World Canada | |||
date | event | tags | firsts |
1939 31 Dec 193- |
Lady Sara Louisa Blomfield, entitled Sitárih Khánum, (b. 1859) passed away in London. She was buried in Hampstead Cemetery, Borough of Camden, London. [BW8:651; SEBW109]
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Lady Sarah Louisa Blomfield; - In Memoriam; London, England; United Kingdom | |
1939 30 Dec 193- |
The passing of Grace Crossman Krug (b. 1870 Brooklyn, d. 30 December 1939 Chester, NY). [Find a Grave]
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- In Memoriam; Grace Krug; Florian Krug; Carl Krug; Brooklyn, NY; New York, USA; Chester, NY | |
1939 24 Dec 193- |
Shoghi Effendi reinterred the remains of Navváb and the Purest Branch. [DH162; GBF116; GPB347–8]
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Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Tablets of Visitation; Monument Gardens (Haifa); * Bahá'í World Centre; Cemeteries and graves; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; Mount Carmel; * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1939 12 Dec 193- |
The Bahá'ís of Caracas, Venezuela, held their first Nineteen Day Feast and afterwards elected a 'Provisional Assembly'. | Local Spiritual Assembly; Caracas, Venezuela; Venezuela | first Nineteen Day Feast in Caracas, Venezuela |
1939 8 Dec 193- |
Margaret Lentz, a German stenographer, arrived in the Dominican Republic from Geneva, the first Bahá'í to settle in that country. | Margaret Lentz; Dominican Republic | first Bahá’í to settle in Dominican Republic |
1939 5 Dec 193- |
Shoghi Effendi disintered the remains of Navváb and the Purest Branch. [DH162; PP260]
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Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Monument Gardens (Haifa); Cemeteries and graves; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Akka, Israel; Mount Carmel | |
1939 3 Dec 193- |
Shoghi Effendi obtained permission from the British authorities in Palestine to reinter the bodies of Navváb and the Purest Branch on Mount Carmel. [DH162; PP260]
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Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Mount Carmel; Monument Gardens (Haifa); * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1939 (Late in the year) 193- |
Sr. Perfecto Perez Toledo, the first Cuban Bahá'í, accepted the Faith. | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Cuba | first Cuban Bahá’í |
1939 4 Nov 193- |
The first Nineteen Day Feast was held in San Salvador with four Bahá'ís in attendance. | Nineteen Day Feast; San Salvador, El Savador; El Salvador | first Nineteen Day Feast in San Salvador |
1939 2 Nov 193- |
The first people to become Bahá'ís in El Salvador, Luis O. Pérez, Emilio Bermudez and José Manuel Vela, accepted the Faith in San Salvador. | First Bahá'ís by country or area; San Salvador, El Savador; El Salvador | first to become Bahá’ís in El Salvador |
1939 1 Nov 193- |
Mathew Kaszab, arrived in Nicaragua, the first Bahá'í pioneer to that country.
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Mathew Kaszab; Nicaragua | first pioneer to Nicaragua |
1939 Nov 193- |
F. Ferrari became a Bahá'í, the first to accept the Faith in Honduras. | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Honduras | first to accept Faith in Honduras |
1939 25 Oct 193- |
John Eichenauer, the first pioneer to El Salvador, arrived in San Salvador from Phoenix, Arizona.
