World Canada | |||
date | event | tags | firsts |
1899 3 Dec
189- |
Charles Mason Remey became a Bahá'í in Paris through May Bolles. [BFA2:151–2] | Charles Mason Remey; France; May Maxwell (Bolles); Paris, France | |
1899 19 Nov
189- |
Birth of Yan Kee Leong, the first believer in Malaya, in Selangor, Malaysia. | - Births and deaths; British Malaya; Malaysia; Selangor, Malaysia; Yan Kee Leong | First believer in Malaya |
1899 (Fall)
189- |
Edward Getsinger appointed five men as a "Board of Counsel" for the Baha'is of northern New Jersey. Isabella Brittingham was made the honorary corresponding secretary, but was not a member of the body. [The Service of Women on the Institutions of the Baha'i Faith] | Board of Council; Edward Getsinger; New Jersey, USA; United States (USA) | |
1899 Oct - Nov
189- |
Stoyan Vatralsky, a Harvard educated, Bulgarian Christian, attacked the Bahá'ís, `Truth-knowers', in a series of talks in a church in Kenosha, Wisconsin. [BFA1:XXIX, 114–15; SBBH2:111 SBBH1p232; SBBH1p232-238]
|
Kenosha, WI; Opposition; Statistics; United States (USA); Wisconsin, USA | |
1899 Summer
189- |
Ethel Jenner Rosenberg accepted the Bahá'í Faith, the first English woman to become a Bahá'í in her native land. [AB73–4; ER39; GPB260; SBR20, 33; SEBW55-64, SCU17]
|
- Biography; - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Ethel Rosenberg; United Kingdom | First English woman to become a Bahá'í in her native land |
1899 18 May – 28 Jul
189- |
At the suggestion of Czar Nicholas II of Russia, the First International Peace Conference was held in The Hague. 26 nations attended.
Although the conference failed to achieve its primary objective, the limitation on armaments, it did adopt conventions defining the state of belligerency and adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes thus creating the Permanent Court of Arbitration. [Encyclopaedia Britannica]
|
- International peace conferences; Central Organization for a Durable Peace; Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (1899); Czar Nicholas II; Netherlands; Peace; Permanent Court of Arbitration; The Hague, Netherlands | |
1899 c. 1 May (and period following)
189- |
Kheiralla returned to the United States from `Akká. [BFA1:xxix, 158] (After his departure from Palestine he was abandoned by his British-American wife.) [SBBH1p239]
|
Akka, Israel; `Alí Kulí Khán; Covenant-breaking; Hájí `Abdu'l-Karim-i-Tihrani; Hájí Hasan-i-Khurasani; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Mírzá Asadullah-i-Isfahani; United States (USA) | |
1899 May
189- |
A council board of seven officers, a forerunner of the Local Spiritual Assembly, was established in Kenosha. [BFA1:112; GPB260]
|
Board of Council; Kenosha, WI; LSA; Spiritual Assemblies; United States (USA); Wisconsin, USA | |
1899 9 Apr
189- |
Upheaval at Najafábád. [BBRXXX, 426; BW18:384–5]
|
- Upheavals; Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Najafabad upheaval | |
1899 Spring
189- |
After May Bolles returned from pilgrimage in 1899 she was the lone Bahá'í in Paris but soon established the first Bahá'í group on the European continent. The list of those who enrolled in the Faith before 1902 include: Edith MacKaye (the first to believe), and by the New Year of 1900, Charles Mason Remey and Herbert Hopper were next to follow. Then came Marie Squires (Hopper), Helen Ellis Cole, Laura Barney, Mme. Jackson, Agnes Alexander, Thomas Breakwell, Edith Sanderson, and Hippolyte Dreyfus, the first French Bahá'í. Emogene Hoagg and Mrs. Conner had come to Paris in 1900 from America, Sigurd Russell at fifteen years old returned from 'Akká a believer, and in 1901, the group was further reinforced by Juliet Thompson, Lillian James, and "the frequent passing through Paris of pilgrims from America going to the Master . . . and then again returning from the Holy Land." These are but a few, for "in 1901 and 1902 the Paris group of Bahá'ís numbered between twenty-five and thirty people with May Bolles as spiritual guide and teacher. [BW8p634; BFA2:151–2, 154–5; GBP259-26/a>; AB159; BBRSM106; SBBH1:93] | Agnes Alexander; Charles Mason Remey; Edith Sanderson; Emogene Hoagg; France; Helen Ellis Cole; Herbert Hopper; Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney; Juliet Thompson; Laura Clifford Barney; Lillian James; Marie Squires (Hopper); May Maxwell (Bolles); Mme. Jackson; Mrs Conner; Paris, France; Sigurd Russell; Thomas Breakwell | First Bahá'í group on European continent. First Frenchman to embrace the Faith. |
1899 23 Mar
189- |
Edward and Lua Getsinger departed Akká and arrived in New York City on the 20th of May. [LGHC30]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - First pilgrims; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Voice recordings of; Akka, Israel; Edward Getsinger; Gifts; Greatest Name; Lua Getsinger; New York, USA; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; United States (USA) | |
1899 13 Mar
189- |
Near the end of the first Western pilgrims to Akka (8 December 1898 to 23 March 1899), government officials in Akka received word from Istanbul that they were to prevent all foreigner from visiting 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Only 5 of the group of Western pilgrims remained by this time but a group of Persian pilgrims were required to leave almost immediately after the start of their pilgrimage. [LWS150-151]
One possible trigger was the conspicuous arrival of two American women and their retinue. One of these women, Margaret Bloodgood Peeke, had altered their travel plans by adding Akka so that she could meet 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [LWS151] |
- First pilgrims; Akka, Israel; Margaret Bloodgood Peeke; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims | |
1899 12 Mar
189- |
Margaret Peeke (b. 8 April 1838, d. 2 November 1908) and an unknown companion visited 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Akka. They had two interviews of two and three hours each. Mrs Peeke was a presenter at Green Acre and wrote several books on the Rosicrucians, the occult and psychic phenomena.. [SoW Vol 2 No 14 November 23, 1911 p16; LWS152-158]
|
- First pilgrims; Akka, Israel; Margaret Peeke; Occultism; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims | |
1899 16 Feb
189- |
Birth of Hermann Grossmann, Hand of the Cause of God, in Rosario de Santa Fé, Argentina, into a family of German background. [Bahaipedia] | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Argentina; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hermann Grossmann; Rosario, Argentina | |
1899 16 Feb
189- |
The third group of Western pilgrims arrived in the Holy Land after completing their six-week cruise on the Nile.
|
- First pilgrims; Akka, Israel; Anne Apperson; Haifa, Israel; Julia Pearson; Maryam Thornburgh-Cropper; May Maxwell (Bolles); Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; Robert Turner | |
1899 c. Feb - Mar
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá, accompanied by Kheiralla, laid the foundation stone for the Shrine of the Báb. [BFA1:XXVIII, 142; BBD209; GPB275; SBBH2:112; LWS148]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Foundation stones and groundbreaking; Haifa, Israel; Ibrahim George Kheiralla | |
1899 Feb
189- |
The first Tablets of `Abdu'l-Bahá arrived in America. [BFA1:143]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Firsts, other; United States (USA) | First Tablets of `Abdu'l-Bahá arrive in America |
1899 31 Jan
189- |
The Remains of the Báb arrived in the Holy Land. [BBD209; DH66; GPB274; LWS147]
|
Akka, Israel; Báb, Remains of; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká) | |
1899 mid Jan
189- |
By mid-January Marion Kheiralla arrived in Akka. [BFA1p145] | - First pilgrims; Akka, Israel; Haifa, Israel; Marion Miller Kheiralla; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims | |
1899 (In the year)
189- |
Siyyid Mustafá Rúmí and others transported a marble casket to the Holy Land made by the Bahá'ís of Mandalay to accommodate the remains of the Báb. [BW10:517] Photograph of the sarcophagus in its transport crate after it reached Haifa. [Bahá'í Media Bank] |
Báb, Sarcophagus for; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Haifa, Israel; Mandalay, Myanmar; Sarcophagus; Siyyid Mustafa Rumi | |
1899 (In the year)
189- |
A local spiritual assembly called "The Consulting Assembly of Tihrán", a forerunner of the National Spiritual Assembly was established. [EB175–6; 26 November, 2007]
|
- Hands of the Cause; Appointments; Elections; Iran; LSA; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tehran, Iran | first National Assembly of Iran |
1899 (In the year)
189- |
The Serpent by Thornton Chase, an 18-page pamphlet on the image of the serpent in the Bible, was published in Chicago. This was probably the first published essay written by an American Bahá'í. [BFA2:26] | * Publications; - First publications; Chicago, IL; Thornton Chase; United States (USA) | First published essay written by American Bahá'í |
1899 (In the year)
189- |
Miss Olive Jackson of Manhattan became the first black American woman Bahá'í. [BFA1:126–7] | Firsts, other; Manhattan, NY; New York, USA; Olive Jackson; Race; United States (USA) | First black American woman Bahá'í |
c. 1899
189- |
It is believed that the first Bahá'ís, a couple, were in Italy in 1899. [BN #43 Aug 1930 p8]
|
Italy | First Bahá'í group in Italy. First group in Italy. |
1898 21 Dec
189- |
Birth of Dorothy Beecher Baker, Hand of the Cause of God. | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Dorothy Baker; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths | |
1898 c. 20 Dec
189- |
The second group of Western pilgrims arrived in `Akká, and stayed three days before returning to Cairo to resume their plan for a six-week trip up the Nile which began soon after New Year's Day. [BFA1:145]
|
- First pilgrims; Akka, Israel; Amalie Bachrodt; Phoebe Hearst; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; Robert Turner; Thornburg, Mrs | |
1898 10 Dec
189- |
The first Western pilgrims arrived in `Akká. [AB68; BBD13; BBRXXX; DH214; GPB257; SCU13; Bahá'í Teachings]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - First believers by background; - First pilgrims; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Voice recordings of; Akka, Israel; Anton Haddad; Cairo, Egypt; Edward Getsinger; Egypt; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká); Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Lua Getsinger; Mary Virginia Thornburgh-Cropper; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; Robert Turner | First Western pilgrims; first group of first Western pilgrims; the first Tablet addressed to a North American believer; first member of black race to become Bahá'í |
1898 13 Nov
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá commemorated Kheiralla's arrival by ending the period of mourning for Bahá'u'lláh and by opening His Tomb to pilgrims for the first time. [BFA1:142–3; SBBH2:112] | Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Bahji, Israel; Firsts, other; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims | First time Tomb of Bahá'u'lláh opened to pilgrims |
1898 11 Nov
189- |
Kheiralla arrived in `Akká. [BFA1:XXVIII, 141]
|
- First pilgrims; Akka, Israel; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims | |
1898 (Before 10 Dec)
189- |
During this period, `Abdu'l-Bahá issued instructions that, under no circumstances, was the Cause of God to be proclaimed or propagated in Egypt. The pilgrims who came through Port Said on a monthly basis were told when they arrived not to teach the Cause and, if they were asked about the Faith, not to offer a response. Ibrahim Effendi, who served in the Egyptian Custom Office as an inspector, noticed the coming and going of pilgrims from Persia and pressed for an explanation. One of the pilgrims, a renowned Bahá'í teacher from a Zoroastrian background named Jinab-i-Nush, unaware of the injunction, began to teach him. Mirza Áqá reported the incident to 'Abdu'l-Bahá and He welcomed the new believer with a Tablet. Ibrahim Effendi became an intrepid teacher of the Faith. | Egypt; Ibrahim Effendi; Jinab-i-Nush; Port Said, Egypt | first first native believer of Port Said. |
1898 Oct
189- |
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany visited Haifa where the Templer colony numbered about 700 souls. His ship docked at what is now Ben Gurion Avenue. (The modern port built during the British Mandate period reclaimed much land altering the shoreline of Haifa beyond recognition and depriving the German colony of direct access to the sea. The Kaiser's visit was the apex of the history of the colony and would be commemorated with a stone marker that today sits just above the entrance at the top of the Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb.) He, however, chose not to go to Akka where 'Abdu'l-Bahá lived and He did not go to see the Kaiser because he "was proud He was the embodiment of pride." [VAB8; LWS10, 288n20] | Haifa, Israel; Kaiser Wilhelm II; Templer Society (German Templer colony) | |
1898 22 Sep
189- |
The first Western pilgrims departed for `Akká, travelling via New York and Paris. [BFA1:XXVIII, 140–1, 230]
|
- First pilgrims; Edward Getsinger; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Lua Getsinger; New York, USA; Phoebe Hearst; Pilgrimage; Pilgrims; Robert Turner; United States (USA) | First Western pilgrims |
1898 (Autumn)
189- |
Eighteen people became Bahá'ís in Kenosha, Wisconsin, following the visit of Kheiralla in the autumn of 1897. [BFA1:XXVIII]
|
Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Kenosha, WI; Wisconsin, USA | |
1898 20 Aug
189- |
Jamál Effendi passed away in `Akká. [EB128; Momen-Jamal Effendi]
Note: Balyuzi gives the date of August 20th with giving a source. Momen says that Jamál Effendi lived out the last days in Akka. He died on 9 November 1898. He was buried in the Akka cemetery near the grave of Mírzá Músá, the brother of Bahá'u'lláh. 'Abdu'l-Bahá wrote a tablet of visitation for him and instructed that on his grave be written the following words: Verily, Jamál ad-Dín, a traveller famous in every clime, the spreader of the fragrance of the love of God, has now become a traveller in those realms of God which are hidden from the eyes of the people of realm of veils. 1316 AH |
- Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Akka, Israel; Jamal Effendi | |
1898 Jul or Aug
189- |
Phoebe Hearst became a Bahá'í in California through the efforts of Lua and Edward Getsinger. [BFA1:XXVIII 139; LDNW14-15]
|
California, USA; Edward Getsinger; Lua Getsinger; Phoebe Hearst; United States (USA) | |
1898 1 Jun
189- |
Áqá Ghulám-Husayn-i-Banádakí was killed by a mob in Yazd after refusing to deny his faith. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution, Mobs; Iran; Yazd, Iran | |
1898 Jun
189- |
In New York City, 141 people became Bahá'ís in the five months since Kheiralla's arrival. [BFA1:XXVIII, 125] | Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1898 Apr
189- |
Nine Bahá'ís attending a Ridván meeting were arrested, beaten and imprisoned in Hamadán. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Hamadán, Iran; Iran | |
1898 9 Feb
189- |
Hájí Muhammad-i-Turk was shot, beaten and then burned to death in a main street in Mashhad by four religious students. [BBRXXX, 406; BW18:384]
|
Hájí Muhammad-i-Turk; Mashhad, Iran | |
1898 Feb
189- |
Kheiralla arrived in New York and began classes on the Bahá'í Faith. [BFA1:XXVIII, 116] | Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA | |
1898 (In the year)
189- |
Several Bahá'ís were arrested and imprisoned in Qazvín. [BW18:384] Hájí Muhammad was set upon and killed in Hisár, Khurásán. BW18:384] |
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; Hisar, Iran; Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Qazvin, Iran | |
1898 (In the year)
189- |
The Tarbíyat School for boys was established in Tihrán by the Bahá'ís. [BBD221] | - Bahá'í inspired schools; Iran; Social and economic development; Tarbiyat School, Tihran; Tehran, Iran | Founding of the first Tarbíyat School for boys |
1898 (In the year)
189- |
The first anti-Bahá'í polemical tracts were published by Christian missionaries in Iran. [SBB111:69] | Criticism and apologetics; Firsts, other; Iran | First anti-Bahá'í polemics by missionaries in Iran |
1898 (In the year)
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá instructed that the remains of the Báb be brought from their hiding place in Tihrán to the Holy Land. [BBD209]
In the 48 years since His martyrdom the Remains of the Báb had been secreted from a silk factory in Tabriz to Ṭihrán, Iṣfáhán, Kirmansháh, Baghdád, Damascus, Beirut and finally to 'Akká and then to the Mountain of God. [CoF54] He insisted that the utmost secrecy be observed. "The dangers inherent in conserving such a precious Trust were enhanced tenfold with the defection of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's brothers….Spies in the employ of these disloyal members of Bahá'u'lláh's own family could be found in the telegraph offices and ports throughout the region." [LWS147] |
Báb, Remains of; Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Iran; Tehran, Iran | |
1896 -1897
189- |
In a gathering in Akka, 'Abdu'l-Bahá informed the friends of the threats of Siyyid Jamalud-Din-i-Afghani, a sometimes collaborator with Sultán 'Abdu'l-Maníd and an inveterate enemy of the Faith. He had vision of a pan-Islamic Ottoman state with the Sultan as the head of all Muslims. A short time after `Abdu'l-Bahá had spoken about him, a small growth appeared on the Siyyid's tongue. The Sultan's special physician was sent to attend him. In a number of operations, his tongue was cut several times until none was left and, soon after, he died. This was the end of a person whose tongue had spoken presumptuously towards the Cause of God and had committed such slander and calumny against the Faith. He has been called the "Protagonist of Pan-Islamism".
|
Akka, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Iran; Jamalud-Din-i-Afghani; Muhammad-`Alí Sháh; Tabríz, Iran | |
1897 30 May
189- |
The Covenant-breakers living at Bahji, realized that Mírzá Àqá Ján would be useful to them in their plot to undermine the authority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. They sent a letter to him purportedly from the Bahá'ís in Iran requesting that he assume leadership. Mírzá Àqá Ján arranged for a feast to be held at the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh on the fifth anniversary of His passing when he planned to announce his intention to the assembled followers. The Covenant-breakers, anticipating that his announcement would cause a disturbance, bribed a local official to have men on hand to take charge of the scene and to discredit 'Abdu'l-Bahá in the process. They had hope that He would be banished and they would be left in complete control of the Shrine. The disturbance did not happen as planned; the the result was that Mírzá Àqá Ján had openly thrown in his lot with the Covenant-breakers. They arranged for him to live in the Shrine until his death in 1901. During this time 'Abdu'l-Bahá and the faithful followers did not enter the Shrine but rather observed their devotions outside. [CoB184-189; MBBA84-90] | Bahji, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Muhammad Ali | |
1897 21 May
189- |
Lua Getsinger became a Bahá'í in Chicago. She had been called Khayru'lláh's best pupil. [BFA1:XXVII, AY59] | Chicago, IL; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Lua Getsinger; United States (USA) | |
1897 Spring
189- |
Finding the situation in `Akka intolerable, `Abdu'l-Bahá had moved to Haifa's Retreat of Elijah on Mount Carmel for two months. [MBBA69] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Akka, Israel; Cave of Elijah, Haifa; Covenant-breaking; Elijah (Prophet); Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel | |
1897 26 Mar
189- |
From the time of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh, Abdu'l-Bahá endured significant family opposition to His authority and position as the Centre of the Covenant. For several years He had worked to contain the news of these defections and to prevent any word of them from reaching other Bahá'í communities. By 1896-7 the Bahá'ís of Egypt had heard enough of the details that when Mirza Habibu'llah Afnan was going on a pilgrimage, they asked him to learn as much as he could. To his great shock, the Afnan soon apprised that indeed Abdu'l-Bahá's brothers and the majority of his family had arisen against him in rebellion. They accused Him of claiming to be a manifestation Himself and for the mistreatment of the break-away part of the family. As instructed by 'Abdul-Bahá, he, on his return to Egypt, informed the Bahá'í community of the situation. Mirza Abu'l-Fadl found this hard to accept in view of Bahá'u'lláh instructions regarding the treatment of the Holy Family after His passing. Therefore, he wrote to Abdu'l-Bahá to confirm the truth of this news and received in response a lengthy tablet that has been called The First Thousand-Verse Tablet. ['Abdu'l-Baha's First Thousand-Verse Tablet: History and Provisional Translation by Ahang Rabbani and Khazeh Fananapazir] In the Tablet He described how He had suffered from the activities of both "the waverers and the rebellious" from among the family and associates. They had deployed others to undermine the authority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Persia (where Jamál-i- Burújirdí was foremost among the Covenant-breakers.) and in other lands and even used the name of steadfast believers to disseminate their messages to undermine His authority. Up until this time 'Abdu'l-Bahá had spent considerable effort in trying to contain the news of their activities and had amassed considerable debt in trying to appease their demands. To compound 'Abdu'l-Bahá's woes and difficulties, in addition to opposition from within the Faith, the Azalis were active, particularly in Persia. Opposition also came from the Ottoman government in Istanbul, the local authorities and from the Islam and possibly the Christian communities in Akka. iiiii |
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Akka, Israel; Azerbaijan; Cairo, Egypt; Covenant-breaking; Egypt; Iran; Jamal-i-Burujirdi; Khalil-i-Khui; Lawh-i-Hizar Bayti (Tablet of the Thousand Verses, two tablets); Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Mírzá Muhammad Ali | |
1897 1 Mar
189- |
The birth of Shoghi Effendi, in the house of `Abdu'lláh Páshá. [BBD208; BKG359; DH60, 214; GBF2]
...we write to advise you that it has not been possible to establish with absolute accuracy the date of the beloved Guardian's birth. Shoghi Effendi's passport gives 3rd March 1896…A note in the Guardian's handwriting indicates 1st March 1897…A further and different date has been noted by Shoghi Effendi's father. Unless further research is able to clarify the matter, it is not possible to make a categorical statement of the Guardian's birth date. |
* Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Afnan; Aghsan; Akka, Israel; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Hájí Mírzá Abu'l-Qasim; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká); Names and titles; Rabbani (name) | |
1897 24 Feb
189- |
Birth of Jalal Khazeh (Jalál Khádih), Hand of the Cause of God, in Tihrán. | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Iran; Jalal Khazeh; Tehran, Iran | |
1897 Feb
189- |
Six Bahá'ís were arrested in Mamaqán, Ádharbáyján. Three were bastinadoed and three were imprisoned in Tabríz. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Azerbaijan; Iran; Mamaqan, Iran; Persecution, Adharbayjan; Tabríz, Iran | |
1897 (In the year)
189- |
Fifteen Bahá'ís were arrested in Saysán, Ádharbáyján. They were taken to Tabríz, imprisoned and fined. [BW18:384]
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Azerbaijan; Hamadán, Iran; Iran; Nayriz, Iran; Saysan, Iran; Tabríz, Iran | |
1897 (In the year)
189- |
The Hands of the Cause appointed by Bahá'u'lláh were instructed by `Abdu'l-Bahá to gather to begin the consultations regarding the future organization of the Bahá'í community in Tihrán.
|
Administrative Order; Central Assembly of Tehran; Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Iran; LSA; Spiritual Assemblies; Tehran, Iran | |
1897 (In the year)
189- |
Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí, the first Bahá'í to have settled China, died in Bombay on his way back to Shíráz. [PH24]
|
- Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Afnan; China; Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí Afnán; India; Mumbai, India | First Bahá'í to have settled in China |
1897 (In the year)
189- |
The passing of Hand of the Cause of God Shaykh Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Yazdí (Mullá Ridá) while incarcerated in the Síyáh-Cháh. [RoB2p84-91; Bahaipedia; Wikipedia]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Persecution, Iran; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Azizullah Sulaymani; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Iran; Muhammad-Ábád, Iran; Mulla Muhammad-i-Riday-i-Muhammmad-Á Mulla Rida (Shaykh Muhammad-Riday-i-Yazdi); Shaykh Muhammad-Riday-i-Yazdi; Síyáh-Chál (Black Pit, Tehran); Tehran, Iran; Yazd, Iran | |
1897 or 1900
189- |
Tablets, Communes and Holy Utterances, a collection of writings by Bahá'u'lláh, was published in Chicago. 23p. [BFA2:26]
|
* Prayer texts; * Publications; - Compilations; - First publications; - Publishing Trusts; Anton Haddad; Chicago, IL; Tablets, Communes and Holy Utterances (book); United States (USA) | First prayer book and first compilation of Bahá'í writings published in West |
1896 (In the year)
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá was forced to withdraw from `Akká to Tiberias owing to the accusations levelled against Him by Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí. [SBBH1:77] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Akka, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Tiberias, Israel | |
1896 Nov
189- |
Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí sent letters with misleading statements and calumnies against `Abdu'l-Bahá, thus making widely known his Covenant-breaking activities. `Abdu'l-Bahá could no longer conceal his unfaithfulness. [CB151, 178 SDH128-129; MBBA77] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Akka, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Muhammad Ali | |
1896 c. Oct
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá rented the former Governorate of `Abdu'lláh Páshá in the northwest corner of the city of `Akká at the inner moat. [BBD13, 108; DH60]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; `Abdu'lláh Páshá; Akka, Israel; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká) | |
1896 24 Jul
189- |
Four Bahá'ís were executed in Turbat-i-Haydarí on the order of the mujtahid. [BW18:384; BBR405]
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Assassinations; Hájí Muhammad Sadiq; Iran; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran | |
1896 21 Jul
189- |
Hájí Muhammad Sádiq was stabbed to death in Turbat-i-Haydarí. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Hájí Muhammad Sadiq; Iran; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran | |
1896 Jun - Jul
189- |
Several Bahá'ís were beaten and four were imprisoned in Turbat-i-Haydarí when two mujtahids stirred up the townspeople against them. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran | |
1896 13 May
189- |
Birth of Dr Ugo Giachery, Hand of the Cause of God, in Palermo, Sicily. [Wikipedia] | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Palermo, Italy; Sicily, Italy; Ugo Giachery | |
1896 1 May
189- |
The martyrdom of Hand of the Cause of God Varqa ('Dove'), Mírzá 'Ali-Muhammad. (b.1856 in Yazd, d. in Tehran) He and his young son,
Ruhu'lláh, were killed by, Hajib'ud-Dawleh, one of the Qajar courtiers, in fact, the Chief Steward, in the aftermath of the assassination of Nasir'd-Din Shah. Varqá was slashed to death before the eyes of his twelve-year-old son who, still refusing to recant, was strangled. [GPB296; BBRXXIX; SUR77; BW18p384; Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project]
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Iran; Tehran, Iran; Varqa; Varqá, Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad; Varqa, Ruhullah; Yazd, Iran | |
1896 1 May
189- |
Muzaffari'd-Dín became the shah of Persia. He was the son of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh. He had been sent as governor to the province of Azerbaijan in 1861 and, as the crown prince, had spent 35 years in the pursuit of pleasure. When he ascended to the throne he was unprepared for the office. In addition, the country had huge debts to both Britain and Russia.
|
- Shahs; - Throne changes; History (general); Iran; Iran, General history; Muzaffarid-Dín Sháh | |
1896 (In the year)
189- |
ʻIshqábád was one of the first places (possibly the first) in which 'Abdu'l-Bahá gave instructions for the setting up of an elected Bahá'í assembly. This was done in 1313 A.H. (1895-6) and was called at first the Spiritual Board of Counsel (Mahfil-i Shawra Rawhani) and later the Spiritual Assembly (Mahfil-i Rawhani). THE BAHA'I COMMUNITY OF ASHKHABAD; ITS SOCIAL BASIS AND IMPORTANCE IN BAHA'I HISTORY by Moojan Momen pg287; Note 11] | Ashgabat; Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Turkmenistan | first local assembly |
1896 19 Apr
189- |
Násiri'd-Dín Sháh was assassinated on the eve of the celebration of his jubilee. He had ascended to the throne in 1848 and by the Islamic lunar calendar it marked the 50th year of his reign. [BKG455]
|
- Births and deaths; - Shahs; - Throne changes; Assassinations; History (general); Iran; Iran, General history; Jamalud-Din-i-Afghani; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Qajar dynasty; Rayy, Iran | |
1896 15 Feb
189- |
Birth of Leroy C. Ioas, Hand of the Cause of God, in Wilmington, Illinois. His parents, Charles and Maria had become Bahá'ís in 1898 taught by Paul Dealy who was teaching Kheiralla's classes in Chicago. [Wikipedia; The Bahá'í Faith: Beginning in North America by Robert Stockman, World Order Vol 18 Issue 4 p24] | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Illinois, USA; Leroy Ioas; Wilmington, IL | |
1896 (In the year)
189- |
Mullá Hasan Khazá'í was arrested in Khúzistán. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Khuzistan, Iran | |
1896 (In the year)
189- |
Áqá Siyyid Mihdíy-i-Yazdí was martyred in Tabríz. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Tabríz, Iran | |
1896 (In the year)
189- |
Bahá'ís in Hisár, Khurásán were persecuted and imprisoned. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Hisar, Iran; Iran; Khurásán, Iran | |
1896 (In the year)
189- |
Díyá'íyyih Khánum, the eldest daughter of `Abdu'l-Bahá, married Mírzá Hádí Afnán of Shíráz. [BW4:234 (GENEALOGY); DH59–60]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Afnan; Akka, Israel; Diyaiyyih Khanum; Mírzá Hadi Afnan; Shoghi Effendi, Family of | |
1895 23 Jun
189- |
Birth of Leonora Stirling Holsapple (later Armstrong) in Hudson, New York. She was the first pioneer to Brazil and is regarded as the Mother of South America. [Wikipedia] | - Births and deaths; Hudson, NY; Leonora Holsapple Armstrong; Names and titles; New York, USA; United States (USA) | first Baha'i in Brazil |
1895 c. summer
189- |
Miss Marion Brown became a Bahá'í in London, the first European to accept the Bahá'í Faith. [BFA1:37] | - First Bahá'ís by country or area; London, England; Marion Brown; United Kingdom | First European to become a Bahá'í |
1895 (In the year)
189- |
Mrs Kate C. Ives of Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts became a Bahá'í, making her the first Western woman to have accepted the Bahá'í Faith. [BFA1:37] | - First Bahá'ís by country or area; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Massachusetts, USA; Orleans, MA; United States (USA) | First Western woman to become a Bahá'í |
1894 5 Jun
189- |
Thornton Chase became a Bahá'í in Chicago. [BBD53; BFA1:35–6]
|
- First Bahá'ís by country or area; Chicago, IL; Emanuel Swedenborg; Names and titles; Thornton Chase; United States (USA) | First American Bahá'í |
1894 Feb
189- |
Ibrahim George Kheiralla settled in Chicago. [BFA1:XXVII, AB65]
|
Anton Haddad; Chicago, IL; Firsts, other; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Ithaca, NY; Kenosha, WI; New York, USA; Philadelphia, PA; Teaching; United States (USA) | First Bahá'í community in North America formed in Chicago |
1894 (In the year)
189- |
From the day of
Bahá'u'lláh's ascension Bahiyyih
Khánum had grown so thin and feeble
and was in such a weakened condition from the anguish of her
mourning that she was close to breakdown. `Abdu'l-Bahá sent her to Egypt in the care of Hasan-i-Khúrásání. She returned not long after the assassination of the Shah in April 1896. [Memories of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh and 'Abdu'l-Bahá:
Memoirs of Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán
edited and translated by Ahang Rabbani. p61]
|
Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Hasan-i-Khurasani | |
1894 (In the year)
189- |
'Abdu'l-Bahá sent Mírzá Abú'l-Fadl to Cairo. The Master
instructed the prominent Bahá'ís not to associate openly with him
so that he would not attract undue attention and notice. He moved to an apartment with two furnished rooms,
situated above the business of an Afnan in Saray-i-Jawahiri. He began
teaching philosophy and logic at Al-Azhar University and meeting
and associating with the learned and accomplished men of his time.
He organized and taught classes in various branches of knowledge
and philosophy. He was "outed" as a Bahá'í went he arose to defend the community in the aftermath of the assassination of the Shah in April of 1896. [Memories of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá By
Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán
p58-59; 65]
|
Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani | |
1894 (In the year)
189- |
Two Bahá'ís were arrested and bastinadoed in Níshápúr. One died seven days later, the other two years later. [BW18:384]
|
* Persecution, Iran; Dastjirdan, Iran; Faran, Iran; Hamadán, Iran; Iran; Nishapur, Iran | |
1894 (In the year)
189- |
Green Acre was founded by Sarah J. Farmer in the aftermath of the World Parliament of Religions. [BBRSM:104; BFA2:142–7; BW5:29; GPB261; SBBH1:125] | - Bahá'í schools (conference centres); Eliot, ME; Green Acre, Eliot, ME; Maine, USA; Parliament of the World's Religions; Sarah Farmer; United States (USA) | |
1893 23 Sep
189- |
First public reference in North America to the Bahá'í Faith. [SBBH1p76]
|
Bahá'í Faith, Early Western Accounts of; Chicago, IL; Christian missionaries; First mentions; Henry Jessup; Interfaith dialogue; Mentions; Parliament of the World's Religions; United States (USA) | First public reference in North America to Bahá'í Faith |
1893 17 Jun
189- |
Áqá Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Muhammadábádí was killed by three men on the orders of two of the `ulamá of Yazd. [BW18:384; GPB296]
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Firsts, other; Iran; Yazd, Iran | First to suffer martyrdom in ministry of `Abdu'l-Bahá |
1893 28 May
189- |
Mírzá Áqá Ján, Bahá'u'lláh's amanuensis for almost 40 years, threw in his lot with Mírzá Muhammad`Alí and became a Covenant-breaker. [CB181, RoB1p315-319]
|
Bahji, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Muhammad Ali | |
1893 c.
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá wrote Risáliy-i-Siyásiyyih (variously translated as "Treatise on Politics", "A Treatise on Statesmanship" and "Treatise on Leadership"). [ABMM] He wrote it in response to the crisis in Persia known as the Tobacco Revolt which was an insurrection against the Shah for having granted the tobacco monopoly to British interests at the expense of Persian farmers and businessmen. The Treatise was the first policy statement of `Abdu'l-Bahá upon taking the reins of the leadership of the Bahá'í community. It shows His alarm at the increasing involvement of religious leaders and communities in this populist movement against the civil Iranian state and cites the way past such religious populist movements have led to foreign intervention or increased absolutism (e.g. the `Urabi Revolt in Egypt and the 1876 Constitutional Revolution in Istanbul). `Abdu'l-Bahá argues forcefully for a separation of religion and state as a basis for Bahá'í non-involvement in such anti-state violence. |
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Publications; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Church and state; Iran; Politics; Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih (Treatise on Leadership); Tobacco Revolt | |
1892 20 Dec
189- |
Ibrahim Kheiralla arrived in New York. [AB65; BBD129; BFA1:26; SSBH1:88; AY111]
|
Ibrahim George Kheiralla; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1892 19 Dec
189- |
Mirza Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, at the request of Alexander Tumansky, wrote a treatise for him, Risáliy-i Iskandaríyyh. It was a major work which provided a brief summary of the life of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as unique information on the controversial Bábí histories Táríkh-i Jadíd and Naqtatu'l-Káf. There was the courageous defense of the Bahá'í Faith that Abú'l Fadl was able to publish in the Egyptian press, the first article of its kind. It has been published in Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl; Letters and Essays 1886-1913 translated by Juan Ricardo Cole. | Alexander Tumansky; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl; Taríkh-i-Jadíd (New History) | |
1892 29 Sep
189- |
Russian Orientalist, Baron Viktor Romanovich Rosen (1849–1908), at a meeting of the Oriental Section of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society in St. Petersburg, read a paper written by a junior colleague and former student, Aleksandr Grigor'evich Tumanski (1861–1920). He was a Russian soldier and orientalist who took a close interest in the Bahá'ís and spent some time in the Bahá'í community in Ashkhabad. He published the text and a translation of the Kitab-i-Aqdas as well as a number of papers.
|
Alexander Tumansky; Andalib (poet); Baron Rosen; Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia | |
1892 3 Sep
189- |
Nabíl, inconsolable at the death of Bahá'u'lláh, committed suicide by drowning himself in the sea. [AB56; BBD167; BKG265-268, , 427–8; MF32-37; DH81; EB268-270; GPB222; Rob1p201-206]
Nabil's life as a Bahá'í is summed up in his extensive travels throughout Iran, Iraq, Turkey, the Caucasus, Egypt, and Palestine. In his early travels as a Bahá'í, he met with the Bábí communities to invite them to the Bahá'í faith; he attracted the Bábi leaders to the recognition of Bahá'u'lláh as the fulfillment of the Báb's prophecies concerning the promised messianic figure and helped reinforce the belief of the new Bahá'ís in the teachings and principles that were being advanced by Bahá'u'lláh. Through these activities, Nabíl became an outstanding teacher, defender, and promulgator of the Bahá'í faith. [Dawn over Mount Hira, "The Poet Laureate" p19-104, or p85-98, "Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica, DB434-435] His other works in prose included a treatise on the Bábí-Bahá'í calendar, a treatise on Bahá'í inheritance laws (Fāżel Māzandarāni, IV pp. 1, 214), and his account on the event of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh (Nabil Zarandi, Maṯnawi-e Nabil Zarandi, Langenhain, 1995, pp. 67-108). But Nabil's most celebrated work is Maṭāleʿ al-anwār, an extensive historical narrative of the Bábí faith, written in Akka in 1888-90, which was edited and translated into English by Shoghi Effendi as The Dawn-Breakers. The work was first published in the United States in 1932. ["Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica; DB434-435] |
- Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Akka, Israel; Baghdad, Iraq; Cairo, Egypt; Cemeteries and graves; Edirne, Turkey; Karbala, Iraq; Nabil-i-Azam; Sava, Iran; Suicide; Turkey; Zarand, Iran | |
1892 5 Jul
189- |
The passing of Hand of the Cause of God Nabil-i-Akbar Áqá Muhammed-i-Qá'iní. He was born in Naw-Firist, Persia (Iran) on 29 March 1829. [Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project; MoFp1]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; - Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Bukhara, Uzbekistan; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Iran; Lawh-i-Hikmat (Tablet of Wisdom); Nabil-i-Akbar (Aqa Muhammed-i-Qaini); Naw-Firist, Iran; Uzbekistan | |
1892 Summer
189- |
Áqá Murtadá of Sarvistán, who had been in prison for five years, was executed in Shíráz. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Deaths; Aqa Murtada; Iran; Sarvestan, Iran; Shíráz, Iran | |
1892 (Summer)
189- |
Anton Haddad arrived in New York from Cairo via Alexandria. He, with Ibrahim Kheiralla, had planned to market Kheiralla's patented invention, a ticket with space for advertising, in time for the World's Columbian Exposition. Kheiralla would following him after an unsuccessful attempt to sell another invention in Russia and then in Germany.
Anton Haddad was the first Bahá'í to arrive in the New World. [BFA1p26] |
Anton Haddad; New York City, NY | the first Bahá'í to arrive in the New World. |
1892 summer
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá went to Haifa and Mount Carmel and isolated Himself in a small apartment in the stone building west of the lower cave of Elijah. [DH59, 188] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); Cave of Elijah, Haifa; Elijah (Prophet); Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel | |
1892 (In the year)
189- |
Soon after the ascension of Bahá'u'lláh the Covenant-breakers led by Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, on the pretext that he had been unfaithful to Bahá'u'áh, plotted to murder Mírzá 'Aqá Ján. Their real motive however, was to gain control of his property. Mírzá 'Aqá Ján, upon hearing of the plot, went to 'Abdu'l-Bahá, begged for forgiveness for his misdeeds and took refuge in His house. [CoB184] | Akka, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh); Mírzá Muhammad Ali | |
1892 19 Jun
189- |
Anton Haddad departed Cairo en route to the United States. [An Outline of the Bahá'í Movement in the United States: A sketch of its promulgator [Ibrahim Kheiralla] and why afterwards denied his Master, Abbas Effendi by Anton Haddad]
|
- Biography; Anton Haddad; Ayn-Zhalta, Lebanon; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Lebanon; North America; United States (USA) | first Baha'i to reach North America |
1892 16 Jun
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá sent a message to the Bahá'ís of the world calling for steadfastness. [AB48–9; DH113]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Bahá'í World Centre; Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of | First message of `Abdu'l-Bahá |
1892 7 Jun
189- |
On the ninth day after Bahá'u'lláh's passing the Will and Testament of Bahá'u'lláh, the Kitáb-i-`Ahd (The Crimson Book) was read at Bahjí before a large assembly in His Most Holy Tomb. [AB51–2; BBD132; CB150; DH113; GPB238; RB4:419–20, BKG420-425]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Bahji, Israel; Covenant; Crimson; Crimson Book; Kitáb-i-Ahd (Book of the Covenant); Will and Testament of Bahá'u'lláh | |
1892 (In the year)
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá rented the house now known as the Pilgrim House (or the "Tea House") at Bahjí from its Christian owner Iskandar Hawwá', the husband of `Údí Khammár's daughter Haní. [DH114, 226] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Tea House of (Bajji); Bahji, Israel; Pilgrim Houses; Pilgrim house, Bahji; Udi Khammar | |
1892 (After the ascension of Bahá'u'lláh)
189- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá asked Nabíl-i-Azam to choose a number of passages from the writings of Bahá'u'lláh to be used as a tablet of visitation. Nabil selected four passages and composed the text which is known as the Ziārat-nāma. This Tablet is also used at observances commemorating the Martyrdom of the Báb. [BBD234; BKG427; GPB222; RB4:419, "Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica]
|
Bahji, Israel; Nabil-i-Azam; Tablets of Visitation | |
1892 29 May
189- |
At the time of His passing Bahá'u'lláh left approximately 50,000 believers scattered in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries (ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ, Majmūʿa-ye makātīb, Tehran, 1975, no. 13, photocopied ms., p. 3)". [BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati]
|
Azerbaijan; Statistics | |
1892 29 May
189- |
Shoghi Effendi in his book God Passes By describes Bahà'u'lláh's life in terms of four phases.
Part 2: From 1844 to 1853, a period "of active and exemplary discipleship" in the service of the Báb. Part 3: The four month period of Bahà'u'lláh's imprisonment in the Síyáh Chál in 1853 "overshadowed throughout by mortal peril, embittered by agonizing sorrows, and immortalized, as it drew to a close, by the sudden eruption of the forces released by an overpowering, soul-revolutionizing Revelation." Part 4: Bahà'u'lláh's thirty-year ministry from 1853 through to 1892, during which, as He endured three exiles, His afflictions intensified as the orb of His revelation rose to its zenith. He withstood the opposition of potentates, clergy, the corruption of officials, the cowardice and betrayal of His brother and others. All the while this contrasted sharply to the dignity, the courage and the uprightness that characterized His conduct. [GBP107] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Expanded | |
1892 29 May
189- |
The Ascension of Bahá'u'lláh Bahá'u'lláh passed away at Bahjí in His seventy–fifth year. [AB47; BBRXXIX, 233; BKG420; CB148; GPB221; RB4:411] "The news of His ascension was instantly communicated to Sultán 'Abdu'l-Hamíd by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in a telegram which began with the words "the Sun of Bahá has set". [GPB222; AB47; BKG420]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Bahji, Israel; Boxes; Boxes containing Writings; Covenant; Covenant-breaking; Holy days; Missing, lost or destroyed Writings; Obligatory prayer; Qiblih; Seals; Sultán `Abdu'l-Hamid | |
1877 - 1892
189- |
See Bibliography for the Tablets of Baha'u'llah: List of citations and resources for Tablets revealed 1877-1892 compiled by Jonah Winters.
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of | |
1892 c. 24 May
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh called all the believers and many pilgrims to His bedside for their last audience with Him. [GPB222] | Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Bahji, Israel; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Pilgrims | |
1892 8 May
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh contracted a slight fever. [GPB221]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bahá'u'lláh, Ascension of; Bahji, Israel; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji) | |
1892 Prior to the passing of Bahá'u´lláh
189- |
During the lifetime of Bahá'u'lláh Muhammad Ali made two trips to India for seditious purposes. With the help of Nazir, he plotted to prepare the way to become the leader of the Cause after the departure of Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'u'lláh was well aware of these plans as is testified by many Tablets especially by the Revelation of the Book of His Covenant prior to His ascension. In this book, He clearly appointed 'Abdu'l-Bahá as the One to whom all, including the Branches, were to turn for light and guidance. [SUR247] | Akka, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Muhammad Ali; Nazir | |
1892 (About 2 mos before 29 May)
189- |
Close to the end of His life Bahá'u'lláh became displeased with Mírzá Àqá Ján and dismissed him from His service. He had served as His servant, with the title of Khádim (Servant) and later Khádimu'lláh (Servant of God) as well as His amanuensis and companion for almost forty years [CoB182; MBBA71] | Akka, Israel; Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Aqa Jan (Khadimu'lláh) | |
1892 (In the year)
189- |
Mu'tuminu's-Saltanih was poisoned in Tihrán on the orders of Násiri'd-Dín Sháh. [BW18:384] | Assassinations; Iran; Mutuminus-Saltanih; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Tehran, Iran | |
1891 3 Oct
189- |
Mullá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Dihábádí was martyred, one of the Seven Martyrs of Yazd who were killed at the hands of Jalálu'd-Dawlih and Zillu's-Sultan. [BW18:384] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Jalalud-Dawlih; Mullá Muhammad-`Alíy-i-Dihabadi; Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Seven martyrs of Yazd; Yazd, Iran; Yazd upheaval; Zillus-Sultan | |
1891 Jul-Aug
189- |
Members of the Afnán family met Bahá'u'lláh in Haifa during His visit. [BKG374, 406]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Afnan; Haifa, Israel | |
1891 27 Jun
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh visited Haifa for the fourth time. [BKG374; DH109; GPB194; RB4:351]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Báb, Shrine of (Haifa); Carmelite monastery, Israel; Cave of Elijah, Haifa; Charters of the Bahá'í Faith; Cypress trees; Elijah (Prophet); Haifa, Israel; House of Ilyas Abyad (Haifa); Lawh-i-Karmil (Tablet of Carmel); Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Haifa; Mount Carmel; Templer Society (German Templer colony); Zikrullah Khadem | |
1891 Apr c.
189- |
Two believers were arrested during the same period of intense persecution. Hájí Amín was sent to the prison of Qazvín, and Hand of the Cause Ibn-i-Abhar was consigned for four years in Tíhran, in which he bore the same chains as Bahá'u'lláh did, during the Latter's imprisonment in 1852. [Essay by Mehdi Wolf] | - Hands of the Cause; Chains; Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); Ibn-i-Abhar (Mulla Muhammad Taqi); Imprisonments; Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Tehran, Iran | |
1891 after 19 May
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Times, Tablet to the Times in which He recounted the circumstances of the martyrdoms in Yazd. [RB4:348–50, BW18p976-7] | * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Persecution, Iran; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Iran; Lawh-i-Times (Tablet to the Times); London, England; Media (communication); Newspapers; Press (media); Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Seven martyrs of Yazd; Times (newspaper); United Kingdom; Yazd, Iran; Yazd upheaval | |
1891 19 May
189- |
The execution of the Seven Martyrs of Yazd. [BBRXXIX, BW18:384]
Seven Bahá'ís were executed on the order of the governor of Yazd, Husain Mírzá, Jalálu'd-Dín-Dawlih (the grandson of the shah and the son of Zillu's-Sultán) and at the instigation of the mujtahid, Shaykh Hasan-i-Sabzivárí. [BW18p384]
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; - Sháh; Hájí Sayyah; Iran; Jalalud-Din-Dawlih; Lawh-i-Dunya (Tablet of the World); Seven martyrs of Hurmuzak; Seven martyrs of Yazd; Shaykh Hasan-i-Sabzivari; Yazd, Iran; Yazd upheaval; Zillus-Sultan | |
1891 15 Feb
189- |
First public lecture in the West on the Bahá'í Faith was given by E. G. Browne at the Southplace Institute, London.
|
E. G. Browne; Firsts, other; London, England; Southplace Institute, London; United Kingdom | First public lecture in West on Bahá'í Faith |
1891 (In the year)
189- |
Mirzá Adu'l-Fadl-i-Gulpáygání visited Kashgar during his trip to Central Asia. [Video Early history of the Bahá'í Faith in China 2min56sec] | China; Kashgar, China | |
1891 (In the year)
189- |
Bishárát (Glad-Tidings) is considered one of the major writings of Bahá'u'lláh. [Bahá'u'lláh's Bishárát (Glad-Tidings):
A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen by Christopher Buck and Youli A. Ioannesyan]
The Tablet of Glad-Tidings is a selective compendium of Bahaullah's laws and principles, sequentially presented in a series of 15 Glad-Tidings. As the Arabic term Bisharat suggests, these Glad-Tidings were a public announcement of some of the essential teachings of the new Bahá'í religion. The Glad-Tidings is the most extensive of several tablets by Bahá'u'lláh that present key teachings in a numbered structure. The Glad-Tidings may, in part, be regarded as serially articulated world reforms intermixed with religious reforms emanating from Bahá'u'lláh in his professed role as World Reformer. The Glad-Tidings also functioned analogously (albeit anachronistically) to a press release, serving not only as a public proclamation but to rectify the inaccuracies and gross misrepresentations that had previously circulated in print. Intended for widespread translation and publication, the Glad-Tidings was sent to scholars notably Russian orientalist, Baron Viktor Rosen (1849-1908) and Cambridge orientalist, Edward Granville Browne (1862-1926) and possibly pre-revolutionary Russian statesmen as well. As a Proclamatory Aqdas, the Tablet of Glad-Tidings was part of a much broader proclamation by Bahaullah, who proclaimed his mission to the political and religious leaders of the world. |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Baron Rosen; Bisharat (Glad Tidings); E. G. Browne | |
1891 (In the year)
189- |
Tablet of Visitation for Imám Husayn was revealed by Bahá'u'lláh. It was originally revealed as "Lawh-i-Zíyárat-Namih-i-Imám Husayn".
|
Lawh-i-Ziyarat-Namih-i-Imam Husayn (Tablet of Visitation for Imam Husayn) | |
1891 (In the year)
189- |
A Traveller's Narrative was published in two volumes by the Cambridge University Press. [BBD226; EGB55] It is an historical account written by 'Abdu'l-Bahá around 1886 and first published anonymously in Persian in 1890. This English translation was prepared by Professor Edward G. Browne. |
* Publications; - First publications; Cambridge, England; Travelers Narrative (book); United Kingdom | |
1891 (In the year)
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-`Ahd. [BBD32; CB142; GPB236–40, BKG420–5; RB4:419–20]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; Covenant; Crimson Book; Kitáb-i-Ahd (Book of the Covenant); Will and Testament of Bahá'u'lláh | |
1891 (In the first half of the year)
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed Epistle to the Son of the Wolf addressed to Shaykh Muhammad-Taqíy-i-Najafí (Shaykh Najafí), a powerful Shi'a-Muslim priest of Isfahan, the son of Shaykh Muhammad-Báqir. [BBD78, 164; BKG382; RB4:368]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Bahji, Israel; Iran; Lawh-i-Ibn-i-Dhib (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf); Lawh-i-Times (Tablet to the Times); Shaykh Muhammad-Taqiy-i-Najafi (Shaykh Najafi); Yazd, Iran | |
1891 (In the year)
189- |
In Bombay, on the instructions of Bahá'u'lláh, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was published for the first time. [SA250]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); * Publications; * Publishing; - First publications; India; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Mumbai, India | First publication of The Kitáb-i-Aqdas in Bombay |
1890 Nov
189- |
Nabíl presented his chronicle, The Dawn-Breakers, to Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá for approval. [DBXXXVII] | Akka, Israel; Dawn-Breakers (book); Nabil-i-Azam | |
1890 Aug-Sep
189- |
Mullá Hasan and his two brothers were arrested and beaten in Sarcháh, Bírjand. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Bírjand, Iran; Iran | |
1890 15–20 Apr
189- |
E. G. Browne was granted four successive interviews with Bahá'u'lláh at Bahjí. [BBD43; BBR225; BKG371; GPB193]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Akka, Israel; Bahá'u'lláh, Pen portraits of; Bahji, Israel; E. G. Browne; Junayn gardens (Israel); Pen portraits; Portraits; Travelers Narrative (book); Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín (Mullá Zaynul-ʻÁbidín) | |
1890 1 Apr
189- |
Bahá'u'lláh visited Haifa for a third time. He spent about two weeks there on this visit. [BBD94; BPP173; DH109; GPB194; RB4:351]
|
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bayt-i-Zahlan; Haifa, Israel; Oliphant House (Haifa); Templer Society (German Templer colony); Tents | |
1890 Mar
189- |
Násiri'd-Dín Sháh entered into contract of 50 years duration with British interests that would provide him with an annual payment plus 25% of the profits for the production and sale of tobacco. Prior to this, in the 1870s and 1880s the country's telegraph and mail systems, its fisheries, and many of its mines were sold to Western, mostly British, interests.
|
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Iran; Iran, General history; Nasirid-Din Sháh; Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih (Treatise on Leadership); Smoking (tobacco); Tobacco Revolt | |
1890 25 Feb
189- |
Seven Bahá'ís from Sidih who had gone to Tihrán to petition the Sháh for protection, secured a decree from him permitting them to return home. When they try to enter Sidih they were killed. [BBRXXIX, 285–9; BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Petitions; Sidih, Iran; Tehran, Iran | |
1890 (In the year)
189- |
A number of people of the Jewish, Zoroastrian and Buddhist Faiths became Bahá'ís. [BBR248–9; GPB195] | - Buddhism; - Judaism; - Zoroastrianism; Conversion; Interfaith dialogue; Jews | |
1890 c.
189- |
E. G. Browne was in `Akká. Bahá'u'lláh was staying in the Templer colony in Haifa when he arrived. [BBR253] | * Bahaullah (chronology); Akka, Israel; E. G. Browne; Haifa, Israel; Templer Society (German Templer colony) | |
1890 c.
189- |
Ibrahim George Kheiralla (Khayru'lláh) became a Bahá'í in Cairo under the tutelage of `Abdu'l-Karím-i-Tihrání. [BFA1:19]
|
- Christianity; - First believers by background; Cairo, Egypt; Conversion; Egypt; Ibrahim George Kheiralla; Interfaith dialogue | first Bahá'í from Syrian Christian background |
1890 (In the year)
189- |
Hájí Ákhúnd, Hájí Amín and Ibn-i-Abhar were arrested. Hájí Ákhúnd was imprisoned in Tihrán for two years; Hájí Amín was imprisoned in Qazvín for two years; and Ibn-i-Abhar was imprisoned in Tihrán for four years. [BW18:383–4]
Mírzá Mahmúd-i-Furúghí was arrested in Furúghí and sent to Mashhad. From there he was sent to Kalát-i-Nadírí where he was imprisoned for two years. [BW18:384] In Mashhad a mob set out to kill Mírzá Husayn-i-Bajistání, but failing to find him they looted his shop. [BW18:384] |
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Mobs; Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Hájí Amin (Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani); Ibn-i-Abhar (Mulla Muhammad Taqi); Iran; Kalat-i-Nadiri, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Mírzá Husayn-i-Bajistani; Mírzá Mahmud-i-Furughi; Qazvin, Iran; Tehran, Iran | |
1890 (In the year)
189- |
By 1890 about a thousand Bahá'ís had settled in `Ishqábád. [BBRSM91, SDOH99] | Ashgabat; Statistics; Turkmenistan | |
1889 19 Nov
188- |
Birth of General Shu`á`u'lláh `Alá'í, Hand of the Cause of God, in Tihrán. | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Iran; Shuaullah Alai; Tehran, Iran | |
1889 8 Sep
188- |
Hájí Muhammad Ridáy-i-Isfahání was martyred in `Ishqábád. He had been on of the most prominent Bahá'ís and acted as the agent for the Afnan family Ishqabad. The murder had been orchestrated by the clergy who had brought ruffians from Khurasan for this purpose. They were bold, thinking that they were acting with impunity because the victim was a Bahá'í but the authorities intervened and arrested nine of the perpetrators. Some 70 fled to Iran. The plan had been to incite a general attack on the Bahá'í community.
[BBRXXIX, 296–7; GPB202; The Baha'i Community Of Ashkhabad; Its Social Basis And Importance In Baha'i History by Mojan Momen p283; The Memoirs of Shamsi Sedaghat p27]
"In the city of 'Ishqábád the newly established Shí'ah community, envious of the rising prestige of the followers of Bahá'u'lláh who were living in their midst, instigated two ruffians to assault the seventy-year old Hájí Muhammad-Ridáy-i-Isfáhání, whom, in broad day and in the midst of the bazaar, they stabbed in no less than thirty-two places, exposing his liver, lacerating his stomach and tearing open his breast. A military court dispatched by the Czar to 'Ishqábád established, after prolonged investigation, the guilt of the Shí'ahs, sentencing two to death and banishing six others - a sentence which neither Násir'd-Dín Sháh, nor the 'ulamás of Tihrán, of Mashad and of Tabríz, who were appealed to, could mitigate, but which the representatives of the aggrieved community, through their magnanimous intercession which greatly surprised the Russian authorities, succeeded in having commuted to a lighter punishment." [GPB202-203] |
- Persecution; - Persecution, Court cases; - Persecution, Deaths; Ashgabat; Court cases; Czar Alexander III; Firsts, other; Hájí Muhammad Riday-i-Isfahani; Human rights; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Persecution, Turkmenistan; Turkmenistan | First time Shí'ís received judicial punishment for attack on Bahá'ís |
1889 19 Aug
188- |
Baron Julius de Reuter, a British-German financier with a history of financial agreements in Persia, secured a concession from the Persian government. This concession allowed him to establish the Imperial Bank of Persia. The bank was the first modern bank in Iran and introduced European banking ideas to a country in which they were previously unknown. The concession gave him exclusive rights to issue banknotes, manage the state's revenues, and establish branches in various Iranian cities.
The bank was given the authority to handle customs duties and foreign trade, which were significant sources of revenue for the Persian government. The bank was also responsible for managing the government's foreign debts and helping Iran to raise capital in international markets.
As usury was forbidden under Islam, the traditional money lenders in Iran were the Jewish sarrafs, who continued to dominate the field after the establishment of the Imperial Bank due to greater loan flexibility and cultural ties. At the time the only form of money in circulation was gold and silver coins. In 1890 a similar Russian bank known as the Loan and Discount Bank of Persia was founded. The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 split Iran into a Russian and British sphere of influence. It assigned to the Russian Loan and Discount Bank the revenues from the amortization of Persian debts in northern Iran, and the same for the British Imperial Bank in southern Iran. Bank Melli, an Iranian-controlled central bank, was established in 1928. [Colonialism, Nationalism and Jewish Immigration to Palestine: Abdu'l-Baha's Viewpoints Regarding the Middle East by Kamran Ekbal p3; Wikipedia] |
Colonialism and imperialism; History (general); Iran; Iran, General history | |
1889 Aug
188- |
Bahá'ís of Sidih and Najafábád, after having received no help or protection, went to Tihrán to petition the Sháh. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Petitions; Sidih, Iran; Tehran, Iran | |
1889 18 Jul
188- |
The Bahá'ís were persuaded to leave the Telegraph Office in Isfahán after being assured that they would receive protection in their villages. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Other; Iran; Isfahan, Iran | |
1889 17 Jul
188- |
Upheaval in Najafábád: Áqá Najafí, the `Son of the Wolf', drove over a hundred Bahá'ís out of Sidih and Najafábád. They took sanctuary in the Telegraph Office and in the stables of the governor of Isfahán.
|
- Upheavals; Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Najafabad upheaval; Sidih, Iran | |
1889 Jun
188- |
Áqá Najafí, the `Son of the Wolf', initiated a campaign against the Bahá'ís in Isfahán, Sidih and Najafábád. [BW18:383] | Aqa Najafi (Son of the Wolf); Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Sidih, Iran | |
1889 Jun
188- |
E. G. Browne gave a paper on the Bahá'í Faith (`Bábism') at the Royal Asiatic Society, London. | E. G. Browne; London, England; Royal Asiatic Society; United Kingdom | |
1889 (In the year)
188- |
Bahá'u'lláh instructed Jamal Effendi, a Persian scholar of noble birth and high rank, to proceed to India and acquaint its people with the Bahá'í teachings. He arrived in Bombay in 1872, (sources differ on the date), and proceeded to travel throughout the country. Despite the language difficulty he managed to convey the teachings to many distinguished people. Jamal Effendi's vast knowledge, eloquent tongue and unfailing courtesy attracted many persons to him, and he was the guest of a number of prominent Indians of high standing. At innumerable meetings and discussions Jamal Effendi outlined Bahá'u'lláh's teachings for the upliftment of mankind and many recognized the truth of his words and embraced the Cause. It was not until 1880 that Jamal Effendi's strenuous efforts produced permanent results. In that year the first Bahá'í group was formed at Bombay and from there the Faith spread rapidly to Poona, Calcutta, Karachi and Delhi where Local Spiritual Assemblies were eventually established. [BW18p246] | India; Jamal Effendi; Karachi, Pakistan; Kolkata, India; Mumbai, India; New Delhi, India; Pakistan; Pune, India | first Bahai group in India; first Bahai group in Bombay. |
1889 (In the year)
188- |
The publication of La religion de Bab, réformateur persan du XIXe siècle by M Clément Huart in Paris The book can be downloaded at no charge from here. | * Publications; France; M Clément Huart; Paris, France | |
1889 (In the year)
188- |
The passing of Hand of the Cause Mullá Sádiq Maqaddas Khurásáni also known by the designation Jináb-i-Ismu'lláhu'l-Asdaq.
[MoF5-8; LoF32-41; EB7-23]
Note that The Bahá'í Encyclopedia Project dates his passing 1874-1875. |
- Biography; - Hands of the Cause; - In Memoriam; Hamadán, Iran; Hands of the Cause, referred to as such by `Abdu'l-Bahá; Iran; Ismullahul-Asdaq (Mulla Sadiq Khurasani) | |
1888 23 Oct
188- |
The martyrdom of Mírzá Ashraf of Ábádih in Isfahán. He was hanged, his body burnt and left hanging in the market. Later his body was buried beneath a wall. [BBRXXIX, 277–80; BW18:383; GPB201] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Isfahan, Iran | |
1888 Jul
188- |
Nabíl began his chronicle, The Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative of the Early Days of the Bahá'í Revelation. [DBXXXVII] | Akka, Israel; Dawn-Breakers (book); Nabil-i-Azam | |
1888 c. Jul-Aug
188- |
Two Bahá'ís were arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and were sent to Shíráz, where one was imprisoned. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Fars, Iran; Iran; Sarvestan, Iran; Shíráz, Iran | |
1888 29 Mar
188- |
The first lecture in the West on the Bahá'í Faith (`Bábism') was given by E. G. Browne at the Essay Society, Newcastle, England. [SCU12] | E. G. Browne; Firsts, other; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England; United Kingdom | First lecture in West on Bahá'í Faith |
1888 (In the year)
188- |
Jamál Effendi, accompanied by Hájí Faraju'lláh-i-Tafrishí, embarked on a long journey to the East visiting Burma, Java (Indonesia), Siam (Thailand), Singapore, Kashmir, Tibet, Yarqand, Khuqand in Chinese Turkistan, and Afghanistan. [EB123–4; PH22] | Afghanistan; China; Hájí Farajullah-i-Tafrishi; India; Indonesia; Jamal Effendi; Java; Kashmir; Khuqand, Uzbekistan; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand; Tibet; Turkestan; Yarqand, China | |
1887 – 1888
188- |
E. G. Browne, the noted Orientalist, spent 12 months in Persia. An important purpose of his journey was to contact the Bábís. [BBR29]
|
Covenant-breaking; E. G. Browne; Hájí Mírzá Jani; Iran; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); United Kingdom | |
1887 27 Oct
188- |
"When Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Kitáb-i-Aqdas He withheld the publication of certain laws. These included the text of the Obligatory Prayers. In one of His Tablets Bahá'u'lláh orders His amanuensis, Mírzá Áqá Ján, to send a copy of the Obligatory Prayers to Persia as a favour to Mullá 'Alí-Akbar who had asked for them. He confirms that the Obligatory Prayers had been revealed a few years earlier." [RoB4p299-300]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; - Gradual implementation of laws; Akka, Israel; Hájí Ákhúnd (Mullá `Alí-Akbar-i-Shahmírzádí); Iran; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); Laws; Obligatory prayer | |
1887 26 Jul
188- |
Leyzer (Eliezer) Levi Zamenhof published, in Russian, La Unua Libro, (The First Book) of his fully-formed manual of the Esperanto language, signing it "Doktoro Esperanto", the nom de plume of its creator. By way of explanation, the word "esperanto", in Esperanto, means "One who hopes".
|
Esperanto; Leyzer (Eliezer) Levi Zamenhof; Lidia Zamenhof; Poland; Warsaw, Poland; Zamenof | |
1887 13 Apr
188- |
The first mention of the concept of `Hand of the Cause' in Bahá'u'lláh's writings is within a Tablet revealed in honour of Ibn-i-Asdaq. [BBD115; EB173] | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); - Hands of the Cause; - Hands of the Cause, Institution; Appointed arm; Firsts, other; Hands appointed by Bahá'u'lláh; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Ibn-i-Asdaq (Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad) | First mention of concept of `Hand of the Cause' |
1887 (In the year)
188- |
Karbalá'í Hasan Khán and Karbalá'í Sádiq were arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and imprisoned for two years before being killed in prison. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; Fars, Iran; Iran; Sarvestan, Iran | |
1887 Date uncertain
188- |
Husayn, the young son of Àbdu'l-Bahá and Munírih Khánum died in Akka at the age of three or four. In speaking with Lady Blomfield she said that five of her children died in Akka. [SoG 85; SUR235] She said that when Husayn passed away, Bahá'u'lláh wrote the following:
|
- Biography; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Akka, Israel; Israel; Palestine | |
1887 (In the year)
188- |
Mírzá Músá, Áqáy-i-Kalím, Apostle of Bahá'u'lláh, the faithful brother of Bahá'u'lláh, passed away in `Akká. [BBD166; BKG369; DH57]
|
- Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Akka, Israel; Cemeteries and graves; Mírzá Musa (Aqay-i-Kalim) | |
1886 14 Sep
188- |
Mishkín-Qalam, who had been living in Larnica, left Cyprus on a Syrian vessel going direct to `Akká. [BBR311, FOI24] | Akka, Israel; Cyprus; Larnaca, Cyprus; Mishkin-Qalam | |
1886 (In the year)
188- |
The passing of the wife of Bahá'u'lláh, Ásíyih Khánum, entitled Navváb (the Most Exalted Leaf) in the House of `Abbúd. [BBD170; BKG369; DH57, 213]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Akka, Israel; Cemeteries and graves; House of Abbud (Akká); Muhammad-Yusuf Páshá; Navvab (Asiyih Khanum) | |
1886 (In the year)
188- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá wrote A Traveller's Narrative. [TN40]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá, Basic timeline; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Akka, Israel; Historical overviews by Central Figures or BWC; Travelers Narrative (book) | |
1886 (In the year)
188- |
Birth of Narayanrao Rangnath Vakil, the first Hindu to become a Bahá'í in Surat, Gujarat, India. | - Births and deaths; - First believers by background; - Hinduism; Conversion; Gujarat, India; India; Interfaith dialogue; Narayanrao Rangnath Vakil; Surat, India | first Hindu to become a Bahá'í. |
1886 In the year
188- |
Birth of Músá Banání, Hand of the Cause of God, in Baghdád. [BW15p421–423] | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Baghdad, Iraq; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Iraq; Musa Banani | |
1885 29 Oct
188- |
Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Tablet of Ishraqát for Jalil-i-Khu'i on the Most Great Infallibility.
Included in the Tablet of Ishraqát is a quotation from a Tablet Bahá'u'lláh had earlier revealed in honour of Haji Muhammad-Ibrahim concerning some of the Islamic prophecies about the Day of God. He explains to Jalil-i-Khu'i that These are verses We sent down previously, and We have sent them unto thee, that thou mayest be acquainted with what their lying tongues have spoken, when God came unto them with might and sovereignty.[TB117-120] The passage on Trustworthiness in the Tablet of Ishraqát is also found in the Tablet of Tarazat and in a Tablet addressed to Haji Mirza Buzurg-i-Afnan (and perhaps in other Tablets as well). [TBp121-122] This is the passage in which Bahá'u'lláh states: One day of days We repaired unto Our Green Island. In a Tablet addressed to Haji Amin, Bahá'u'lláh indicates that a "Tablet of Trustworthiness" had been revealed in A.H. 1296 (around 1879). [RoB4p16-17] The date of the revelation of the Tablet of Tarazat was Dhi'l-Hajjih 1305 (approximately 1888). - Bahá'u'lláh responds to Jalil-i-Khu'i's question concerning "interest and profit on gold and silver" by quoting from a Tablet that had been previously revealed in honour of Zaynu'l-Muqarrabin.[TB132-133] In a commentary on the Tablet written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice it was written, "We have not, so far, been able to determine the date on which this Tablet was revealed." [Ishraqát, Tablet of, Date of Revelation] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel | |
1885 27 Mar 1885
188- |
Martyrdom of Mullá `Alíy-i-Námiqí in Námiq, Turbat-i-Haydarí, Khurásán. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Námiq, Iran; Turbat-i-Haydari, Iran | |
1884 (In the year)
188- |
Birth of Valíyu'lláh Varqá, Hand of the Cause of God, in Tabríz. [BW18:381-834] | - Births and deaths; - Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Iran; Tabríz, Iran; Varqa; Varqa, Valiyullah | |
1883 Aug
188- |
Bahá'u'lláh travelled to Haifa on the second of four known visits (His first is His brief stop there before travelling to Akká in 1868). This second visit lasted at least three weeks. [BBD94; DH109; GPB194]
For a few days the Mountain of God became the seat of the Temple and this is the Station which had been mentioned in the past Books. The voice of the Spirit (Jesus Christ) had been raised in this place and all the other Prophets have told of this Station. This is the mountain of God.[Journey to the Mountain p17] |
* Bahaullah (chronology); Bayt-i-Fanduq; Haifa, Israel; Mount Carmel; Templer Society (German Templer colony) | First visit to Haifa by Bahá'u'lláh |
1883 June 21
188- |
The name Thornton Chase appeared in newspaper coverage of a poem printed in The Grand Army Magazine, June 1883, "Lo! the Ranks are Thinned and Thinning" | Newspaper articles; Thornton Chase; United States (USA) | |
1883 15 Apr
188- |
Birth in Goslar, Germany, of Dr Artur Eduard Heinrich Brauns, a prominent German Bahá'í, named by Shoghi Effendi a Disciple of `Abdu'l-Bahá. | - Births and deaths; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Artur Eduard Heinrich Brauns; Germany; Goslar, Germany | |
1883 19 Mar
188- |
Sixteen Bahá'í traders of the bazaar were arrested in Rasht; three others are brought from Láhíján. [BW18:383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Láhíján, Iran; Rasht, Iran | |
1883 (In the year)
188- |
Six Bahá'ís were arrested in Yazd and sent to Isfahán in chains. BW18:383]
Four Bahá'ís were arrested in Sarvistán, Fárs, and sent to Shíráz where they are bastinadoed. [BW18:383] |
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Fars, Iran; Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Sarvestan, Iran; Shíráz, Iran; Yazd, Iran | |
1882 – 1883
188- |
The Tihrán Upheaval.
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Upheavals; Iran; Tehran, Iran; Tihran upheaval | |
1882 11 Nov
188- |
The passing of Khadíjih-Bagum, the wife of the Báb, in Shíráz in the house of her Husband. [BBD127; EB235; KBWB35; DB191; RoB2p387] Note: KBWB35 states that she passed on the 15th of September, 1882 however MBBA112 suggests 16th of October. She died of dysentery.
|
- Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Cemeteries and graves; Fiddih; Iran; Khadijih Bagum (wife of the Báb); Servants; Shíráz, Iran | |
1882 (In the year)
188- |
Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet of Maqsud was revealed following the invasion of Egypt by the French and British forces. In this Tablet He strongly denounced European imperialism and proposed an international peace conference to be attended by the world's major heads of state in response to this situation. | * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Colonialism and imperialism; Egypt; France; History (general); Lawh-i-Maqsud (Tablet of Maqsud); United Kingdom | |
1882 11 Jul
188- |
The British navy bombarded Alexandria, beginning or provoking fires that destroyed the city and forced a mass exodus of its population to the interior. In August-September the British invaded the country, restored Khedive Tawfiq to his throne, arrested Urabi, the Muslim modernist Muhammad 'Abduh, and other constitutionalists, and imposed a "veiled protectorate" on the country that differed only in name from direct colonial rule. The official British sources attempted to suggest that they had saved Egypt from a military junta allied to Islamic fanaticism, but more impartial observers have characterized the British invasion as the quashing of a grassroots democratic movement by an imperial power in the service of the European bond market. [BFA15, Wilmette Institute faculty notes] | Alexandria, Egypt; Colonialism and imperialism; Egypt; History (general); United Kingdom, History (general) | |
1876 - 1882
188- |
Egypt had mounting debts and a financial crisis which had been exacerbated by the construction of the Suez Canal and the extravagant spending of Egypt's ruling khedive, Isma'il Pasha. To finance modernization projects and the Canal, he had borrowed extensively from European powers and banks. The debt burden became unsustainable, and Egypt was on the verge of bankruptcy. in 1876 Britain and France, the major creditors, had established a Commission of the Public Debt to oversee Egypt's finances and to ensure repayment.
In 1879 Britain and France agree to take joint control of Egypt's administration, know as "Dual Control" with Britain often controlling the more influential positions. This measure was taken partially our of fear that there would be a complete collapse of Egypt's government and financial system. This imposition dual control faced opposition from many Egyptians who perceived it as foreign interference in their country's affairs. This period contributed to the rise of nationalist sentiments in Egypt and calls for greater Egyptian autonomy and independence from foreign control. Dual control lasted until 1882 when British forces effectively took control of Egypt during the Urabi Revolt, further solidifying British dominance in the country. Egypt was technically still part of the Ottoman Empire at this time, but in reality, it became a British protectorate, leading to a prolonged period of British influence over Egyptian affairs. [Wikipedia] |
Colonialism and imperialism; Egypt; History (general) | |
1882 - 1883
188- |
Bahá'í books were published for the first time, in Bombay and Cairo by the Násirí Press. The Bombay publishing house was run by Mírzá Ibrahím (a son of Hájí Abu'l-Qásim, the brother of the wife of the Báb) [GPB195; SA250; Momen-Jamal Effendi] | * Publications; * Publishing; - First publications; Business; Cairo, Egypt; Egypt; India; Mumbai, India | First time Bahá'í books published in Bombay and Cairo |
1882 20 Jan
188- |
The Lawh-i-Maqsúd (The Goal, The Desired One) was revealed by Bahá'u'lláh in 'Akká. [MMG131-135; Lawh-i-Maqsúd: Letter from the Universal House of Justice; excerpt from Juan Cole's Modernity and Millennium]
He said in part: Every word of thy poetry is indeed like unto a mirror in which the evidences of the devotion and love thou cherishest for God and His chosen ones are reflected. Well is it with thee who hast quaffed the choice wine of utterance and partaken of the soft flowing stream of true knowledge. Happy is he who hath drunk his fill and attained unto Him and woe betide the heedless. Its perusal hath truly proved highly impressive, for it was indicative of both the light of reunion and the fire of separation.[Compilation on Writers and Writing para 6; TB175-176] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Akka, Israel; Lawh-i-Maqsud (Tablet of Maqsud) | |
1882 (In the year)
188- |
Ibn-i-Asdaq was given the distinction Shahíd Ibn-i-Shahíd (Martyr, son of the martyr) by Bahá'u'lláh. [EB173] | Ibn-i-Asdaq (Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad); Names and titles | |
1882 (In the year)
188- |
Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad Varqá was arrested in Yazd. He is sent to Isfahán where he was imprisoned for a year. [BW18p383] | * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; Iran; Isfahan, Iran; Varqa; Varqá, Mírzá `Alí-Muhammad; Yazd, Iran | |
1881 24 Mar
188- |
Mírzá Yahyá was granted freedom by the British administration of Cyprus. [BBR311]
|
Cyprus; Famagusta, Cyprus; Mírzá Yahya (Subh-i-Azal) | |
1881 - 1882
188- |
A nephew of the wife of the Báb, Mirza Ibrahim, resided in Hong Kong. [Video Early history of the Bahá'í Faith in China 4min5 sec] | China; China; Hong Kong; Hong Kong | |
1881 (In the year)
188- |
Michele Lessona (b. 20 September 1923 in Turin Italy, d. 20 July 1894 in Turin) was a writer, a philosopher, an explorer and an educator as well as a medical doctor. He was also a prominent scientist who had translated Darwin and went on to influence generations of Italian scientists.
In 1862 he had been appointed physician to the diplomatic delegation sent to Persia to establish relations between the newly created Kingdom of Italy and the Persian government. There in Tabriz, Lessona met Daud Khan, who told him about the new Revelation. He met often with Gobineau, who had then become the French Ambassador to Persia and the two became lifelong friends. Most of Lessona's information on the Bábi Faith came from these two sources, especially the latter. He found it difficult to get any first-hand information about the Babis, but did recognize, in 1962, that the successor to the Báb was living in Baghdad. Lessona organized two-part conference on the Bábi movement that was held in December of 1880. The following year he published the proceedings of the conference in a small monograph called I Bábi. It was the first Italian historical testimony on the Bábí - Bahá'í Faith. [Bahá'í Tributes; Bahá'í Teachings; BW12p900] |
Bábísm; Comte de Gobineau; Iran; Italy; Michele Lessona; Tabríz, Iran; Turin, Italy | first Italian historical testimony on the Bábí - Bahá'í Faith. |
1881 (In the year)
188- |
The passing of Fáṭimih Bagum, the mother of the Báb in Karbila. She herself was from a prominent Shírází merchant family; she could trace her background back to the Imám Husayn. The daughter of Mírzá Siyyid Muhammad Husayn, she married Siyyid Muhammad Ridá, and had several children with him, however only one survived; 'Alí-Muhammad. Widowed shortly after, she went to live with her brother Hájí Mirzá Siyyid 'Ali who served as a father figure to Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad. On hearing that Siyyid 'Alí-Muhammad was making a pilgrimage to the holy city of Karbilá, she was distressed and arranged the marriage between Him to His second cousin once removed: Khadíjih Bagum. Originally, Fáṭimih Bagum did not accept her Son's cause unlike her brother, however she kept an open mind. She was devastated on hearing the news of the treatment of her Son, and after His martyrdom her family kept it a secret from her for nearly a whole year. After hearing the news, the distraught Fáṭimih Bagum moved to Karbilá with her closest companions in December of 1851. She did not become a believer until some time later when Bahá'u'lláh instructed two of His faithful followers, Hájí Siyyid Javád-i-Karbilá'í and the wife of Hájí 'Abdu'l-Majíd-i-Shírázi to instruct her in the principles of the Faith |
* Báb, The (chronology); - Biography; - In Memoriam; Fatimih Bagum; Iraq; Karbala, Iraq | |
1881 to 1928
188- |
The second Trustee of the Huqúqu'lláh was Hájí Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikání, entitled Amín-i-Iláhí (Trusted of God). He had been a companion of Jináb-i-Sháh until his death in 1881 in a fatal attack. Hájí Sháh-Muhammad and Hájí Abu'l-Hasan had been the first believers to succeed in entering the city of 'Akká and attain the presence of Bahá'u'lláh in the public bath in the early days of His confinement in the Most Great Prison. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 25 March, 1985]
|
- Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Hands of the Cause; Akka, Israel; Hájí Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikani (Amin-i-Ilahi); Hájí Ghulam-Rida (Amin-i-Amin); Hájí Shah-Muhammad-i-Manshadi (Aminul-Bayan); Hands appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi; Huqúqu'lláh; Huququllah, Trustees of; Public baths (bathhouses) | |
1881 (In the year)
188- |
The Ridván Garden and the Firdaws Garden were purchased in the name of Bahá'u'lláh. [BBD84, 196; DH95, 103]
|
- Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Akka, Israel; Firdaws Garden, Akká; Gardens; Pilgrims; Purchases and exchanges; Ridván garden (Akká) | |
1880 15 Aug
188- |
Mishkín-Qalam addressed a petition to the High Commissioner of Cyprus begging to be released from his confinement. [BBR307]
|
Cyprus; Mishkin-Qalam | |
1880 18 or 19 Jun
188- |
Bahá'u'lláh visited the Druze village of Yirkih (Yerka). `Abdu'l-Bahá joined Him for the last four nights. [DH123]
|
* `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); * Bahaullah (chronology); Druze; Palestine; Yirkih, Israel | |
1880 (In the year)
188- |
The first pioneer to Ishqabad was Jináb-I Mírzá 'Abdul'l-Karím-i Ardavílí who settled there in 1880.
At about this time, there erupted in Iran a general persecution of the Baha'is that affected most of the country, in particular Tehran, Yazd, Isfahan, Sabzivar, Fars and Rasht. With the approval of Bahá'u'lláh the Bahá'ís began to settle in Ishqabad. In about 1884, the first four Baha'is to settle permanently in Ashkhabad arrived there. Two of these arrived from Sabzivar, Aqa 'Abdu'r-Rasul Yazdi and Aqa Muhammad Rida Arbab Isfahani. On 3 April 1884, two other Bahá'ís arrived, Ustad `Ali Akbar and Ustad Muhammad Rida, both builders from Yazd. [The Baha'i Community Of Ashkhabad; Its Social Basis And Importance In Baha'i History by Mojan Momen p281-282] The Bahá'í community of Ishqabad, because of the continuous influx of pioneers from Iran (most from Yazd), soon grew to the point of saturation resulting in the friends choosing to pioneer to other parts of Turkestan. They first settled in larger cities, such as Marv, Chardzhou, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent and later when to smaller places. Soon there were Bahá'ís all over Turkestand, from Tashkent to the far corners of the Caspian Sea [YS pg.xvi] |
Ashgabat; Turkmenistan | |
1880 (circa)
188- |
In an interview with Dr Mina Yazdani, a professor of history at Eastern Kentucky University, she spoke about the long history of service to Iran that has been rendered by the Bahá'í community specifically in the fields of health, agriculture and education. She described how Bahá’í schools first emerged in the small village of Mahfuruzak in Mazandaran, where a local religious leader who had embraced the Bahá’í Faith, along with his wife, established schools for both boys and girls. Despite facing opposition that ultimately led to his imprisonment and execution, this initiative sparked a transformative movement in education across Iran.
Their school was a precursor for the Tabbiyat School system that started in Tehran in 1898 and operated until 1934. These schools were distinctive for their approach, integrating moral and academic education while emphasizing the principle of equality between women and men. Dr. Yazdani noted various examples of how these schools were progressive in their approaches: “Physical punishment in schools… was ordinary at that time, …but Bahá’í schools did not do that. And then, co-ed schools were almost non-existent. For some time, wherever possible, they were co-ed schools.” ‘Abdul-Bahá was directly involved in the promotion of agricultural activity in Iran. The efforts drew inspiration from the Bahá’í teachings, which emphasize the role of the farmer as “the first active agent in human society.” He encouraged the Bahá’ís of Iran to begin cultivating tea, so that the country would not need to rely so heavily on imported tea. “He very clearly wanted the Bahá’ís of Iran to do their best for the betterment of the country in every aspect,” she noted. Noteworthy also are the innovative efforts of the Bahá’ís related to public health matters and hygiene initiatives. These endeavours not only attended to the immediate material needs of individuals, but introduced ideas that were novel at that time, such as installing showers in traditional Iranian bath houses. Previously, these places had been sources of infection and disease, because the water would not be changed frequently. In contrast to other bath houses, the new, clean bath houses founded by Bahá’ís were open to everyone, irrespective of denomination—an initiative that benefitted all members of society. Other examples of the provision of health services were the Sehat Hospital and the Misaghieh Hospital, both established in Tehran. The principle of the equality of women and men has challenged prevailing social norms. She gave an example of the capability of women in both private and public spheres. “From very early on, Bahá’ís have applied the principle of the equality of rights for men and women to their private, social, and administrative lives. The rights that women have, for example, in marriage, are all based on the equality of women and men.” Another contribution of the Bahá’í community was to introduce the practice of consultation and collective decision-making. In spite of the difficulties for the Bahá'ís in modern day Iran due to the relentless persecution, they continue to serve the needs of their society with constructive resilience, a term often used by the Universal House of Justice to describe stalwart spirit of the Bahá'ís of Iran in the face of the unjust situation. [BWNS1756] |
- Bahá'í hospitals; Agriculture; Alaviyyih Khanum; Mahfurúzak, Iran; Misaghieh Hospital, Tehran; Mulla Ali Jan; Sehat Hospital, Tehran; Tarbiyat School, Tihran | Establishment of the first schools for boys and schools for girls in Iran. |
1880 In the year
188- |
Martyrdom of seven Bahá'ís in Sultánábád. [BW18:383]
|
* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; Iran; Sultanabad, India; Tehran, Iran | |
1880 Early 1880s
188- |
The first Zoroastrians became Bahá'ís, in Persia. [SBBH2:67; RoB3p268]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; - Zoroastrianism; Conversion; Iran; Lawh-i-Haft Pursish (Tablet of Seven Questions); Ustad Javan-Mard; Yazd, Iran | First Zoroastrians become Bahá'ís |
1879 or 1880
187- |
Birth of Túbá Khánum, second daughter of `Abdu'l-Bahá. [CH93, 95, ABMM] | * `Abdu'l-Bahá (chronology); - Births and deaths; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Family of; Akka, Israel; Tuba Khanum | |
1879 Nov 30
187- |
Birth of Laura Clifford Barney (Laura Dreyfus-Barney) in Cincinnati, Ohio. She compiled Some Answered Questions from her interviews with `Abdu'l-Bahá during her visit to Acca between 1904 and 1906. (d. Paris 18 August 1974) | - Births and deaths; Cincinnati, OH; Laura Clifford Barney; Ohio, USA; Some Answered Questions (book); United States (USA) | |
1879 Sep
187- |
Bahá'u'lláh moved to the empty mansion at Bahjí after two years' residence at Mazra`ih. [BBD42; BKG362]
Note: The date of Bahá'u'lláh's first arrival at the Mansion of Bahji is given as September 1879 in Bahá'u'lláh: The King of Glory, p. 362. However, in a Tablet dated 11 Rabí`u'l-Avval 1298 A.H. [11 February 1881], Bahá'u'lláh tells Núri'd- Dín that it had been only a month since He arrived at the Mansion; see Núri'd- Dín's Collection, p. 43. [Memories of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá by Mírzá Habíbu'lláh Afnán p32] |
* Bahá'u'lláh, Basic timeline; - Bahá'í World Centre; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Bahá'u'lláh, Houses of; Bahji, Israel; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Mazraih, Israel | |
1879 20 Jun
187- |
Mishkín-Qalam was given permission to move from Famagusta to Nicosia. [BBR307] | Cyprus; Famagusta, Cyprus; Mishkin-Qalam; Nicosia, Cyprus | |
1879 Summer
187- |
An epidemic of plague broke out in `Akká and environs. Among others who felt its effects were `Údí Khammár and his family who left the mansion at Bahjí. [BBD42, 128; BKG362; DH91, 203; GPB194] | Akka, Israel; Bahji, Israel; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Udi Khammar | |
1879 17 Mar
187- |
The martyrdom of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Hasan, the `King of Martyrs' (Sultánu'sh-Shuhadá), and Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn, the `Beloved of Martyrs'. [BW18:383]
|
- Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh; Iran; Isfahan, Iran; King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; Mir Muhammad-Husayn; Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs); Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir; Sultanush-Shuhada; Wolf; Zillus-Sultan | |
1879 12 Mar
187- |
The arrest of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Hasan, the `King of Martyrs', and Hájí Siyyid Muhammad-Husayn, the `Beloved of Martyrs'. [BBD 130] | King of Martyrs and Beloved of Martyrs; Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan (King of Martyrs); Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn (Beloved of Martyrs) | |
1879 (In the year)
187- |
`Abdu'l-Bahá traveled to Beirut at the invitation of Midhat Páshá, the Válí of Syria. [BKG378]
|
* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * Bahaullah (chronology); Beirut, Lebanon; Egypt; Lawh-i-Ard-i-Ba (Tablet of the Land of Ba); Lebanon; Midhat Páshá; Muhammad Abduh | |
c. 1879
187- |
Sárih Khánum, the faithful sister of Bahá'u'lláh, passed away in Tihrán. She was buried a short distance from the city. [RB1:49–50] | - Biography; - Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Bahá'u'lláh, Family of; Cemeteries and graves; Iran; Sarih Khanum; Tehran, Iran |
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