World Canada | |||
date | event | tags | firsts |
1869 25 Dec 186- |
A mob attacked the Bahá'ís in Fárán, Khurásán, Iran, and two were severely beaten. [BW18:383] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Mobs; - Persecution; Faran, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran | |
1869 17 Nov 186- |
The Suez Canal was opened to navigation. At this time the canal was164km (102 miles) long and 8 metres (26 feet) deep, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide at the surface. Consequently, fewer than 500 ships navigated it in its first full year of operation. Major improvements began in 1876 and by 1887 night navigation was allowed, a measure that doubled its capacity.
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Suez Canal; Unity; Teaching; Port Said, Egypt; Egypt | |
1869 Jul 186- |
Badí` delivered the Tablet of Bahá'u'lláh to the Sháh. He was tortured and executed. [BBRXXXIX; BKG300; BW18:383; RB3:184–6]
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Badi (Mírzá Aqa Buzurg-i-Nishapuri); - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Shahs; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Tablets to kings and rulers; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Iran | |
1869 12 May 186- |
Birth of Clara Davis Dunn, Hand of the Cause, in London. | Clara Dunn; * Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; London, England; United Kingdom | |
1869 1 May 186- |
Nabíl met Bahá'u'lláh. [RB3:57] | Nabil-i-Azam; Akka, Israel | |
1869 Feb 186- |
Nabíl made a second attempt to enter `Akká. He was able to remain for 81 days and met Mírzá Áqá Ján and others but did not see Bahá'u'lláh. [BKG291; RB3:57]
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Nabil-i-Azam; Akka, Israel | |
1869 (In the year) 186- |
The Tablet of Fu'ád, was revealed in 1869, soon after the premature death in Nice, France, of Fu'ád Pasha, the foreign minister of the Sultan and a faithful accomplice of the Prime Minister in bringing about the exile of Bahá'u'lláh to 'Akká. It was revealed in honour of one of Bahá'u'lláh's most devoted apostles, Shaykh Káẓim-i-Samandar (father of the late Hand of the Cause of God Ṭaráẓu'lláh Samandarí). The Tablet contains a clear prediction of the downfall of 'Álí Páshá and of the Sultan himself. [Three Momentous Years in The Bahá'í World] | Tablet of Fuad; Fuad Páshá; Shaykh Kazim-i-Samandari; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1869 (In the year) 186- |
The 17-year-old Áqá Buzurg-i-Níshápúrí, Badí`, arrived in `Akká having walked from Mosul. He was able to enter the city unsuspected. [BKG297; RB3:178]
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Badi (Mírzá Aqa Buzurg-i-Nishapuri); Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Youth; Akka, Israel; Mosul, Iraq; Iraq; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1869 (In the year) 186- |
Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem but failed to enquire after Bahá'u'lláh. [KAN116] | Franz Josef; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tablets to kings and rulers; Jerusalem, Israel; Israel; Hungary | |
1869 Early in the year 186- |
Hájí Amín-i-Iláhí arrived in `Akká from Iran and was the first pilgrim to see Bahá'u'lláh. [DH33]
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Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); Public baths (bathhouses); Pilgrims; First pilgrims; Akka, Israel | First pilgrim to see Bahá'u'lláh in `Akká |
1869 – 1872 186- |
A great famine occurred in Iran in which about 10 per cent of the population died and a further 10 per cent emigrated. [BBRSM86; GPB233] | Iran, General history; Famine; History (general); Iran | |
1868 end Oct 186- |
Nabíl entered `Akká in disguise but was recognized and after three days was expelled from the city. [BKG290–1; GPB188; RB3:57]
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Nabil-i-Azam; Akka, Israel | |
1868 30 Oct 186- |
Christoph Hoffman, founder of the Templers, and Georg David Hardegg, his principal lieutenant, landed in Haifa to gather the Children of God in Jerusalem in preparation for the Second Coming of Christ. Hardegg remained in Haifa to head the Tempelgesellschaft while Hoffman went to Jaffa in 1869 to found a school and a hospital there. [BBD224; BBR204, 2, 15–16; DH133, SBBH1p215-218]
The Templers flourished in Palestine for nearly 80 years; they even survived the British occupation during World War I when many Templers were deported and interned in Egypt. Palestine was a British Mandated Territory from 1923 until 1948. Great Britain's entry into World War II signalled the end for the Templers in Palestine. The settlements of Wilhelma, Sarona, Betlehem and Waldheim were turned into internment camps, housing close to 2,000 people. In 1941, a large number of Templers (536) was deported to Australia along with 129 other German nationals. The last remaining Templers were expelled in 1948 when the State of Israel was established. [TSA website] |
Christoph Hoffman; Georg David Hardegg; Templer Society (German Templer colony); * Bahaullah (chronology); Lawh-i-Hirtik (Tablet to Hardegg); Interfaith dialogue; - Christianity; Prophecies; History (general); Haifa, Israel; Jaffa, Israel; Israel; Palestine | |
1868 c. Oct 186- |
Nabíl was released from prison in Egypt and departed for `Akká. [BKG290–1; RB3:57]
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Nabil-i-Azam; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Akka, Israel; Cyprus | |
1868 (End of summer) 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Ra'ís (Tablet to the Chief) to Alí Páshá to condemn him for his cruelty and inhuman treatment of His followers. [Lawh-i-Raís: Tablet Study Outline]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Tablet to the Chief; Akka, Israel | |
1868 5 Sep 186- |
The ship that had delivered the exiles to 'Akká carried on and Mírzá Yahyá arrived in Cyprus with his entire family but without a single disciple or even a servant. [BBR306]
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Mishkin-Qalam; Mírzá Aliy-i-Sayyah-i-Maraghihi (Mulla Adi-Guzal); Aqa `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Exile (banishment); Cyprus exiles; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Islands; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Famagusta, Cyprus; Cyprus | the first island in the Mediterranean to receive the Faith. |
1868 3 Sep 186- |
The firmán of the Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz condemning Bahá'u'lláh to life imprisonment was read out in the Mosque of Al-Jazzár. [BKG284–5; GPB186; RB3:18]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Firmans; Mosque of Al-Jazzar; Akka, Israel; Israel; Citadel (Akká barracks) | |
1868 (After summer) 186- |
The second Lawh-i-Salmán was revealed in Akka sometime shortly after the summer 1868, so known because in the Tablet Bahá'u'lláh mentions the exile of the believers from Baghdad to Mosul, which occurred in that summer. It was revealed for Shaykh Khánjar Hindiyani, named Shaykh Salmán by Bahá'u'lláh in honour of the loyal disciple of Muhammad whom that Prophet re-named as "Salmán.
Parts of this Tablet has been translated in Gleanings XXI, CXLVIII, and CLIV, and one paragraph was translated in Promised Day is Come 115-16. [RoB2p281-290; Uplifting Words; Wilmette Institute notes on the Tablets of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh ] |
Shaykh Salman; Lawh-i-Salman II; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1868 31 Aug 186- |
The ship arrived in Haifa in the early morning. [BKG269; GPB182; RB3:11]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mishkin-Qalam; Aqa `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Mírzá Jafar; Citadel (Akká barracks); Prophecies; Cyprus exiles; Exile (banishment); Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; * Bahá'í World Centre; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Haifa, Israel; Famagusta, Cyprus; Akka, Israel; Israel; Cyprus | First night in citadel in `Akká |
1868 30 Aug 186- |
The ship arrived at Jaffa at sunset. At midnight the ship left for Haifa. [BKG168] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Jaffa, Israel; Haifa, Israel; Israel | |
1868 29 Aug 186- |
In the morning the ship arrived in Port Said. At nightfall it traveled on to Jaffa. [BKG268] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Port Said, Egypt; Jaffa, Israel; Israel | |
1868 26 - 27 Aug 186- |
The steamer carrying Bahá'u'lláh and His companions docked at Alexandria, early in the morning. [BKG267-2368; RB3:6]
The second is titled Baha'u'llah's Welcome to the First Christian Baha'i. The third - The First Christian Baha'i, and His Letter to Baha'u'llah. The fourth - Baha'u'llah Replies to the First Christian Baha'i—and to All Christians. And the fifth and final instalment - Baha'u'llah's Most Holy Tablet—to the Christians. |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Nabil-i-Azam; Gifts; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Faris Effendi; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Alexandria, Egypt; Egypt | The First Christian to Become a Baha’i |
1868 23 Aug 186- |
The steamer left Smyrna at night for Alexandria, which she reached on the morning two days later. [BKG265] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Smyrna, Turkey; Turkey; Alexandria, Egypt; Egypt | |
1863 - 1868 186- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1863-1868 compiled by Jonah Winters.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey | |
1868 22 Aug 186- |
Soon after sunrise the ship arrived at Smyrna. [BKG264]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mírzá Aqay-i-Kashani; Smyrna, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 21 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions left Gallipoli on an Austrian-Lloyd steamer. [BKG263; GPB182; RB2:411]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Mishkin-Qalam; Mírzá Aliy-i-Sayyah-i-Maraghihi (Mulla Adi-Guzal); Aqa `Abdu'l-Ghaffar; Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Exile (banishment); Cyprus exiles; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Austrian Lloyd steam ships; Ships; Gallipoli, Turkey; Smyrna, Turkey; Famagusta, Cyprus; Turkey; Cyprus | |
1868 16 Aug 186- |
They arrived in Gallipoli on the fifth day. [BKG260]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Gallipoli, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 15 Aug 186- |
The Bahá'ís imprisoned in Constantinople arrived in Gallipoli to be exiled with Bahá'u'lláh's party. [BKG260] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Gallipoli, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 12 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh, His family and companions, escorted by a Turkish captain and a number of soldiers, set out for Gallipoli. The tablet, Súriy-i-Ra'is (The Epistle to the Chief) was revealed in Arabic in honour of Ḥájí Muḥammad Ismá'íl-i-Káshání, entitled Dhabíḥ (Sacrifice) and Anís (Companion) by Bahá'u'lláh, and addresses 'Álí Páshá, the Ottoman Prime Minister, referred to here as Ra'ís (Chief or Ruler). [BKG260; GPB180; RB2:409-417; BBS141; SLH141-149]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Suriy-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); `Alí Páshá; Edirne, Turkey; Káshánih, Turkey; Gallipoli, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 Aug 186- |
Mullá Muhammad-Ridá, Ridá'r-Rúh was poisoned in Yazd. [BW18:383] | Mulla Muhammad-Rida (Ridar-Ruh); Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1868 Aug 186- |
One morning without warning Bahá'u'lláh's house was surrounded by soldiers. The inhabitants were rounded up and taken to government headquarters. They were told to make ready for their departure for Gallipoli. [BKG255; GPB179; RB2:403]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 26 Jul 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh's banishment to 'Akká
Sultán `Abdu'l-`Azíz, at the instigation of his Prime Minister, Ali Pasha, issued a firmán condemning Bahá'u'lláh to perpetual banishment. [BKG283–4; GPB179, 186; RB2:401–2] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Khurshid Páshá; Firmans; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Exile (banishment); Edirne, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Gallipoli, Turkey; Akka, Israel; Citadel (Akká barracks) | |
1868 c. 21 Jul 186- |
Mírzá Abu'l-Qásim-i-Shírází was arrested in Egypt and money extorted from him. [BBR257–8; BKG243; GPB178] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Egypt | |
1868 c. Jul 186- |
Principal Bahá'ís in Baghdád were arrested by the Turkish authorities and exiled to Mosul and other places. [BBR265; BKG247; CH129–30; RB2:333]
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Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; Charity and relief work; Funds; Firsts, other; Persecution, Iraq; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Baghdad, Iraq; Mosul, Iraq; Iraq | First charity fund |
1868 c. 7 Jun 186- |
Nabíl had a dream in which Bahá'u'lláh appeared to him in his cell and assured him that he will have reason to rejoice within the next 81 days. [BKG267] | Nabil-i-Azam; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | |
1868 c. May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh sent Nabíl-i-A`zam Zarandi to Cairo to enquire after Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí. He was instructed by Bahá'u'lláh to appeal to the officials for the release of several Bahá'ís who had been imprisoned in Cairo at the instigation of their enemies. He was thrown into prison in Cairo for two months and then in the Alexandria jail for a few more months. While there he befriended a Christian cellmate, Fáris Effendi, who soon becomes a Bahá'í. [BKG248, 265–8; EB268; GPB178; "Nabil-e aʿzam Zarandi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica]
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Nabil-i-Azam; Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Faris Effendi; Imprisonments; First believers by background; - Christianity; Conversion; Interfaith dialogue; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt | First Christian to become a Bahá'í |
1868 Apr 186- |
Seven Bahá'ís in Constantinople were arrested and interrogated by a commission of inquiry whose mandate it was to verify the claims of Bahá'u'lláh and Mírzá Yahyá. [BKG250–2; GPB179; MF99–100 RB2:3289]
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Mishkin-Qalam; - Calligraphy; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Persecution, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1868 (In the year) 186- |
Hájí Mullá `Alí-i-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí (later Hand of the Cause Hájí Ákhúnd) was imprisoned in Tihrán as a Bahá'í on the order of Mullá `Alí Kání. This is the first of many imprisonments. [EB266]
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Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Mulla Ali Kani; * Hands of the Cause; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1868 – 1870 186- |
During this period Bahá'u'lláh revealed a number of Tablets to rulers including the Lawh-i-Ra'ís to `Alí Páshá, His second Tablet to Napoleon III and Tablets to Czar Alexander II, Queen Victoria and Pope Pius IX. [BBD13]
...some of the most celebrated passages of that Book (Kitáb-i-Aqdas) to the Chief Magistrates of the entire American continent, bidding them "bind with the hands of justice the broken," and "crush the oppressor" with the "rod of the commandments" of their Lord. Unlike the kings of the earth whom He had so boldly condemned in that same Book, unlike the European Sovereigns whom He had either rebuked, warned or denounced, such as the French Emperor, the most powerful monarch of his time, the Conqueror of that monarch, the Heir of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Caliph of Islám, the Rulers of America were not only spared the ominous and emphatic warnings which He uttered against the crowned heads of the world, but were called upon to bring their corrective and healing influence to bear upon the injustices perpetrated by the tyrannical and the ungodly.[MA91] |
`Alí Páshá; Napoleon III; Pope Pius IX; - Popes; - Christianity; Queen Victoria; Tsar Alexander II; Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Lawh-i-Napulyun (Tablet to Napoleon III); Lawh-i-Pap (Tablet to Pope Pius IX); Lawh-i-Malikih (Tablet to Queen Victoria); Lawh-i-Malik-i-Rus (Tablet to Alexander II); President Grant; Lawh-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Tablets to kings and rulers; Summons of the Lord of Hosts (book); * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Haykal and daira; Akka, Israel | |
1867 Between March 1866 and August 1868 186- |
The Súratu'l-Haykal (Epistle of the Temple) was revealed during the years in Adrianople, and re-cast later in 'Akká in which messages addressed to individual potentates, Pope Pius IX, Napoleon III, Czar Alexander II, Queen Victoria and Násiri'd-Dín Sháh were incorporated. It was not written for a particular individual; when asked about the matter Bahá'u'lláh said that he himself was both the addresser and addressee.
"Ranked as 'one of Bahá'u'lláh's most challenging works', The Surih of the Temple was composed... during the turbulent period which saw the formation of a schism within the rank and file of the Bábí community,. This eloquent and incisive Arabic epistle combines a mystical and proclamatory style to enunciate Bahá'u'lláh's Mission to those among the Báb's followers who had failed to recognize His Revelation. " [BBS132] [Tablet of the Temple (Suratu'l-Haykal) by John Balbridge]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Suriy-i-Haykal (Surih of the Temple); Edirne, Turkey; Akka, Israel | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Súriy-Mulúk (Súrih of Kings). [BKG245; GPB171–2; RB2:301-336; BW19p584]
Chronological list of significant events related to Bahá'u'lláh's historic pronouncement in the Súriy-i-Múlúk
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Suriy-i-Muluk (Surih to the Kings); Tablets to kings and rulers; History (general); Summons of the Lord of Hosts (book); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Nabíl-i-A'zam was dispatched to Iraq and Iran to inform the Bábís of the advent of Bahá'u'lláh. He was further instructed to perform the rites of pilgrimage on Bahá'u'lláh's behalf in the House of the Báb and the Most Great House in Baghdad. [BKG250; EB224; GPB176–7]
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Nabil-i-Azam; Pilgrims; Pilgrimage; First pilgrims; Khadijih Khanum; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Shíráz, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | The first pilgrimage to the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
In this period the extent of the Faith was enlarged with expansion in the Caucasus, the establishment of the first Egyptian centre and the establishment of the Faith in Syria. [GPB176]
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Nabil-i-Azam; People of the Bayan; People of Bahá; Allah-u-Abha; Greatest Name; Most Great Separation; Caucasus; Egypt; Syria; Khurásán, Iran; Iran; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Persecutions began anew in Ádharbáyján, Zanján, Níshápúr and Tihrán. [GPB178] | Persecution, Adharbayjan; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Azerbaijan; Zanjan, Iran; Nishapur, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1867 Sep 186- |
Thinking that He will not accept, Mírzá Yahyá, prodded on by Mír Muhammad, challenged Bahá'u'lláh to a public confrontation in the mosque of Sultán Salím. In the end, it was Mírzá Yahyá who did not appear. [BKG239–41; GPB168–9; RB2:291–300, SDH22]
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Mir Muhammad; * Bahaullah (chronology); Mosques; Bahá'u'lláh, Challenges (confrontations); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Badí', the Munájátháy-i-Síyám (Prayers for Fasting), the first Tablet to Napoleon III, the Lawh-i-Sultán written to Násiri'd-Dín Sháh, and the Súriy-i-Ra'ís. [BKG245; GBP172]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Tablets to kings and rulers; Kitáb-i-Badi (Wondrous Book); Munajathay-i-Siyam (Prayers for Fasting); Prayer; Lawh-i-Napulyun (Tablet to Napoleon III); Napoleon III; Lawh-i-Sultan (Tablet to Nasirid-Din Shah); Nasirid-Din Sháh; Suriy-i-Rais (Tablet to Sultan Ali Pasha); `Alí Páshá; Suriy-i-Ghusn (Tablet of the Branch); * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shaykh Salman; Lawh-i-Salman I; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | First time Bahá'u'lláh directs His words collectively to entire company of monarchs of East and West; first Egyptian centre established; first pilgrimages to residence of Bahá'u'lláh |
1867 Sep 186- |
"The Most Great Idol" was cast out of the community. Mírzá Yahyá's henceman, Siyyíd Muhammad, convinced Yahyá to challenge Bahá'u'lláh to to face-to-face encounter in the mosque of Sultán Salím in a distant part of the city, believing that Bahá'u'lláh would not show. Bahá'u'lláh immediately set out to walk to the appointed mosque. Upon learning this Mírzá Yahyá postponed the interview for a day or two. Bahá'u'llah returned to His home and revealed a Tablet to be delivered to Siyyíd Muhammad when he produced a sealed note stating that should Mírzá Yahyá fail to appear at the trysting-place, he would produce a document refuting Yahyá's claims. Neither were forthcoming and the Tablet to Siyyid Muhammad remained undelivered. Prior to this the community had been divided however this incident firmly established His ascendency. The Covenant of the Báb had prevailed [GPB168-170] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Siyyid Muhammad; Covenant-breaking; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Sep - Aug 1868 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh addressed a Tablet to to Mullá-'Alí Akbar-i-Sháhmírzádí and Jamál-i-Burújirdí in Tehran to transfer the casket containing the remains of the Báb from the Imám-Zádih Ma'súm to a safer hiding place so they temporarily concealed it within a wall of the Masjid-i-Máshá'u'lláh outside of the gates of the city of Tehran. After the hiding place was detected the casket was smuggled into the city and deposited in the house of Mírzá Hasan-i-Vazír, a believer and son-in-law of Hájí Mírzá Siyyid 'Alíy-i-Tafríshí, the Majdu'l-Ashráf. [GPB177; ISC-1963p32] | Báb, Burial of; Báb, Remains of; Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Jamal-i-Burujirdi; Imam-Zadih Masum; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1867 c. Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh refused to draw the allowance granted Him by the Ottoman government. [RB2:327]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Ottoman government; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 c. Jun (or later) 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh rented the house of 'Izzat Áqá where He and His family lived until their departure from Adrianople. [BKG239; GPB168; ALM39]
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Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); House of Izzat Aqa; Houses; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Apr 186- |
The appeal by 53 Bahá'ís "in Baghdád" addressed to the United States Congress arrived at the American Consulate in Beirut. [BBR265, Petition from the Persian Reformers]
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Petitions; United States government; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Baghdad, Iraq; Shushtar, Iran | |
1867 c. Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh moved back to the now empty house of Amru'lláh. [GPB168]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; House of Amrullah; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1867 Jan or Feb 186- |
Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, a Bahá'í physician, was executed in Zanján. [BBR253; BKG238; BW18:383] Áqá Najaf-'Alíy-i-Zanjání, a disciple of Hujjat, was executed in Tihrán. [BBR254; BW18:383] |
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Zanjan, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1867 11 Jan 186- |
Three Bahá'ís were executed in Tabríz. Their arrest was precipitated by conflict and rivalry between the Azalís and the Bahá'ís. [BBR252–3; BKG237–8; BW18:382–3; RB2:61]
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Azali Bábís; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1867 (In the year) 186- |
Birth of Mírzá Badí'u'lláh, fourth son of Bahá'u'lláh and Mahd-i'Ulyá in Adrianople. [BKG247] | Mírzá Badiullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 1 Dec 186- |
Birth of Marion Jack, prominent Bahá'í travel teacher, pioneer and artist, known affectionately as 'General jack' for her services to the Bahá'í community, in Saint John, New Brunswick.
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Marion Jack; Births and deaths; Saint John, NB; New Brunswick, Canada; Canada | |
1866 Dec 186- |
About a hundred Bahá'ís were arrested in Tabríz following a disturbance in which a Bábí is killed. [BBR251–3; BW18:382] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Tabríz, Iran; Iran | |
1866 14 Nov 186- |
The 'star-fall' of 1866. [RB2:270, 422–6]
The Rev. Robert Main, the Radcliffe Observer at Oxford, gave the following account of the meteorological phenomenon of Tuesday night last: -- '...This great display began about 13h. (or 1 o'clock in the morning), and reached its maximum at about 13h.24m., after which time it gradually began to slacken. The watch, however, was kept up till 18h., though after 15h., there were not many meteors seen. In all there were observed not fewer than 3,000 during the night, of which about 2,000 fell between 13h. and 14h., or between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. As to the general appearance of the meteors, it was noticed that the majority of them were of a whitish or yellowish colour. Some, however, were reddish or orange-coloured, and one meteor was noticed to be bluish. The brightest left generally a train behind them, which was to be seen for a few seconds after the meteor disappeared.' (Adapted from 'The Revelation of Baha'u'llah', by Adib Taherzadeh, vol. 2) |
Falling stars; Signs; Prophecies; Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhib (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf); Bible; - Christianity | |
1866 - 1867 186- |
Lawh-i Nasir (The Tablet to Nasir). This Arabic and Persian scriptural Tablet was written around 1866-7 after the Azali-Baha'i `Most Great Separation'. It is a reply to a question of Hajji Muhammad Nasir Qazvini (d. Rasht, 1300/1883) about the position of Mirza Yahya Nuri who had challenged the claimed theophanic claims of Bahá'u'lláh. Therein Bahá'u'lláh maintains that "The origins [genesis] of this [Babi-Baha'i] Cause were concealed from all. No one was adequately aware thereof save two souls; one of these two being named Ahmad who suffered the martyrdom in the path of his Lord and returned unto the ultimate abode, while the other was he who was named [Mirza Musa Nuri] al-Kalim "the Speaker" ("He who [like Moses] conversed", with God) who at this moment can be found in our presence" (Majmu`a-yi Alwah-i Mubaraka, 174)". The largely Persian text of the Lawh-i Nasir can be found in MAM (Cairo : 1333/1920. Rep. 1978: 166-202). [UofCal MERCED] | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Tablet to Nasir; Lawh-i Nasir; Edirne, Turkey | |
1866 10 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family withdrew from the house of Amru'lláh, the residence shared with the exiles, and went to the house of Ridá Big. [BKG230; GPB167; RB2:162]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; House of Amrullah; Rida Big; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Most Great Separation; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 c. Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Bahá in honour of Khátún Ján, a believer and close friend of Táhirih. [RB2:171, 179]
|
Lawh-i-Bahá; Khatun Jan; Rida Big; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | first Tablet in which Bahá'u'lláh uses the term ‘people of Bahá' to refer to His followers |
1866 Mar 186- |
Khurshíd Páshá took up the governorship of Adrianople. [BBR487; BKG233] | Khurshid Páshá; - Governors; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 c. Mar 186- |
The Most Great Separation
Mírzá Yáhyá's behaviour could no longer be tolerated or concealed. Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Súriy-i-Amr (Súrih of Command) as a direct order to him. [CH60, 83, CB84; GBP166; BKG223-245]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Suriy-i-Amr (Surih of Command); Tablet of the Nightingale and the Owl; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Most Great Separation; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1866 22 Feb 186- |
Nabil Zarandi received a letter from Bahá'u'lláh giving him permission to proclaim the new religion openly and to reveal what he had witnessed in Baghdad of the actions of Azal and Siyyid Muhammad Isfahani. Prior to this time he had been asked to conceal this information. Almost all of the Bábís in Tehran became Bahá'ís upon hearing this news. [BCI1p14]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Nabil-i-Azam; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Siyyid Muhammad-i-Isfahani; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1865 - 1866 186- |
Prior to and during the crisis that was to follow, Bahá'u'lláh began revealing Tablets at a prodigious rate. From about this time until approximately June, 1867 when He transferred His residence to the house of 'Izzat Áqá, Bahá'u'lláh had revealed the following Tablets among numerous others:
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Suriy-i-Amr (Surih of Command); Lawh-i-Nuqtih (Tablet of the Point); Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Arabic)); Suriy-i-Ashab (Surah of the Companions); Lawh-i-Sayyah (Tablet of the Traveller); Suriy-i-Damm (Tablet of Blood); Suriy-i-Hajj; Lawhur-Ruh (Tablet of the Spirit); Lawh-i-Ridvan (Tablet of Ridvan); Lawhut-Tuqa (Tablet of Piety or the Fear of God); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1865 Nov 186- |
Nabil Zarandi arrived in Tehran where he remained for four months. At that time the proclamation of Baha'u'llah was not common knowledge although some had been commissioned to slowly reveal to the Babis of Tehran the extent of Azal's opposition to Baha'u'llah. [BCI1p14] | Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1865 May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Law-i-Laylatu'l-Quds in honour of Darvish Sidq-'Alí*. In this Tablet He exhorts His followers to be united in such wise that all traces of division and estrangement may vanish from among them. [* MoF36-8; BKG482] [RoB2p188]
|
Law-i-Laylatul-Quds; Tablet of the Sacred Night; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Edirne, Turkey | |
1865 17 May 186- |
The first international standards organization, the International Telegraph Union, was established in Paris where delegates were gathered in conference from 20 European states. The mandate was to help connect telegraphic networks between countries. The Union was tasked with implementing basic principles for international telegraphy which included the use of the Morse code as the international telegraph alphabet, the protection of the secrecy of correspondence, and the right of everybody to use the international telegraphy.