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John Eichenauer; San Salvador, El Savador; El Salvador; Phoenix, AZ; Arizona, USA; United States (USA) | first pioneer to El Salvador |
1939 1 Oct 193- |
The national Bahá'í office of the United States was established at 536 Sheridan Road, Wilmette, Illinois. [BW10:181]
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Horace Holley; Haziratul-Quds (Bahá'í centres); Wilmette, IL; United States (USA) | |
1939 Oct 193- |
Antonio Roca, the first Bahá'í in Honduras, entered the country. | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Honduras | first Bahá’í in Honduras |
1939 28 Sep 193- |
Martha Root, 'foremost Hand raised by Bahá'u'lláh', passed away in Honolulu. (b. 10 August,1872 Richwood Union County Ohio, USA) [BBD198–9; GPB388; MRHK486; PP105]
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Martha Root; * Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Hands appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi; Cemeteries and graves; - In Memoriam; Honolulu, HI; Hawaii, USA | |
1939 22 Sep 193- |
The State of Illinois issued the first Bahá'í marriage licence, authorizing the Spiritual Assembly of Chicago to solemnize Bahá'í marriages and issue Bahá'í marriage certificates. [GPB373] | Marriage; Weddings; Recognition (legal); Firsts, other; Illinois, USA; United States (USA) | first Bahá’í marriage licence |
1939 18 Sep 193- |
John and Rosa Shaw arrived in Kingston, Jamaica, from San Francisco, the first Bahá'ís to visit the country. | First travel teachers and pioneers; Kingston, ON; Jamaica | first to visit Jamaica |
1939 3 Sep 193- |
World War II began with Britain and France declaring war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. | World War II; History (general); War; - Europe; Germany; United Kingdom; France; Poland | |
1939 27 Aug 193- |
The first Bahá'í resident in Guatemala, Gerrard Sluter-Schlutius, arrived in the country from Toronto. [OBCC228] | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Guatemala | first resident in Guatemala |
1939 Aug 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the British Isles incorporated as an unlimited non-profit company under the Companies Act of 1929. GPB336 | National Spiritual Assembly of the United Kingdom; Incorporation; National Spiritual Assembly, recognition; Recognition (legal); United Kingdom; British Isles | |
1939 4 Jun 193- |
In a letter addressed to the National Spiritual Assembly of the British Isles written on behalf of the Guardian he urged them to
"appeal to the government for exemption from active military service in a combatant capacity, stressing the fact that in doing so they are not prompted by any selfish considerations but by the sole and supreme motive of upholding the Teachings of their Faith, which make it a moral obligation for them to desist from any act that would involve them in direct warfare with their fellow-humans or any other race or nation."
[UD128]
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Military (armed forces); Military; Weapons; War; United Kingdom | |
1939 18 May 193- |
Mathew Kaszab arrived in Panama and immediately launched a vigorous proclamation campaign through the press, radio and public talks. By October the first permanent pioneers, Louise Caswell and Cora Oliver, arrived along with John Eichenaur (enroute to El Salvador). [Historical Background of the Panama Temple by Ruth Pringle] | Mathew Kaszab; Louise Caswell; Cora Oliver; John Eichenauer; Panama | first pioneers in Panama |
1939 8 May 193- |
Philip and Laili June Marangella arrived in Cuba, the first Bahá'í pioneers to the country. | First travel teachers and pioneers; Cuba | first pioneers to Cuba |
1939 Ridván 193- |
The first Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Budapest was elected. There were about 14 believers in the community, mostly of Jewish ancestry. This caused difficulty for the community in the Nazi persecutions that followed. [Rebirth: Memoirs of Renée Szanto-Felbermann p108] According to the description of Renée Szántó-Felbermann, they could not even meet in Budapest: „It was at their (the Sugárs) house in Alag (today part of Budakeszi) that we elected the first Spiritual Assembly in the history of Hungary, Ridvan 1939. When we boarded the train for Alag, in order to avoid suspicion, we Bahá'ís did not remain together, but went by twos and threes. The same procedure was repeated on our arrival to Alag. It was a memorable, unforgettable evening, that Feast of Ridván in the small house at Alag fragrant with spring flowers. We were all deeply moved. And our dear Bertha Matthiesen was radiant. … Jenő Sugár was elected chairman, Mária Kleinberger became treasurer and I continued as secretary." [www.bahai.hu] |
Local Spiritual Assembly; World War II; War; Persecution, Hungary; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Jews; Budapest, Hungary; Hungary | First Spiritual Assembly in Budapest |
1939 Apr 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the British Isles incorporated after a long and difficult struggle. [BW8:161–2; UD127] | National Spiritual Assembly of the United Kingdom; National Spiritual Assembly, incorporation; Recognition (legal); United Kingdom; British Isles | |
1939 28 Feb 193- |
The passing of Louis Alphonse Daniel Nicolas, signing A.L.M. Nicolas , (b. March 27 , 1864 in Rasht, Iran) in Paris. He was an historian and French orientalist, official interpreter of the Legation French abroad, and France's consul general in Tabriz. After reading Gobineau's Trois ans en Asie, 1855-1858 he checked all the information Gobineau had written in his book, corrected some of it, and then began to translate the writings of the Báb. Attracted by this young doctrine, he converted to Bábism and thus became the first Western Bábí. He was the first to translate works of the Báb into French: The Arabic Bayán and the Persian Bayán, and wrote various works, including Seyyed Ali Mohamed dit le Báb (1905), an Essai sur le Chéikhisme (1911) and several articles in newspapers such as Review of the Muslim World. Nicolas became knight of the Legion of Honour in 1909.
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A.L.M. Nicolas; - In Memoriam; Births and deaths; * Translation; First believers; Nader Nasiri Moghaddam; Edith Sanderson; Rasht, Iran; Iran; Paris, France; France | the first Western Bábí; the first to translate a work of the Báb into French |
1939 21 Feb 193- |
Situation in Egypt: Background Information "riots which broke out with exceptional fury in Ismá'ílíyyih, when angry crowds surrounded the funeral cortege of Muhammad Sulaymán, a prominent Bahá'í resident of that town, creating such an uproar that the police had to intervene, and having rescued the body and brought it back to the home of the deceased, they were forced to carry it without escort, at night, to the edge of the desert and inter it in the wilderness." [GPB367-368] |
Lua Getsinger; Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani; Cairo, Egypt; Alexandria, Egypt; Port Said, Egypt; Ismailia, Egypt; Egypt | first Bahá'í cemetery |
1939 7 Feb 193- |
In a letter to the National Spiritual Assembly of India the Guardian encouraged the concept of expansion by settlement to which he applied the name "pioneering". [MSEIp179] | Pioneering; * Bahá'í World Centre | first known use of the term "pioneering" in official correspondence. |
1939 (In the year) 193- |
Emeric Sala gave a talk in Regina proclaiming the Faith for the first time in Saskatchewan. Regina is one of five cities he visited on this business trip. [TG104] | Emeric Sala; Regina, SK; Saskatchewan, Canada; Canada | first public mention of the Faith in Saskatchewan |
1939 (In the year) 193- |
Shoghi Effendi ordered twin monuments from Italy similar in style to that of the Greatest Holy Leaf and sought permission from the British authorities to reintere the remains of Navváb and the Purest Branch on Mount Carmel near those of Bahíyyih Khánum and the Holy Mother. Marble for the monuments came from Chiampo, Italy as for the Archives Building, the Shine of the Báb, the Seat of the Universal House of Justice, The Terraces project, and the Houses of Worship in India and Samoa. It was cut and chiseled by a firm called Margraf, formerly known as Industria Marmi Vincentini. [DH162; PP259] | Navvab (Asiyih Khanum); Mírzá Mihdi (Purest Branch); Mount Carmel; Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Monument Gardens (Haifa); * Bahá'í World Centre; Marble; Cemeteries and graves; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Margraf; * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1939 (In the year) 193- |
The first Bahá'í of Paraguay, Maria Casati, of Formosa, Paraguay, became a Bahá'í in Buenos Aires. | Maria Casati; Argentina | first Bahá’í of Paraguay |
1939 Date uncertain 193- |
Miss Janet Whitenack, relocated from New York to Alaska, became the first person to declare in Alaska. She had studied the Cause previously in New York. The young woman was a graduate of Syracuse University. [Bahá'í News No 131 November 1939 p4] | Fairbanks, AK; Alaska, USA | First Alaskan Baha'i |
1939 Date approximate 193- |
Honor Kempton opened a bookshop lending library, calling it "The Book Cache". [Bahá'í News No 131 November 1939 pg3] | Anchorage, AK; Alaska, USA | |
1939 (In the year) 193- |
Amelia Collins continued to support the spread of the religion in Iceland as she supported the publication of the first translation of Baháʼí literature, John Esslemont's Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era, in Icelandic in 1939. [CBN No 93 Oct 1957 p2Collins, Amelia: The Fulfilled Hope of 'Abdu'l-Bahá by Richard Francis] | Amelia Collins; * Publications; - Publishing; Iceland | |
1938 25 Dec 193- |
Shoghi Effendi addressed The Advent of Divine Justice, a book-length letter, to the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada. [ADJ; PG215]
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* Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Advent of Divine Justice (letter); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1938 27 Nov 193- |
In a letter to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the British Isles, Shoghi Effendi outlined the attitudes and obligations of Bahá'ís regarding military service. [BW17:384–5; UD122–3] | Military (armed forces); Military; Weapons; War; United Kingdom | |
1938 11 Nov 193- |
The passing of Pocahontas Kay (Grizzard) Pope (b. 1864 or 1865 Pocahontas Kay in Halifax County, NC, USA) in Hyattsville, Prince George's County, Maryland. She is buried in National Harmony Memorial Park Cemetery in Hyattsville, Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. Her original burial location fell into obscurity after 1960 when her grave, along with 37,00 others, was moved from Columbian Harmony Cemetery to National Harmony Memorial Park. None of the original markers was retained, rendering her grave essentially anonymous. The site of her grave was located thanks to the research efforts of local Bahá'ís. [Bahá'í Teachings; Find a grave]
On the 30th of April, 2018 the Bahá'ís of the Washington, DC Metro Area unveiled a grave marker for Pocahontas Pope, the city's first African American Bahá'í, in National Harmony Memorial Park. Another ceremony was held on the 19th of May to honour her. A history of her life and accomplishments was read and a monologue in her voice was performed. [DC Bahá'í Community website; Bahá'ís of the US website] Pocahontas Pope was employed by Alma Knobloch to help her as a seamstress in her dressmaking business. In 1906 she became a Bahá'í and wrote a letter of declaration to 'Abdu'l-Bahá. In His reply He wrote in part,
The complete Tablet can be found at Bahá'í Chronicles, In Alma Sedonia Knobloch p392 by Jennifer Redson Wiebers and in Aflame with Devotion p.67-68 by Judy Hannen Moe. From that point until at least 1918 she hosted talks in her home, and one of the people she led to the Faith was Alain Locke, "Father of the Harlem Renaissance" among many others who would go on to render service to the Cause. [ Bahá'ís of the US website] See as well The Bahá'í Faith in America Vol 2 p 225-226 by Robert Stockman, Alma Sedonia Knobloch p27-29, 33 by Jennifer Redson Wiebers. |
- In Memoriam; Pocahontas Pope; Hyattsville, Maryland; Maryland, USA; United States (USA); Washington, DC, USA; United States (USA) | First African American Baha'i in Washington, D.C. |
1938 Sep 193- |
The first Bahá'í summer school to be held in India took place in Simla. [BBRSM194; BW8:199] | Summer schools; First summer and winter schools; Shimla, India; Himachal Pradesh, India; India | first Bahá’í summer school held in India |
1938 25 Jul 193- |
The passing of Queen Marie of Romania. [BBD144; GPB395]
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Queen Marie of Romania; - In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Romania | |
1938 Jul 193- |
The first Finnish Bahá'í, Pastor Väinö Rissanen, accepted the Faith. He was taught by Miss Josephine Kruka [BW8:935; BW17:129]
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First Bahá'ís by country or area; Finland | first Finnish Bahá’í |
1938 June 193- |
In the June issue of Bahá'í News Shoghi Effendi recommended the translation of the Qur'an as done by Sales as being the best English translation. He said it was the most accurate rendering available, and it was the most widespread. [BN Issue 116 June 1938 p1] See also Recommendations Concerning Translations of the Qur'án and Introductory Books on the Bahá'í Faith by the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (2002), for guidance on more recent translations of the Qur'án. |
Quran; Quran translations | |
1938 1 May 193- |
The National Convention was held in Chicago. Those elected to the National Spiritual Assembly were: Dorothy Baker, Allen McDaniel, Horace Holley, Roy Wilhelm, George Latimer, Seigfried Schopflocher, Amelia Collins, Harlan Ober, and Charles Ioas. [BN Issue 116 June 1938 p4]
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Grace Robarts Ober; - In Memoriam; Dorothy Baker; Allen McDaniel; Horace Holley; Roy C. Wilhelm; George Latimer; Seigfried Schopflocher; Amelia Collins; Harlan Ober; Charles Ioas; Conventions, National; National Assembly, election of; Chicago, IL; United States (USA) | |
1938 30 Apr 193- |
Munírih Khánum, the Holy Mother, wife of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, passed away. [BBD166; BW8:260; CB358; DH161]
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Munirih Khanum; - In Memoriam; Monument Gardens (Haifa); Cemeteries and graves; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; * Bahá'í World Centre; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre; Mount Carmel | |
1938 30 Apr 193- |
The passing of Grace Robarts Ober (b.19 February, 1869 Ontario, Canada) in Wilmette, IL. She was buried at the Mount Pleasant Cemetery South Eliot, York County, Maine, USA
GRACE ROBARTS OBER was the aunt of John Robarts. She was introduced to the Cause by Lua Getzinger and Grace, at once, recognized Baha'u'llah and became a Baha'i in 1906. Grace met Harlon Ober when she was working at Lanier Camp on River Road in Eliot, Maine. He was at Green Acre. During the time of the visit of Àbdu'l-Bahá, Grace went with Lua to prepare a place for Àbdu'l-Bahá in Chicago and then, after subletting her cottage at Green Acre she made arrangements for His visit to New York City. It was the wish of Àbdu'l-Bahá that she marry Harlan Ober. Lua came to her to give her this news. She had only met Harlan a few times and was unprepared to contact him so Lua wrote to Harlan - and Harlan, radiant at the thought that he was obeying a suggestion of his beloved Master, took the next train to New York from Boston where he lived. He came at once to see Grace and together they went walking through Central Park where he proposed and Grace, still. dazed.and uncertain, accepted - because it was the will of Àbdu'l-Bahá. Grace and Harlan were married by Àbdu'l-Bahá at the home He was staying in in New York City. Later that same day they were married again by the laws of New York when Howard Colby Ives performed the legal ceremony. In 1938 Grace went on an extensive teaching trip through the Southern states. She had been very ill previous to this. The teaching trip ended in time for her to reach Wilmette and attend the Convention in the spring of 1938. It was a very radiant Convention and the report Grace gave of her teaching trip was one of the high points of it because Grace herself was so radiant and filled with the glory of the great privilege of teaching. She stood there, before the crowded hall in the Bahá'í House of Worship, filled with the great glory that shone from her and, closing her report, she uttered a tremendous clarion call for pioneers and for teachers. Then she walked down to resume her seat amongst the delegates but on her way she paused beside Harlan, who had just been reelected to our National Spiritual Assembly. "I want to congratulate you now" she whispered, "I may not have time later", They smiled at each other with the perfect understanding that had always existed between them. Then Grace slipped into her own seat. As she sat down her head drooped slightly and those glancing at her assumed she was lost in prayer. But when she made no movement for many moments someone touched her and realized something was wrong. Edris Rice-Wray and Katherine True both moved forward - and Grace was gone - gone through her Open Door - gone on her beautiful journey to the arms of Àbdu'l-Bahá. [Ref: Find a Grave] |
Grace Robarts Ober; Harlan Ober; Edris Rice-Wray; Katherine True | |
1938 27 Apr 193- |
In a message addressed to the Thirtieth National Convention the Guardian announced:
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* Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Alvah-i-Shaarat (Tablets of the Hair); Amelia Collins; Conventions; Conventions, National; Gifts; Hair (general); Relics; Chicago, IL; United States (USA) | |
1938 Ridván 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of India, (Pakistan) and Burma launched a Six Year Plan, the Indian Six Year Plan (1938-1944). [Ruhi 8.2 p46, BBRSM158; The Spiritual Conquest of the Planet (Supplement) p2]
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- Teaching Plans; - Teaching Plans, National; India, Pakistan and Burma Six Year Plan; India; Pakistan; Myanmar | |
1938 Apr 193- |
The first local spiritual assembly in the whole of Latin America was formed in Mexico City. [bahai.org;Wikipedia] | Local Spiritual Assembly; Mexico City, Mexico | first LSA in Latin America |
1938 15 Mar 193- |
Mary Virginia Thornburgh-Cropper (Maryam Khánum), the first Bahá'í of the British Isles, passed away in Kensington, London.
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Mary Virginia Thornburgh-Cropper; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; - In Memoriam; London, England; United Kingdom | first Bahá’í of British Isles |
1938 5 Feb 193- |
Bahá'ís in the Soviet Union were persecuted by the authorities. [BBR473, BW8p87-90, 179-81, BW14p479-481, SETPE1p155; YS6]
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Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Ishqabad; * Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Persecution, Russia; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Local Spiritual Assembly; Soviet Union; Russia; Caucasus; Turkestan; Ashgabat; Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Iran; Mashhad, Iran | |
1938 Jan 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of Australia and New Zealand incorporated. [GPB336] | National Spiritual Assembly of Australia; National Spiritual Assembly of New Zealand; National Spiritual Assembly, incorporation; Incorporation; Recognition (legal); Australia; New Zealand | |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
The Bahá'í Faith was banned in Austria. [SYH209] | Persecution, Austria; Austria | |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
Felix Maddela became the first Filipino Bahá'í. His first encounter with the Bahá'í Faith was in 1924 when a purchase he made was wrapped in a piece of old newspaper which contained an article by Martha Root about the religion and a picture of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. As the author's address did not appear in the article, it was another 14 years before he encountered more about the religion. In the early spring of 1937, Loulie Albee Mathews arrived in Manila on board the "Franconia." As the boat was to dock for only a few hours, she managed to place a few pamphlets in a college library on the shelf of comparative religions. A few months later, on a visit to Manila from Solano, Nueva Vizcaya, Mr. Maddela came across the literature. This started a series of correspondence with the Bahá'í Publishing Committee of the United States. With Madella so fired up, he immediately taught his family and friends. Shortly before World War II, the Bahá'í's of Solano numbered around fifty. When war broke out all communications ceased. Immediately after the war, contact was re-established thru Alvin Blum, who was attached to the medical unit of the United States Army. Hitch-hiking to Solano, which was in ruins, he located the Maddelas living in impoverished conditions. Of the fifty enrolled Bahá'í's, twenty-five had been killed or were missing. The others had survived by hiding in rice fields for three years.
[WikipediaThe Bahá'í Faith in the Philippines]
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Felix Maddela; Loulie A. Mathews; Alvin Blum; Jamal Effendi; Martha Root; Siegfried Schopflocher; Manila, Philippines; Solano, Nueva Vizcaya; Philippines | first Filipino Bahá’í |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, a compilation of the communications to the North American Bahá'í community between 1929 and 1936. "These...communications unfold a clear vision of the relation between the Bahá'í community and the entire process of social evolution under the Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh." [WOBv; Collins5.145]
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World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book); Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh (letter); World order; * Publications; * Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Peace; World peace; Shoghi Effendi, Works of | |
1938 - 1939 193- |
Shoghi Effendi disbanded the Haifa Spiritual Assembly which had been in operation since 1922, and sent the local community away. The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine made local conditions dangerous with the Arab nationalist contending with the threat of the apparent open-ended Jewish immigration and land purchases and the stated goal of establishing a "Jewish National Home". Perhaps another factor in his decision was the impending war in Europe. [PP348]
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Haifa Spiritual Assembly (1922-1938); Local Spiritual Assembly; Haifa News Letter; - Newsletters; Haifa, Israel | |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of Prayers and Meditations of Bahá'u'lláh. [P&M; Collins1.100]
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Prayers and Meditations of Bahá'u'lláh (book); * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Prayer; Meditation; Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; * Translation; * Publications; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
Shoghi Effendi remained in Europe for the year owing to terrorist activities in Palestine. [PP219]
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* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Shoghi Effendi, Travels of; History (general); - Europe; Palestine | |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
The first Bahá'í to be resident in Finland, Aminda Josephine Kruka, an American nurse, arrived in the country. | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Finland | first Bahá’í resident Finland |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
The first native person to become a Bahá'í in Canada, Melba Loft (née Whetung), a Chippewa, accepted the Faith. | Melba Loft; Canada | first native to become Bahá’í in Canada |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
William DeForge became the first Bahá'í to visit the Dominican Republic. He made a one-day trip from Puerto Rico. | First Bahá'ís by country or area; Dominican Republic; Central America | first Bahá’í visits the Dominican Republic |
1938 (In the year) 193- |
Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran continued throughout the country. [BW18p389]
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Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Iran; Tehran, Iran; Kirmánsháh, Iran; Záhidán, Iran; Mashhad, Iran | |
1938 to 1955 193- |
The fourth Trustee of the Huqúqu'lláh was Jináb-i-Valíyu'lláh Varqá, the third son of Varqá the martyr. He was born in Tabriz and after the death of his father and brother he was raised by his grandmother, a fanatical Muslim. At the age of 16 his uncle removed him from the home and taught him the Faith. He attended the American University at Beirut and spent summers with 'Abdu'l-Bahá and accompanied the Master to America and served as His interpreter. He returned to Iran where he served on local and national assemblies and was made a Trustee of the Huqúqu'lláh in 1938 at a time when the observance of the law spread throughout Iran. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 25 March, 1985]
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Varqa, Valiyullah; Huqúqu'lláh; Huququllah, Trustees of; * Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; Hands of the Cause, Activities; American University of Beirut; Varqa; Tübingen, Germany; Germany; Tabríz, Iran; Iran; Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanon; Akka, Israel | |
1937 20 Dec 193- |
Mírzá Ḥusayn-'Alíy-i-Jahrumí represented the arch-breaker of the Covenant, Mírzá Muhammad-'Ali, in Persia. Mírzá Ḥusayn-i-Shírázíy-i-Khurṭúmí represented the arch-breaker of the Covenant in India. Ḥájí Muḥammad-Ḥusayn-i-Káshání represented him in Egypt. [GPB318] |
Covenant-breaking; Mírzá Husayn-`Alíy-i-Jahrumí; Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí; Mírzá Husayn-i-Shiraziy-i-Khurtumi; Hájí Muhammad-Husayn-i-Kashani; Iran; Egypt; India | |
1937 20 Dec 193- |
Muhammad-'Alí, half-brother of 'Abdu'l-Bahá and Arch-breaker of the Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh, died. [CB355; GPB320; MA11] During Bahá'u'lláh's ministry, Mírzá Muhammad-`Alí was known by the title Ghusn-i-Akbar (the Greater Branch). After he broke the Covenant, believers referred to him as the Naqid-i-Akbar (the Arch-Covenant-breaker). "The Hand of Omnipotence has removed the archbreaker of Bahá'u'lláh's Covenant, his hopes shattered, his plottings frustrated, the society of his fellow-conspirators extinguished. God's triumphant Faith forges on, its unity unimpaired, its purpose unsullied, its stability unshaken. Such a death calls for neither exultation nor recrimination, but evokes overwhelming pity at so tragic a downfall unparalleled in religious history." [Cablegram December 20, 1937 MA11) This perfidious man, consumed by a "soul festering jealousy" toward Abdu'l-Baha, behaved in a way that "…agitated the minds and hearts of a vast proportion of the faithful throughout the East, eclipsed, for a time, the Orb of the Covenant, created an irreparable breach within the ranks of Bahá'u'lláh's own kindred, sealed ultimately the fate of the great majority of the members of His family, and gravely damaged the prestige, though it never succeeded in causing a permanent cleavage in the structure, of the Faith itself." [GPB246] He had changed the text of at least one tablet of Bahá'u'lláh to make it appear that Bahá'u'lláh was condemning the wicked deeds of'Abdu'l-Bahá. He plotted to murder 'Abdu'l-Bahá. He made repeated false allegations about 'Abdu'l-Bahá to the Ottoman authorities so that the Master came perilously closed to being exiled to a remote part of the Libyan desert. In addition, from 1892 to 1929, Muhammad Ali and his relatives occupied the mansion of Bahji, where Bahá'u'lláh's tomb was located, and it was not until 1952 that the property surrounding the Shrine was finally owned, without hindrance, by the Bahá'í community. [CoB153; PP231-233] He "was stricken with paralysis which crippled half his body; lay bedridden in pain for months before he died; and was buried according to Muslim rites, in the immediate vicinity of a local Muslim shrine, his grave remaining until the present day (1944) devoid of even a tombstone—a pitiful reminder of the hollowness of the claims he had advanced, of the depths of infamy to which he had sunk, and of the severity of the retribution his acts had so richly merited." [GPB319-320] |
Muhammad-`Alí; Covenant-breaking; Births and deaths; Akka, Israel | |
1937 Dec 193- |
The writing of Episodes in the History of the Covenant by Shoghi Effendi originally written as "Waqáy-i-Tárikhiyyih dar 'Ahd wa Mitháq-i-Iláhi" for the friends in Iran. In 1997 it was translated by Khazeh Fananapazir and edited by Mehdi Wolf. [Episodes in the History of the Covenant] | Covenant; Covenant-breaking; * