; Iran (documents); Millennialism; Politics

Iranian Refugees in America: A Cross-Cultural Perspective - Lewis,Frank; Stevens,Puran (Bahá'í Refugee Office of the NSA of the Bahá'ís of the United States, 1986)
Introduction to Persian culture, history, and customs, designed as an aid in cultural understanding for Americans interacting with Iranian emigrants.
Keywords: Cultural differences; Culture, Persian; Diaspora, Persian; Iran (documents); Taaruf (Tarof); United States (documents)

Iranian Refugees: The Many Faces of Persecution - Jones,Allen K. (American Council for Nationalities Service, 1984)
A paper detailing the persecution and displacement of Iranian refugees (including Bahá'ís) due to religious, ethnic, and political reasons following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, emphasizing their global spread and challenges in asylum and resettlement.
Keywords: Human rights; Iran (documents); Migration; Persecution, Iran; Refugees; United States (documents)

Ireland's Multi-Ethnic Immigration Challenge: An Irish Bahá'í View - Moane,Eamonn (Solas, 2002)
After centuries of population loss, Ireland’s economic success in the 1990s led to a surge of immigration, but its reaction to a multi-ethnic influx has been disappointing. It needs Bahá'í approaches like consultation, tolerance, fairness, and morality.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 2. Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: Consultation; Cultural diversity; Integration (migration); Ireland; Migration; Tolerance

Is Economic Justice Possible?: Toward a New Conception of the Equitable Distribution of Wealth and Income - Sabet,Navid (Bahá'í World, 2020)
Survey of the world's current economic condition, and on the implications of Bahá'í principles on the enormous challenge of building an economic system that is just, benefiting all of humanity.
Because this article contains both footnotes and illustrations, and because the PDF options at bahai.org allow you to only choose one or the other (documents there can be saved with illustrations or footnotes, but not both), we have a PDF at this site only for search-engine indexing — but please see the better version at bahaiworld.bahai.org.
Keywords: Charity and relief work; Economics; Equality; Justice; Wealth and poverty

Is It Unethical to Evade Taxes in an Evil or Corrupt State?: A Look at Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Mormon and Bahá'í Perspectives - McGee,Robert W. (Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 1999)
The ethics of tax evasion has been a neglected topic in both the accounting and ethical literature. This article reviews the recent literature, focusing on the question of whether tax evasion is ethical in a corrupt country.
Mirrored from Social Science Research Network.
Keywords: Christianity; Corruption; Economics; Ethics; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Judaism; Mormonism (Latter Day Saints); Taxation

Is Spirituality Effective in Addiction Recovery and Prevention? - Ghadirian,Abdu'l-Missagh; Salehian,Shadi (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
Substance abuse has become a global health crisis, the leading cause of death and disability worldwide; various theories have emerged about the positive influence of spirituality; how an effective approach to prevention and treatment might be realized.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/250. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Addiction; Alcohol; Drugs; Health and healing; Psychology; Spirituality

Is the Bahá'í Faith a World Religion? - Fazel,Seena (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
Examination of the terms "world religion" and "new religious movement" to demonstrate that the Bahá'í Faith is best categorized as a "world religion."
Also available as a formatted PDF from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/80.
Keywords: Bahá'í Faith, Sect, NRM or World Religion; Introductory; New religious movements (NRM); World religions

Is the Baha'i Faith a World Religion? - Momen,Moojan (Soundings: Essays in Bahá'í Theology, 1989)
The Bahá'í Faith has the potential to become a world religion, but whilst it has achieved a global distribution, it is still limited by the cultural presuppositions of some of its adherents, and so does not reach all types of people.
This paper was published in Soundings: Essays in Bahá'í Theology (ed. Sen McGlinn), Open Circle Publishing, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1989, pp. 55-64. It has been scanned in from the original. The article referred to in note 4 subsequently appeared in Religion (1989) vol. 19, pp 63-91. The article referred to in note 10 subsequently appeared in Studies in Honor of the Late Hasan M. Balyuzi (ed. Moojan Momen). Studies in the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions, vol. 5, Kalimat Press, Los Angeles, 1988, pp. 185-217Mirrored with permission from www.momen.org/contents.htm.
Keywords: Bahá'í Faith, Sect, NRM or World Religion; World religions