In 1906 Berlin was the host of a conference to consider radiotelegraph standards. It was attended by representatives of 29 nations and culminated in the International Radiotelegraph Convention. An annex to the convention eventually became known as ITU Radio Regulations. At the conference it was also decided that the Bureau of the International Telegraph Union would also act as the conference's central administrator. The name International Telecommunication Union was adopted in 1932 to reflect its expanded responsibilities over radio and the telephone. On 15 November 1947, the ITU entered into an agreement with the newly created United Nations to become a specialized agency within the UN system. The mandate of the ITU has broadened with the advent of new communications technologies. It promotes the shared global use of the radio spectrum, facilitates international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, assists in developing and coordinating worldwide technical standards, and works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world. It is also active in the areas of broadband Internet, optical communications (including optical fibre technologies), wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio astronomy, satellite-based meteorology, TV broadcasting, amateur radio, and next-generation networks. Based in Geneva, Switzerland with regional offices on every continent. the ITU's global membership included 193 countries as well as more than 1,000 businesses, academic institutions, and international and regional organizations. [ITU Website] |
United Nations; International relations; International Standards; Geneva, Switzerland; Switzerland; Paris, France; France; Berlin, Germany; Germany | |
1865 Mar 186- |
Death of former Prime Minister Mírzá Áqá Khán, in Qum. He was buried at Karbalá. [BBR165] | - Prime Ministers; Mírzá Aqa Khan; Qom, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1865 (In the year) 186- |
Mírzá Kazem-Beg of St Petersburg University published Bab Babidy, the first Western book written entirely on the subject of the Bábí religion. [BBR26] (Conflict: see 1905.) | Bábísm; Mírzá Kazem-Beg; - First publications; St. Petersburg, Russia; Russia | First Western book written entirely on the subject of the Bábí religion |
c. 1865 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Arabic Tablet of Ahmad (Lawh-i-Ahmad) for Ahmad, a believer from Yazd. [RB2:107]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Arabic)); Ahmad of Yazd; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey; Yazd, Iran; Iran | |
1865 (In the year) 186- |
French diplomat Joseph Comte de Gobineau published Religions et les Philosophies dans l'Asie Centrale, over half of which is devoted to a study of the Bábí movement. He relied heavily on the Násikhu't-Taváríkh (The History to Abrogate All Previous Histories) written by Lisánu'l-Mulk. Bahá'u'lláh had condemned this account as "a falsification of history, one which even an infidel would not have had the effrontery to produce". [SUR36-37]
|
Comte de Gobineau; Bábísm; E. G. Browne; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Matthew Arnold; France; Iran | |
1861 / 1865 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Persian Tablet of Ahmad (Lawh-i-Ahmad-i-Fársi) sometime between 1864 and 1865 for Haji Mirza Ahmad-i-Kashani, "a self-professed devotee of His whose scandalous acts and insincere behaviour had outraged other members of Bahá'u'lláh's retinue. In this relatively long letter Bahá'u'lláh admonishes Mirza Ahmad and others like him to cast off their waywardness and direct themselves to the path of piety and righteousness." [BB.S118]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Ahmad (Tablet of Ahmad (Persian)); Hájí Mírzá Ahmad-i-Kashani; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Dec 186- |
Mírzá Yahyá began his attempts on Bahá'u'lláh's life about one year after the arrival of the exiles. He invited Bahá'u'lláh to a feast and shared a dish, half of which was laced with poison. Bahá'u'lláh was ill for 21 days following this attempt and was left with a shaking hand for the rest of His life.
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Bahá'u'lláh, Attempts on; Poison; Ustad Muhammad-`Alí Salmáni; Doctor Shishman; Public baths (bathhouses); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 c. During the time in Adrianople 186- |
In their efforts to discredit Bahá'u'lláh and His companions, the followers of Azál made complaints to the authorities. They alleged that they had insufficient means of livelihood, blaming Bahá'u'lláh for depriving them of their share of the allowances. Àqá Ján Kajkuláh, instigated by Siyyid Muhammad, wrote to dignitaries and government representatives with the false accusation that Bahá'u'lláh had made an alliance with Bulgaria for the purpose of conquering Constantinople.
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Aqa Jan Kajkulah; Siyyid Muhammad-i-Isfahani; Antichrist; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Dec 186- |
Death of Governor Sulaymán Páshá of Adrianople. He was succeeded by 'Árif Páshá, who was not well-disposed to Bahá'u'lláh and His followers. [BBR487] | - Governors; Sulayman Pasha; Arif Páshá; * Bahaullah (chronology); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 c. 186- |
After years of imprisonment in Tehran, Àbdu'r '-Rasúl-Qumí visited Bahá'u'lláh in Adrianople then took up residence in Baghdad, caring for the garden of the House of Bahá'u'lláh. He was well-known to the Muslims and a target of their attacks. One morning as he was carrying skins of water from the Tigris River he was ambushed by a number of attackers and was mortally wounded. He managed to disperse the assailants, drag himself to the garden where he watered the flowers for the last time. His name was mentioned in many Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh, consoling his family. His son was appointed caretaker of the pilgrims in 'Akká and he served in this capacity until the days of Shoghi Effendi. [FAA8] |
House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Abdur-Rasul-Qumi; Gardeners; Caretakers; Murders; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey; Akka, Israel | |
1864 c. During time in Adrianople 186- |
At some point near the end of His life the Báb had consigned His remaining papers, His seal, His qalam-dán (pencil-box) and His last Tablets to Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Karím Qazvíní with instructions to deliver them to Mírzá Husayn-'Alí Núrí should something happen to Himself. In His last Tablets, Mírzá Husayn-'Alí Núrí was referred to again and again as "Him Whom God shall make Manifest" also, He was referred to as "Bahá'u'lláh". Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Karím Qazvíní fulfilled this trust and these items remained in the possession of Bahá'u'lláh until the days of Adrianople. When Mírzá Yáhyá asked permission to see these articles Bahá'u'lláh consented but they were never returned. Yahyá kept these items as a support of his claim to leadership asserting that the Báb had given them to him. [CH49] | * Báb, The (chronology); * Bahaullah (chronology); * Báb, Writings of; Mírzá `Abdu'l-Karim Qazvini; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Boxes containing Writings; Boxes; Relics; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 (between Jun and Oct) 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family moved to the house of Amru'lláh (The Cause of God) located to the north of the Mosque of Sultán Salím and close to it. They occupied the upper floor, Mírzá Muhammad-Qulí and his family the middle one and some of the attendants were housed on the ground floor. Other houses were found in the same quarter, one for Áqáy-i-Kalím and his family and one for Mírzá Yahyá and his. [BKG221, ALM35]
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House of Amrullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 15 Aug 186- |
Birth of Mírzá Díyá'u'lláh, the third son of Bahá'u'lláh and Mahdi-'Ulyá. [BKG222] | Mírzá Diyaullah; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Apr 186- |
Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir, 'the Wolf', ordered the arrest of several hundred Bábis and had them brought to Iṣfahán. Mirzá Habibu'lláh and Ustzád Husayn-'Ali-i-Khayyat were executed and a number of the prisoners were sent on to Ṭihrán where they languished in prison for several months before being set free. On their return to Iṣfahán, Haji Mullá Hasan and Hájí Muhammad-Sádiq were beaten and then executed in June. [BW18p382] | Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; The Wolf; Persecution, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | |
1864 Apr 186- |
Sulaymán Páshá, a Súfí, succeeded Muhammad Pásháy-i-Qibrisí as Governor of Adrianople. Both were admirers of Bahá'u'lláh. [CH59, BBR487; BKG254] | Sulayman Pasha; Sufism; Muhammad Pashay-i-Qibrisi; - Governors; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1864 Apr 186- |
Upheaval at Najafábád
|
Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; Wolf; Najafabad upheaval; - Upheavals; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1864 27 Mar 186- |
Birth of A. L. M. Nicolas (pen name of Louis Alphonse Daniel Nicolas), who later became an important European scholar on the life and teachings of the Báb, in Rasht. [BBR516] | A.L.M. Nicolas; Births and deaths; Rasht, Iran; Iran; - Europe | |
1864 Circa. 1864 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Suriy-i- 'Ibad (Tablet of the Servants) for Siyyid Mihdíy-i-Dahájí Ismu'lláh, who, at that time, was the custodian of the Most Great House in Baghdad.
In it the urges him to live a pious life, to cleanse his heart from the defilement of the world, and to become detached from his own self and all created things. Bahá'u'lláh extols His own Essence, and states that for many years He had revealed the Words of God in great profusion while hiding His glory behind many veils of concealment. When the appointed hour had struck, however, He unveiled His exalted station and shed an infinitesimal measure of the light of His countenance upon all created things. As a result of this outpouring, the Concourse on high and the chosen ones of God were awestruck and dumbfounded. [RoB2p274] |
Suriy-i-Ibad (Tablet of the Servants); Siyyid Mihdiy-i-Dahaji; Covenant-breaking; Edirne, Turkey; Caretakers | |
1864 (In the year) 186- |
Birth of Mírzá Hádí Shírází, the father of Shoghi Effendi, in Shíráz. | Mírzá Hadi Shirazi; Shoghi Effendi, Family of; Births and deaths; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1864 (or early in the sojourn in Edirne) 186- |
'Abdu'l-Bahá wrote the Sharh-i Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyan, the commentary on the well-known Islamic tradition 'I was a Hidden Treasure …' for 'Alí Shawkat Páshá.
As per a 1995 article prepared for The Bahá'í Encyclopedia, it was previously believed that 'Abdu'l-Bahá was 17 years old at the time of writing, if so, this would have dated the Tablet at about 1861. Given that this new evidence proves that it was written in Edirne, He would have been 19 years old but more probably in his early twenties. [Thanks to Necati Alkan for providing this correction and to Adib Masumian for doing the translation at his request.] iiiii |
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Sharh-i Kuntu Kanzan Makhfiyan (Commentary on the tradition of the Hidden Treasure); Commentaries; Hadith; - Islam; Hidden Treasure (Hadith); * Philosophy; `Alí Shawkat Páshá; * Bahaullah (chronology); * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Necati Alkan; Adib Masumian; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 c.22 Dec - 22 Jun or 22 Oct 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family spent about six to ten months in another house in the Murádíyyih quarter near the Takyiy-i-Mawlaví. Those who were still in the caravanserai moved to the house thus vacated. Next door to this house a place was rented for Áqáy Ridá, Mírzá Yahyá and their families. [BW19p584; BKG221]
During this time He revealed the following: |
Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863-1873 186- |
During this period Bahá'u'lláh made His proclamation to the kings and rulers.
Also during this period the decline and breakdown of the Ottoman Empire continued. It was often referred to as the "Sick Man of Europe." This decline was characterized by administrative inefficiency, territorial losses, and the rise of nationalist movements in many of its provinces.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Tablets to kings and rulers; Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Moldavia | |
1863 c. 12 - 21 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His family stayed for one week at a house in the Murádíyyih quarter of the city, in the north-eastern section near Takyiy-i-Mawlavi. The house was located on high ground with a good view of the city and close to the Muradiyyih mosque. The rest of the exiles remained at the inn. [BKG218] During this time He revealed:
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party spent three nights in the Khán-i-'Aráb caravanserai. [BKG218] | Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 12 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh in Adrianople
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions arrived in Adrianople (the "remote prison") ("The Land of Mystery") (GPB174). It would be here where the sun of His revelation would ascend to its zenith, where He proclaimed the Message of His revelation to the whole world. [BKG206; GPB161; RB2:62]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Firsts, other; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Land of Mystery; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey; - Europe | |
1863 1 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions left Constantinople for Adrianople. Carriages, wagons and pack animals were provided as well as ox-carts for their possessions. [BKG204; GPB161; RB2:427; ALM22]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Winter; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Exile (banishment); Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Dec 186- |
Prelude to the exile from Constantinople:
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-`Abdu'l-Aziz-Va-Vukala (Tablet to the Sultan); Mírzá Husayn Khan; Hájí Mírzá Hasan-i-Safa; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; - Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Sep 186- |
Because the Shamsi Big residence was too small Bahá'u'lláh and His family were moved to the house of Visi Pasha, situated near the mosque of Sultan Fatih Mehmet. They spend three months in this residence. [ALM21] | Visi Pasha; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Shamsi Big; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 16 Aug -16 Sep 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh was resident in the House of Shamsí Big near the mosque of Khirqiu-i-Sharifh. During this period He revealed:
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Naqus (Tablet of the Bell); Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Báb, Declaration of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Egypt | |
1863 c. Aug - Nov 186- |
Death of Sádhijíyyih, 18-month-old daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and Mahd-i-'Ulyá. Her body was buried in a plot of land outside the Ádirnih Gate of Constantinople. [BKG203] | Sadhijiyyih; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Edirne Gate; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 16 Aug - 1 Dec 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh in Constantinople
"spot that art situate on the shores of the two seas" [KA217] Upon arrival He and His family were driven to the residence of Shamsi Big near the Sharif Mosque. They stayed here about one month. His companions were given accommodation elsewhere in the city. [BKG197, 204; GPB157–61, HDBFXXVIII] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mathnaviyi-i Mubarak; Shamsi Big; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Lawh-i-`Abdu'l-Aziz-Va-Vukala (Tablet to the Sultan); - Grand Viziers; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Istanbul, Turkey; Edirne, Turkey; Turkey | first among the sovereigns to receive the Divine Summons. |
1863 16 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party arrived at Constantinople at noon. He was received with great honour by a government official appointed. At that time it was a city of about 100,000 inhabitants. [BKG197; GPB157; RB2:1]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | first time a Manifestation of God had set foot on the European continent. |
1863 13 Aug 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party departed from Sámsún by steamer for Istanbul. [BKG196; GPB157]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Ships; Samsun, Turkey; Sinope, Turkey; Anyabuli, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 9 May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh and His party left Firayját for Istanbul although at this point the destination was unknown to the exiles. [CH57, GPB156; SA235; BKG176-178]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Journeys; Caravans; Howdahs; Black Sea; Lawh-i-Hawdaj (Tablet of the Howdah); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Gawhar Khanum; Furughiyyih; Mírzá Mihdiy-i-Kashani; Lawh-i-Firayjat; Lawh-i-Firaq; Exile (banishment); Iraq; Turkey; Firayjat, Baghdad, Iraq; Samsun, Turkey; Istanbul, Turkey; Judaydih, Iraq; Dili-Abbas, Iraq; Qarih-Tapih, Iraq; Salahiyyih, Iraq; Dust-Khurmatu, Iraq; Tawuq, Iraq; Karkuk, Iraq; Irbil, Iraq; Bartallih, Iraq; Mosul, Iraq; Zakhu, Iraq; Jazirih, Iraq; Nisibin, Turkey; Hasan-Aqa, Turkey; Mardiin, Turkey; Diyar-Bakr, Turkey; Madan-Mis, Turkey; Kharput, Turkey; Madan-Nuqrih, Turkey; Dilik-Tash, Turkey; Sivas, Turkey; Tuqat, Turkey; Amasia, Turkey; Ilahiyyih, Turkey | |
1863 3 May 186- |
When Bahá'u'lláh left Baghdad for Constantinople, He bade Siyyid Mihdíy-i-Dahájí Ismu'lláh move into His house and become its caretaker. [RoB2p273-274]
|
Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Caretakers; Siyyid Mihdiy-i-Dahaji | |
1863 3 May 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh left the Garden of Ridván.
Bahá'u'lláh and His party arrived at Firayját, about three miles away on the banks of the Tigris. [BKG176] |
Ridván Festival; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Ridván Festival; Aqa Mírzá Aqay-i-Afnan (Nurud-Din); Afnan; Horses; Donkeys; Taj; Tigris River; Rivers; Ridván garden; Najibiyyih Garden; Holy days; Baghdad, Iraq; Firayjat, Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Shíráz, Iran; Iran | |
1863 30 Apr 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh's family joined Him in the Garden. [BKG175; RB1:281; SA235]
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Ridván Festival; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Ridván Festival; Najibiyyih Garden; Holy days; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 Apr 186- |
Mírzá Yahyá fled Baghdád, travelling to Mosul in disguise. [BKG158; RB252–5]
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Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Baghdad, Iraq; Mosul, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey; Iran | |
1863 22 Apr 186- |
Thirty–one days after Naw-Rúz, which in this year fell on 22 March, Bahá'u'lláh left His house for the last time and walked to the Najíbíyyih Garden, afterward known as the Garden of Ridván (Paradise). This garden was on an island in the Tigris River and belonged to the governor of Baghdad, Najib Pásha. The river has since changed its course and the island is now a park on the north bank of the Tigris. [C3MT15]
During the 12 days in the Ridván Garden Bahá'u'lláh confided to 'Abdu'l-Bahá that He was 'Him Whom God shall make manifest'. [CH82] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Ridván Festival; Naw-Ruz; * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Ridván garden; Najibiyyih Garden; Ages and Epochs; Heroic age; Lawh-i-Ayyub; Hájí Muhammad-i-Taqiy-i-Nayrizi; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Firsts, other; Taj; Holy days; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | First time Bahá'u'lláh wears tall táj as symbol of His station; First Day of Ridván; first epoch of Heroic or Apostolic Age |
1863 22 Apr - 3 May 186- |
Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh in the Garden of Ridván. The garden was located in a large agricultural area immediately north of the walls of the city of Baghdad, about 450 metres (1,480 ft) from the city's northern Mu'azzam gate. Located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River in what is now the Bab al-Mu'azzam neighbourhood of Baghdad's Rusafa District, it was directly opposite the district in which Bahá'u'lláh lived during his stay in the city, on the river's western bank. [Wikipedia] Extract from a Tablet of Baha'u'llah-Khadimu'llah. (Edited provisional translation below)
[1] The first of them was that in this Manifestation the use of the sword in holy war is put aside. [2] Secondly, prior to the completion of a millennium any theophanological claim put forward by any person must be considered baseless. In this respect the year should be considered a complete year. [3] Thirdly, the True One, exalted be His Glory, at that time manifested all the Divine Names upon all things.
And the following choice verse was subsequently revealed but has been ordained to be of the same rank as the preceding three; namely, whatever personal designations are mentioned before the Face, whether living or dead, such have thereby attained the Presence of God by virtue of being mentioned by the King of Pre-Existence. [UCMERCED site] |
Ridván Festival; Bahá'u'lláh, Declaration of; Ridván garden; Najibiyyih Garden; Gardens; Holy days; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 (Prior to the Declaration) 186- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1853-1863 compiled by Jonah Winters.
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 Between 1857 - 1863 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed Lawh-i-Fitnih, "Tablet of the Test". The Tablet, as its title indicates, is about tests and trials which are associated with the Day of God. In it Bahá'u'lláh alludes to His own Revelation and states that through His advent the whole creation will be tried; no soul will be exempt. All those who are the embodiments of piety and wisdom, of knowledge and virtue, every accomplished man of learning, the servants of God and His sincere lovers, the angels that enjoy near access to God, the Concourse on high, every righteous man of discernment, every mature embodiment of wisdom, even the realities of the Prophets and Messengers of God -- all will be tested. [CoCp35]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Lawh-i-Fitnih (Tablet of the Test); * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 18 Apr 186- |
Birth of William Henry (Harry) Randall, Disciple of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, in Boston. | William Harry Randall; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Births and deaths; Boston, MA; Massachusetts, USA; United States (USA) | |
1863 27 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh met the deputy governor in a mosque opposite the Government House where the Farmán which had been sent by the Sultán was announced to Him and advised that He and His family were to be exiled to an unknown destination. Námiq Páshá, the governor of Baghdad, could not bring himself to meet Bahá'u'lláh and give Him this news in person. At first he summoned Him to the courthouse but when He refused to attend he asked Him to meet in the mosque. [CH81-82,BKG154–5; GPB147–8; RB1:229]
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* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; - Governors; Namiq Pasha; Ottoman citizenship; Ottoman government; Exile (banishment); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 26 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Tablet of the Holy Mariner on the fifth day of Naw-Rúz. The Tablet was revealed to the friends present and Nabil wrote that they understood it portended to a new period and greater tests. His further exile was being foretold. Immediately after it was chanted Bahá'u'lláh ordered the tents to be folded and everyone to return to the city. The party had not yet left when a messenger arrived from Námiq Páshá summoning Bahá'u'lláh to the governorate the next day to receive the announcement that he was to be transferred to Constantinople. [RB1:228-229; SA163-165, 234; BKG154; GPB147]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Lawh-i-Malláhu'l-Quds (Tablet of the Holy Mariner, Arabic); Naw-Ruz; Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Namiq Pasha; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Mazraiy-i-Vashshash, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1863 Mar 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh celebrated the two-week festival of Naw-Rúz at the Mazra'iy-i-Vashshásh, a farm along the river Tigris, not far from His house in Baghdád. [BKG154; GPB147; SA163] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Naw-Ruz; Rivers; Mazraiy-i-Vashshash, Iraq; Tigris River; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 c. Jan 1863 186- |
The governor of Baghdád, Námiq Páshá, received the first of 'five successive commands' from 'Alí Páshá, the Grand Vizier of Turkey, to transfer Bahá'u'lláh to Constantinople. This order was ignored by the governor, who was sympathetic to Bahá'u'lláh. In the next three months, four more orders were received and similarly ignored before the governor was compelled to comply. [BKG154; GPB131] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; - Governors; Namiq Pasha; - Grand Viziers; `Alí Páshá; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | First of ‘five successive commands' to transfer Bahá'u'lláh to Constantinople |
1863 (In the year) 186- |
The passing of Hájí Mubárak, the servant of the Báb. He was born in 1823 and died at the age of 40. He was buried in the grounds of the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq.
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Hájí Mubarak; In Memoriam; Bushihr, Iran; Iran; Karbala, Iraq; Iraq | |
1863 or earlier 186- |
Colonel Sir Arnold Burrowes Kemball, the British Consul-General in Baghdád, offered Bahá'u'lláh the protection of British citizenship and offered Him residence in India or anywhere of Bahá'u'lláh's choosing. [BBR183, 234; BBRSM65; GPB131]
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Arnold Burrowes Kemball; United Kingdom, History (general); * Bahaullah (chronology); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 22 Aug 186- |
Concessions by the Persian government in the Qajar period (1789-1925) included grants of political and extraterritorial rights to the Russian and British governments, as well as monopolies, contracts, and licenses to British and Russian citizens and companies to carry on specific economic activities on Persian territory. Please see Encyclopaedia Iranica for details of concessions to both the British and the Russians.
The following is an example of one such concession: The Telegraph Concession in Iran in 1862 was a significant agreement that allowed a British company to construct and operate a telegraph line in Persain territory. This concession played a crucial role in the development of telecommunication infrastructure and British influence in Iran during the 19th century. The concession was granted to a British entrepreneur named Charles Morrison by, Nasir al-Din Shah. The agreement gave Morrison the exclusive rights to build a telegraph line across Persia. This line was intended to connect the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea with branches extending to Tehran and other important cities. The British government supported Morrison in securing the concession as it served British interests in the region. It was not only a means of communication but also had strategic importance as it facilitated the transmission of information and news across the vast Iranian territory and contributed to British control over their interests. Construction began in 1864 and was completed in several stages over the following years. The concession allowed Morrison's company to operate for 70 years. The telegraph line facilitated communication between Persia and British India, which was also under British control at the time, and it played a role in the coordination of British interests in the region. |
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Iran, General history; Iran | |
1862 10 May 186- |
The Persian ambassador requested that the Ottomans move the Bahá'u'lláh farther from Persia. | * Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Banishment of; Exile (banishment); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1862 5 May 186- |
Mírzá Mihdíy-i-Káshaní was directed to remain in Baghdad to guard the Holy House. He remained until banished, along with the other Bahá'ís, to Mosul. [MoF96] | House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Caretakers; Mírzá Mihdiy-i-Kashani; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 c. Mar - Jun 186- |
Birth of Sádhijíyyih, second daughter of Bahá'u'lláh and His second wife, Mahd-i-'Ulyá (Fatimih). | Sadhijiyyih; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Births and deaths; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 - 1863 186- |
Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí and six other prominent Bahá'ís were arrested in Cairo for being Bahá'ís at the instigation of the corrupt Persian consul, Mírzá Husayn Khán. They were banished to Khartoum, where Haydar-`Alí spent the next 9 years in confinement. [BBR257; BKG250; GBP178, SDH32-66] | Hájí Mírzá Haydar-`Alí (Angel of Carmel); Persecution, Egypt; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Egypt | |
1862 – 1868 186- |
Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, a cousin of the Báb, lived in Shanghai during this period. This is the first record of a Bábí or Bahá'í living in China. [PH24]
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Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí Afnán; Hájí Mírzá Muhammad Husayn (Afnan); Afnan; Báb, Family of; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; China | First record of Bábí or Bahá'í living in China |
c. 1862 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh sent a ring and cashmere shawl to His niece, Shahr-Bánú, the daughter of Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan, in Tihrán to ask for her hand in marriage to 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Shahr-Bánú's uncle, acting in place of her dead father, refused to let her go to Iraq. [BKG342–3] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Rings; Shawls; Gifts; Shahr-Banu; Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1862 (Dates undetermined) 186- |
In order to regain ownership of the House of the Báb, Mírzá Áqá Nuri'd-Din convinced the residents of the fact that because of the recent earthquakes some parts of the House had been structurally damaged, making it unsuitable to live in. He agreed to purchase or lease another dwelling for them while he did repairs.
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Mírzá Áqa Nurid-Din; Báb, House of (Shiraz); Shíráz, Iran | |
1861 25 Jun 186- |
Death of Sultán 'Abdu'l-Majíd and accession of Sultán 'Abdu'l-'Azíz to the Ottoman throne. He ruled until 1876. [BBR485]
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Sultán `Abdu'l-Majid; Sultán `Abdu'l-Azíz; Ottoman Empire; Istanbul, Turkey; Turkey | |
1861 -1862 186- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Íqán (The Book of Certitude), 'a comprehensive exposition of the nature and purpose of religion'. In the early days this Tablet was referred to as the Risáliy-i-Khál (Epistle of the Uncle). [BBD134, 162; BKG159; BBD134; BBRSM64–5; GPB138–9; RB1:158]
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); Hájí Mírzá Siyyid Muhammad; Báb, Family of; Báb, Uncles of; - Uncles; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; Interfaith dialogue; - Islam; Quran; - Christianity; Bible; Prophecies; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq; Tehran, Iran; Iran | First (probably) of Bahá'u'lláh's writings to appear in print |
1861 or 1862 186- |
Mullá Sádiq-i-Muqaddas-i-Khurásání (Ismu'láhu'l-Asdaq), a Bábí and father of Ibn Asdaq, met Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád and became a follower. Previously he had recognized the Báb through a dream and the memory of seeing Him in the congregation during a sermon he had delivered in a mosque in Karbila when a ray of light shone on the lap of the Báb as he sat listening attentively. [BKG18; PG108-109] | Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1860 Probably during the Baghdad period. 186- |
Of the Suratu'l-Bayan (The Epistle of Utterance) it is written: "This highly eloquent and challenging treatise highlights some key spiritual verities from am Bahá'u'lláh's teachings. Written entirely in the Arabic language, its timeless message is primarily addressed to the generality of His faithful followers. " [BBS124-131]
In this Tablet the Maiden appears as the personification of the spirit of God. The Maiden has emerged from her hidden chamber symbolizes the appearance of Bahá'u'lláh's revelation in the world, and her afflictions mirror that of Bahá'u'lláh's. In the Surah of the Bayan Bahá'u'lláh identifies with Himself a passage in the Qayyumu'l-Asma in which the Báb had referred to "the Maid of Heaven begotten by the Spirit of Baha" (SWB:54). |
Suratul-Bayan; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Epistle of Utterance; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1860 circa 1859/1860 186- |
The revelation of Javáhiru'l-Asrár, (meaning literally the "gems" or "essences" of mysteries) (in Arabic) by Bahá'u'lláh in reply to a question posed by Siyyid Yúsuf-i-Sihdihí Isfahání, who, at the time, was residing in Karbilá. One of the central themes of the treatise is the subject of "transformation", meaning the return of the Promised One in a different human guise. The second theme can be said to be mystical in nature. It has many similarities to The Seven Valleys. Bahá'u'lláh described the seven valleys, but the names and orders of valleys are slightly different from those found in the book of The Seven Valleys [GDMii]
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Javahirul-Asrar (Gems of Divine Mysteries); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Siyyid Yusuf-i-Sihdihi Isfahani; Haft Vadi (Seven Valleys); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1860 (In the year) 186- |
Birth of Shaykh Muhammad-'Alíy-i-Qá'iní, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, in Naw Firist, near Bírjand. [EB273]
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Shaykh Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Qá'iní; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Births and deaths; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl; Naw-Firist, Iran; Bírjand, Iran; Iran; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | |
c. 1860 186- |
Mírzá Mihdí, the son of Bahá'u'lláh, was taken from Tihrán to join his family in Baghdád. He was about 12 years old. [RB3:205]
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Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Mahd-i-Ulya (Fatimih Khanum); Tehran, Iran; Iran; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq |
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