Islam and Minorities: The Case of the Baha'is - Buck,Christopher (Studies in Contemporary Islam, 2003)
"The Bahá'í question" is really a test case for whether Islam can legitimately claim to respect human rights today. Includes a Persian translation of the original article.
Keywords: Bahá'í Institute for Higher Education (BIHE); Human rights; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Persecution; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other

Islam and the Bahá'í Faith: A Brief Guide - Troxel,Duane (Deepen, 1994)
An overview of some facts and resources about Islam Bahá'ís should know when conversing with Muslims. Includes chronology of Islam.
This is a revision of a paper published in Deepen Magazine in 1992 under the title "Islam for Bahá'ís." Also available as PDF (1.5MB) of the original printed version from the published magazine.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Islam

Islam in the History of Religions - Bausani,Alessandro (Problems and Methods in the History of Religions, 1972)
Methodological reflection on the question: how much does the study of so-called "superior" religions fit into the history of religions as a unitary discipline?
From "Proceedings of the Study Conference Organized by the Italian Society for the History of Religions on the Occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of the Death of Raffaele Pettazzoni, Rome, 6-8 December 1969 - Papers and Discussions" (see Google Books). The Bahá'í Faith is mentioned in passing on pp. 57 and 63.
Keywords: Alessandro Bausani; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Monotheism

Islam, Muhammad, and the Qur'an: Some Introductory Notes - Lambden,Stephen (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1991)
Islamic contributions to Western culture and science and discusses the place of Islamic Studies in the Bahá'í Faith.
Keywords: Culture, Western; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Muhammad (Prophet); Quran; Science

Islám: The First 138 Years - Rassekh,Nosratollah (World Order, 1980)
Overview of the start of Islam, the life of Muhammad, the Qur'an, succession, early splits and philosophical disagreements, and expansion across the Middle East.
Online in PDF and text formats at bahai.works. See also Christianity, A.D. 138.
Keywords: Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Muhammad (Prophet)

Islamische Grundlagen des Kitáb-i Aqdas: Mit neuen Erkenntnissen zu seiner Datierung - Ekbal,Kamran (Iran im 19. Jahrhundert und die Enstehung der Bahá'í Religion, 1998)
Book title translates to Iran in the 19th century and the emergence of the Bahá'í religion; paper title "Islamic foundations of Kitáb-i Aqdas: With new insights as to its dating." Page images scanned by author and shared with me for posting, just before his passing in 2014; converted to PDF and OCRed 2017.See also Ekbal's Der Messianismus des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts und die Entstehung der Bahá'í Religion from this same book.
Keywords: Dating of Writings; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book)

Jainism and the Bahá'í Faith: Non-Violence and Plurality Across Time and Space - Zhang,Yifan (ISJS-Transactions: A Quarterly Refereed Online Research Journal on Jainism, 2022)
Comparison of similarities in Bahá'í and Jain teachings, especially in non-violence and plurality across time and space. Link to article (offsite).
Article online at isjs.in (offsite).
Keywords: Ethics; Globalization; India; Interfaith dialogue; Jainism; Migration; Non-violence; Peace; Philosophy; Religion (general); Respect; Tolerance; Unity; War

Jamal Effendi and Sayyid Mustafa Rumi in Celebes: The Context of Early Bahá'í Missionary Activity in Indonesia - de Vries,Jelle (Bahá'í Studies Review, 2007)
Details of an early Bahá'í missionary journey to the the island of Celebes (now Sulawesi) in what was then to the Dutch East Indies, including the conversion of the king and queen of Boné.
In March 2006 the NSA of the United Kingdom suspended the "Association for Bahá'í Studies (English-speaking Europe)" and replaced it with the "Association for Bahá'í Studies (United Kingdom)". At that time the Bahá'í Studies Review was given a new editorial board and a new publisher, Intellect, and housed at atypon-link.com where this article was provided as a free download. BSR has moved to yet a third website, ingentaconnect.com, which no longer offers this PDF online.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Indonesia; Jamal Effendi; Netherlands; Siyyid Mustafa Rumi

Jamál Effendi and the Early History of the Bahá'í Faith in South Asia - Momen,Moojan (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1999)
Includes maps on Jamal Effendi's journeys in India, and journeys in Southeast Asia.
This article was later republished in Search for Values: Ethics in Bahá'í Thought (Kalimat, 2004). First presented on 4 December 1999, at a meeting of the Religious Studies Special Interest Group of the Association for Bahá'í Studies (ESE), held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, under the title "An Account of the Activities and an Analysis of the Role of Jamál Effendi in the Propagation of the Bahá’í Faith throughout Asia."
Keywords: Afghanistan; Bahá'í history by country; Bangladesh; Central Asia; China; India; Indonesia; Jamal Effendi; Myanmar; Pakistan; Singapore; South Asia; Southeast Asia; Sri Lanka; Tajikistan; Teaching; Thailand; Tibet; Uzbekistan

Jesus Christ in the Bahá'í Writings - Stockman,Robert (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1992)
While Christians traditionally believe the Gospels to be substantially accurate, little is known about Jesus and what he actually taught; the Bahá'í writings fill in many of these gaps.
This paper is based on a presentation made at the seminar "How is Jesus Unique?" at Edinburgh University, organised by the Bahá'í Society in December 1991. See also Michael Sours' commentary on this article Commentary concerning the differences between Christian and Bahá'í terminology.
Keywords: Bible; Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ, Crucifixion of; Sin; Trinity

Jesus the Son of God and the Incarnation Doctrine - Khursheed,Antonella; Khursheed,Anjam (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
The Bahá'í approach to the sonship and divinity of Christ is consistent with Old and New Testament usage. It examines the Incarnation Doctrine, the roots of which can be traced to pagan influences coloring Christian belief in its early centuries.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 1.
Keywords: Christianity; Interfaith dialogue; Jesus Christ; Son of God

Joycean Modernism in a Nineteenth-Century Qur'an Commentary?: A Comparison of The Báb's Qayyūm Al-Asmā' with Joyce's Ulysses - Lawson,Todd (Erin and Iran: Cultural Encounters between the Irish and the Iranians, 2015)
Comparison of the formal structure of the two works and themes such as time; oppositions and their resolution; relation between form and content; prominence of epiphany; manifestation, advent and apocalypse; and the theme of heroism, reading and identity.
The PDF below is a corrected, lightly updated version of the published copy.
Keywords: Abjad system; Alast (Primordial Covenant); Apocalypse; Arising; Arts and crafts; Day-year principle; Disconnected letters of the Quran; Dualism; Dublin, Ireland; Epics; Epiphany; Giordano Bruno; Interfaith dialogue; Iran (documents); Ireland; Islam; James Joyce (author); Joseph (Prophet); Knowledge; Language; Literature; Literature, English; Modernism; Monism; Mythology; Numerology; Opposites; Pairs of words; Philosophy; Qaim; Qayyumul-Asma (book); Quran; Reading; Remover of Difficulties (invocation); Shia Islam (Shiism); Time; Twelfth Imam; Typology; Ulysses (book); Words and phrases

Just System of Government: The Third Dimension to World Peace - Huddleston,John (The Bahá'í Faith and Marxism, 1987)
Highlights a few points in the Bahá'í approach to government and collective action.
Keywords: Consultation; Elections; Governance; Government; Justice; Peace; World order

Justice et Miséricorde?: Une théologie du pardon selon la foi Bahá'íe - Schaefer,Udo (Association d'Ètudes Bahá'íes (Europe francophone), 2001)
Mirrored with permission from www.udoschaefer.com/books/french.html.
Keywords: Ethics; Forgiveness; Justice; Udo Schaefer

"Justly and Without Bias": Consultation as a Technique for Mitigating Cognitive Biases - Espinosa,Andres Elvira (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2024)
Exploring Bahá’í consultation as a framework for mitigating cognitive biases, emphasizing group deliberation, justification, and repeated exposure to diverse perspectives for effective debiasing.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Bias; Consultation

Kafka's spiritual dimension - Massiah,Greg (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1996)
The metaphysical significance of Franz Kafka's work is often overlooked. An exploration of religion and spirituality in three of his best-known short stories: The Judgment, In the Penal Colony, and Before the Law.
This essay was 1995 winner ABS-ESE Student Prize for Bahá'í Studies.
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Franz Kafka (author); Literature; Literature, German

Kahlil Gibran - Buck,Christopher (American Writers Supplement XX, 2010)
A detailed study of the life and work of the Arab-American author and artist Gibran (1883—1931), who achieved fame in the West through his book The Prophet; a Maronite Christian by birth, he was influenced by Sufi ideas and admired 'Abdu'l-Bahá'.
Purchase this book online at amazon.com.
Keywords: Biography; Kahlil Gibran

Kaleidoscope: Some Aspects of Angelology, Light, the Divine Throne and Color Mysticism in Bábí and Bahá'í Scripture - Lambden,Stephen (Lights of Irfán, 2004)
Miscellaneous notes relating to religious cosmology, angelology, color and “throne” symbolism in select Abrahamic, Bábí, Bahá’í, and religious and mystical texts. It will be seen that colours are related to the theology of the celestial Throne.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #48, Center for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 10-13, 2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/48/lambden_kaleidoscope.
Keywords: Angels; Bible; Christianity; Colors; Cosmology; God; God, Throne of; God, Worlds of; Hadith; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Judaism; Lawh-i-Kullu't-Ta'ám (Tablet of All Food); Light; Quran; Shaykhism; Throne

Keys to the Proper Understanding of Islam in "The Dispensation of Baha'u'llah" - Wittman,Brian (Lights of Irfán, 2001)
Some references to Islam in Shoghi Effendi's English-language writings.
First presented as a homework assignment for the Wilmette Institute's "Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh" Course. Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #30, Louhelen Bahá'í School (October 6-8, 2000). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/30/wittman_islam.
Keywords: Administrative Order; Covenant; Dawn-Breakers (book); Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh (letter); Finality; God Passes By (book); Hadith; Interfaith dialogue; Irfan Colloquia; Islam; Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ, Crucifixion of; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Muhammad (Prophet); Promised Day is Come (letter); Seal of the Prophets; Veils; Women

Kitáb-i-Aqdas as Described and Glorified by Shoghi Effendi - Alá'í,Cyrus (Lights of Irfán, 2000)
Basic facts about the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Shoghi Effendi's analysis of the book in his God Passes By.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #22, London (August 27-29, 1999). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/22/ala'i_aqdas.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book)

Kitab-i-Iqan: An Introduction to Bahá'u'lláh's Book of Certitude with Two Digital Reprints of Early Lithographs - Buck,Christopher (1998)
The significance, context, style, exegical devices, background, contents, manuscripts, and printing history of the Kitab-i Iqan.
This article was originally drafted for the A Short Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith, and was later revised as an invited contribution to Encyclopaedia Iranica. In the first case, the article was solicited, accepted, and ultimately rejected under successive editors. In the second case, the submission was judged too lengthy. [-C.B.] This version was published online in H-Bahá'ís "Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Bábí and Bahá'í Studies" series, Vol. 2 No. 5 (June, 1998), at http://h-net.org/~bahai/bhpapers/vol2/iqan&sn.htm.
Keywords: Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Lithography

Knowledge and Civilization: Implications for the Community and the Individual - Arbab,Farzam (Bahá'í World, 1999)
Exploration of the relationship between science and religion as two great systems of knowledge that have a vital social role to play in the building of a world civilization.
Mirrored from
Keywords: Civilization; Knowledge; Religion (general); Science

Knowledge and the Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh: Invited Commentary - Semple,Ian C. (Bahá'í Studies Review, 1999)
On the apparent contradiction between following infallible divine guidance while pursuing an unfettered search after truth, and the culture of academic writing.
Keywords: Covenant; Criticism and apologetics; Knowledge; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Scholarship; Science

Knowledge into Action: The Bahá'í Imperative to Serve Humanity - Miller-Muro,Layli (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2014)
On the history of experience and evolution in thinking regarding social action in the Bahá’í community; the Tahirih Justice Center’s experience as one example of such learning; the culture of service we must embody.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/162.
Keywords: Action; Social action; Tahirih Justice Center; United States (documents)

Knowledge, Certitude and the Mystical Heart: The Hidden Essence of God's Word - Jones,LeRoy (Lights of Irfán, 2002)
Bahá'u'lláh equates Truth with divine knowledge and requires that we must first be cleansed of worldly things if we are to attain divine knowledge and true understanding. The elusive and transcendent nature of divine knowledge.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #34, Bosch Bahá'í School (May 18-20, 2001). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/34/jones_knowledge.
Keywords: Certitude; Heart; Irfan Colloquia; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Knowledge; Mysticism

L'islam, religion éternelle?: une approche bahá'íe de la revendication à la complétude - Fazel,Seena; Fananapazir,Khazeh (1993)
French translation of "A Bahá'í Approach to the Claim of Finality in Islam."
See original online at bahai-library.com/fananapazir_fazel_finality_islam.
Keywords: E-books (articles); Finality; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Progressive revelation; Seal of the Prophets

La construcción de comunidades y el compromiso social de los bahá'ís en Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona y Valencia - Marcelo Caceres,Aldo (Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 2022)
Este estudio pretende dar visibilidad a una serie de actividades educativas y de compromiso social, que los bahá’ís vienen desarrollando en Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona y Valencia, por comprender sus profunda vocación de servicio.
This article is online under CC license at revistas.uva.es/index.php/socireli/article/view/6121. See full journal Los problemas sociales, económicos y religiosos desde la perspectiva bahá’í.
Keywords: Barcelona, Spain; Community building; Madrid, Spain; Seville, Spain; Spain; Valencia, Spain

La Cultura Hispano Árabe en Latino América - Handal,Boris (Polis, 2004)
The influence of the Hispano-Arab culture in Latin American history, from a linguistic point of view, and through the development of the humanities and sciences such as mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.
Originally posted at revistapolis.cl [archived], the Revista On-Line de la Universidad Bolivariana; see also this issue's table of contents.
Keywords: Arabic language; Civilization; Cultural diversity; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Latin America; Philosophy; Renaissance; Science; Spain; Spanish language

La Raison dans les Ecrits baha'is: Son importance, sa fonction, son usage - Kluge,Ian (2013)
French translation of "Reason and the Bahá'í Writings."
See original, at bahai-library.com/kluge_reason_writings_2013.
Keywords: E-books (articles); Heart; Intuition; Logic; Philosophy; Rationality; Reason; Science

Language and Universalization: A 'Linguistic Ecology' Reading of Bahá'í Writings - Meyjes,Gregory Paul P. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1999)
How the promotion of linguistic minority rights may coincide with promotion of an International Auxiliary Language, opposing trends toward increased globalization and growing nationalism, and the unregulated global spread of English.
Mirrored with permission from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/112. Though the PDF below shows "1994," the publisher's website gives the correct "1999."
Keywords: Human rights; International auxiliary language; Linguistic minority rights

Language and Worldview - Fantini,Alvino E. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
Languages are paradigms of a view of the world. Knowledge of more than one language holds promise for an expanded worldview, for understanding other people on their own terms.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Cultural diversity; Diversity; Language; Unity

Laozi: A Lost Prophet? - Faber,Roland (Lights of Irfán, 2018)
On the Tao Te Ching, or Dao De Jing; the uniqueness of Toaism/Daoism; resonances with and differences from the Bahá’í universe; should Doaism be considered a genuine dispensation of a divine Manifestation.
Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/u/faber_laozi.
Keywords: Buddha; China; Interfaith dialogue; Laozi (Lao-Tse); Manifestations of God; Philosophy; Prophets; Taoism

Last Prophet and Last Day: Shaykhí, Bábí and Bahá'í Exegesis of the 'Seal of the Prophets' (Q. 33:40) - Buck,Christopher; Ioannesyan,Youli A. (Religions, 2023)
Survey and analysis of viewpoints on the meaning of "Seal of the Prophets"; the prophetic cycle and cycle of fulfillment; metaphorical and spiritual understandings of the "divine presence." Link to article (offsite).
Published in the Religions special issue "The Bahá'í Faith: Doctrinal and Historical Explorations," online at mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/3/334, where it is also available in HTML, XML, and epub formats. Also online at academia.edu.
Keywords: Attainment unto the Divine presence; Day of Resurrection (or Day of Judgment); I am all the Prophets (phrase); Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Manifestations of God; Metaphors and allegories; Prophecies; Quran; Seal of the Prophets; Shaykhism

Laura Barney's Discipleship to 'Abdu'l-Bahá: Tracing a Theological Flow from the Middle East to the United States, 1900-1916 - Miron,Layli Maria (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
How Laura Barney employed ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s teachings to influence social discourse as she taught the Bahá'í Faith in Europe and the United States.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/243. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Arts and crafts; Biography; Drama; Europe; Laura Clifford Barney; Plays; Public discourse (discourses of society); Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Teaching; United States (documents)

Lawh-i-Hikmat, Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet of Wisdom: Towards a Progressive Bahá'í Theology - Klebel,Wolfgang A. (Lights of Irfán, 2006)
The primary focus of Bahá'í studies must by on the Writings of the Faith, and the philosophical understanding and interpretation need to follow and be enlightened by the Revelation. We must look at modern philosophy critically in that light.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #60, Bosch Bahá'í School, California (May 26-29, 2005). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/60/klebel_hikmat.
Keywords: Irfan Colloquia; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Philosophy

Lawh-i-Hikmat: The Two Agents and the Two Patients - Rafati,Vahid (Andalib, 2002)
Discussion of the two terms fa`ilayn (the active force / "the generating influence") and munfa`ilayn (its recipient / "such as receive its impact") in Islamic philosophy, and their later use in Shaykhi and Bahá'í texts.
Translated by Brown in 2002; actual date of Andalib issue 5:19 not given. See also Brown's translation of A Tablet of 'Abdu'l-Bahá Explaining Three Verses in the Lawh-i-Hikmat.
Keywords: Active force and its recipient; Cosmology; Creation; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Philosophy; Philosophy, Greek; Philosophy, Islamic; Science

Lawh-i-Maryam (Tablet to Maryam) Revealed by Bahá'u'lláh: A Provisional Translation and Commentary - Savi,Julio; Mardani,Faezeh (Lights of Irfán, 2007)
Bahá’u’lláh’s Tablet to Maryam is both a source of historical information and of doctrinal and ethical hints, as well as an example of his refined literary style.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #69, Center for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 7-10, 2006). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/69/savi_maryam
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Crimson; Irfan Colloquia; Lawh-i-Maryam (Tablet to Maryam); Lawh-i-Pisar-Amm (Tablet to the Cousin); Leaf (title); Maryam (cousin of Bahá'u'lláh); Muhammad Vazír; Mírzá Rida-Quli (Hakim); Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Síyáh-Chál (Black Pit, Tehran)

Le Coran et l'imaginaire apocalyptique - Lawson,Todd (Religions et Histoire, 2010)
See also the unpublished English original, The Qur’an and the Apocalyptic Imagination. See publisher's webpage for this article at www.religions-histoire.com/numero-34.
Keywords: Apocalypse; Interfaith dialogue; Islam; Quran

Learning from 'Abdu'l-Bahá in a Society Characterized by Ageism - Hoonaard, van den,Deborah K. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2023)
On the nature and impact of ageism and how we learn to be old by the way people treat us, and how ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s example informs our own lives given the prevalence of ageism in Western society.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Aging; `Abdu'l-Bahá

Learning from History - Momen,Moojan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
The challenges caused by the influx of Third World villagers into the Bahá’í world community. The value of a study of the history of the Bahá’í Faith in understanding this development and in helping us towards appropriate presentations of the Faith.
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Bahá'í history; Buddhism; Cultural diversity; Dualism; God; Growth; Interfaith dialogue; Monism; Relativism; Teaching

Learning to Read Social Reality in the Light of the Revelation: Twenty-Five Years of Contributing to the Discourse of Ethics in Business - Arbab,Haleh (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2015)
The Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity works to learn how to advance the capacity of individuals and groups to participate in some of the prevalent discourses of society, for the betterment of the world and the growth of civilization.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/176.
Keywords: Business; Ethics; Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity (ISGP); Prosperity; Public discourse (discourses of society); Reality

Learning to Sift: Reflections on Ten Years of Engaging with the Economics Discourse - van Rijn,Jordan (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2023)
Collaborators explored diverse approaches how to examine economic discourse from a Bahá’í perspective, offering guidance to others in similar processes.
Mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Bahá'í studies; Economics; Materialism; Public discourse (discourses of society); Research; Studying

Les Bahá'ís: Un chapitre de l'histoire religieuse récente - Schaefer,Udo (La Pensées Bahá'í (Bulletin trimestriel), 1989)
Talk delivered at Landegg Academy, 1988. Mirrored with permission from www.udoschaefer.com/articles/french.html.
Keywords: Introductory

Les Béhahis et le Bâb - Nicolas,A.L.M. (Journal Asiatique, 1933)
Mirrored from gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k93322p/f258.image.
Keywords: A.L.M. Nicolas; Bahá'í studies; Bábísm

Les Paradigmes cachés de l'histoire: Comparaison de l'histoire des premiers siècles du christianisme et de la foi bahà'ie - Lepain,Jean-Marc (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1994)
Exploration of some lessons from history relevant to our era and our near future, from the perspective of philosophy of history; paradigms of Christian history which illuminate Bahá'í history; the rise and decline of civilizations; role of the Zeitgeist.
See also journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/268. See also original scan.
Keywords: Christianity; Civilization; History (general); Interfaith dialogue

Les Valeurs economiques et les valeurs morales - Hatcher,William S. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1989)
Mirrored with permission from the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Economics

Lessons in Leadership - Khadem,May (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 2018)
A personal journey of learning about leadership; widely shared false assumptions have led many off-course in addressing the challenges in the fight against blindness, and other public health concerns.
Article mirrored from journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/249. See also the complete issue [PDF].
Keywords: Blindness; Capacity building; Change; Charity and relief work; Consultation; Disability; Ethics; Governance; Health and healing; Justice; Leadership; Servitude; Social action; Social and economic development; Transformation

Letters from a 19th-century Kansas Baha'i - Herrmann,Duane L. (World Order, 1996)
An examination of two letters written by Barbara Ehrsam in Enterprise, Kansas in 1899.
PDF below generated from the Word document posted at academia.edu. See also Profiles of some Enterprise Bahá'ís.
Keywords: Bahá'í history by country; Barbara Ehrsam; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Kansas, USA; United States (documents)

Letters to Bahá'í princesses: Tablets revealed in honour of the women of Ibn-i Asdaq's household - Parvis Brookshaw,Dominic (Lights of Irfán, 2004)
A study and translation of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's tablets to the daughters of Hand of the Cause of God, Ibn-i Asdaq: Laqá'iyya, Huviyya, Rúhá and Talí`a. Includes various biographies and other tablets.
Presented at the Irfan Colloquia Session #48, Center for Bahá'í Studies, Acuto, Italy (July 10-13, 2003). Mirrored with permission from irfancolloquia.org/48/brookshaw_daughters.
Keywords: Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'í royalty; Biography; Hands of the Cause; Ibn-i-Asdaq (Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad); Irfan Colloquia; Qajar dynasty; Royalty; Women; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of

Lev Tolstoi and the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions: A Bibliography - Collins,William P.; Jasion,Jan T. (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1991)
The great spiritual crisis of Tolstoi’s life led him to a search for a pure faith. Late in life, this search led to his examination of the Bábí–Bahá’í religions. A bibliography of material on Tolstoi’s association with the Bahá'í Faith.
This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive.
Keywords: Leo Tolstoy (author); Russia

Liberal Democracy and the Bahá'í Administrative Order: An Analysis - Abizadeh,Arash (Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1990)
Comparison of the Bahá'í political system with two dominant types of liberal democracy, namely Responsible Government and Separation of Powers, as potential models for global government. (Link to PDF, offsite.)
PDF online at journal.bahaistudies.ca/online/article/view/422.

Liberation Theology and its Potential for Guidance Towards Peace on Earth: A Bahá'í Perspective - Fallon,Fleur (75 Years of the Bahá'í Faith in Australasia, 1996)
Bahá'u'lláh prescribed both a moral code for individuals based on knowing God and a design for a system of world government. These offer the most holistic answer for liberation theologians today.
This document is no longer available at its original host; mirrored from archive.org.
Keywords: Christianity; Christianity; Empowerment; Interfaith dialogue; Liberation theology; Mahatma Gandhi; Martin Luther; Non-violence; Peace; Social action; St. Francis of Assisi; Theology; Violence; Wealth and poverty

Library and Archival Resources at the Bahá'í World Centre - Collins,William P. (Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 1985)
Overview of the nature of the Bahá'í World Centre; historical resources at the BWC; Centre for the Study of the Holy Texts; access to BWC resources; classification schemes.
Paper presented at the Second Annual Los Angeles Bahá'í History Conference, 30 August - 2 September 1984. Link to document at hurqalya.ucmerced.edu/journals/bsb.
Keywords: A.L.M. Nicolas; Access to primary sources; Annotations (notes); Archives; Authenticity; Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Bahá'í Writings; Bahá'í studies; Bibliography; Centre for the Study of the Sacred Texts (Haifa); Classification (library); Computers; Confidentiality; Dating of Writings; Digital archiving; Digitization; Growth; Haifa, Israel; Indexes and catalogues; International Bahá'í Archives; International Bahá'í Library; Libraries; Manuscripts; Maps; Microfilms; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Newspaper articles; Periodicals; Preservation and conservation (archives); Privacy; Relics; Research; Research Department, Questions and answers; Scholarship; Scribes; Shoghi Effendi; Translation; Universal House of Justice (UHJ general); Universal House of Justice, Research Department; Visuals; Wisdom; `Abdu'l-Hamid Ishraq-Khavari

Life as Metaphor - Hatcher,John S. (Bahá'í World, 1986)
What is the moral rationale for physical reality? What is the proper relationship of human beings to physical reality? There are metaphorical reminders of our true nature and essential reality (e.g. the ageing process).
Go to Bahá'í World vol 18 table of contents.
Keywords: John Hatcher; Life (general); Metaphors and allegories; Philosophy

Life Crises among the Religiously Committed: Do Sectarian Differences Matter? - Ebaugh,Helen Rose Fuchs; Richman,Kathe; Chafetz,Janet Saltzman (Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1984)
Study of Catholic Charismatics, Christian Scientists, and Bahá'ís, in terms of their perceptions of the number, types and reactions to crises they had experienced. Sectarian differences exert a consistent effect.
Mirrored from nhbahais.com.
Keywords: Sociology; Stress; Tests and difficulties

Life of Hugh McKinley, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh - McKinley,Olive (Solas, 2004)
History of Hugh McKinley, correspondent of Shoghi Effendi, and his father, David McKinley — lives of interest not only to Bahá'ís but to the Irish in general.
See also a PDF of the complete issue of Solas 4. See also In Memoriam: Hugh McKinley (Ismael Velasco, 2007). Mirrored from breacais.demon.co.uk/abs/solas.
Keywords: David McKinley; Hugh McKinley; Ireland; Knights of Bahá'u'lláh

Life, Death and Immortality: The Taoist Religion in Singapore and the Bahá'í Faith - Chew,Phyllis Ghim-Lian (Singapore Bahá'í Studies Review, 1997)
Main features of Taoist practices in Singapore compared with Bahá'í which, at first glance, could not be more disparate; whether unity may be found behind the apparent dichotomy; spanning the gulf between these two distinct religions from different times.
See the table of contents and editor's note in the complete issue, vol. 2.
Keywords: China; Chinese religion; Philosophy; Philosophy, Chinese; Singapore; Soul; Taoism

Literary Imitation in Three Poems Attributed to Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn - Shayani,Sahba (Hawwa, 2023)
The poetry of Tahirih has largely been ignored by historians, partly from politico-religious intolerance, but also because of a lack of detailed information and primary sources; comparison of three of her most famous istiqbál poems.
Mirrored with CC permission from brill.com/view/journals/haww. Full volume: Hawwa, Volume 21 (2023): Issue 4 (Dec 2023): Special Issue: “From the Seed of Love We Sow”: Further Research on Tahirih Qurrat al-'Ayn, edited by Omid Ghaemmaghami and Sasha Dehghani.
Keywords: Adam and Eve; Arabic language; Creation; Equality; Fatimah (daughter of Muhammad); Gender; Hafez (poet); Heart; Heaven and hell; Iran (documents); Literature, Persian; Love; Lover and the Beloved; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Pen; Persian language; Poetry; Return; Rumi (Mevlana); Self-annihilation (fana); Sufism; Tahirih (Qurratu'l-'Ayn, Zarrín-Táj); Trinity; Wine (metaphor); Women

Lotus in Concrete - Naharoy,S.; Sahba,Fariborz; Monteiro,John B.; et al. (ECC Concord, 2011)
A special-edition journal with photos of the temple in India, with essays "Bahá'í House of Worship," "Taj Mahal of the 20th Century," "Design and Construction," "Lotus and Other Design Highlights," "Shaping a Dream in Concrete."
Mirrored from lntecc.com.
Keywords: Architecture; Fariborz Sahba; India; Lotus temple, New Delhi; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Delhi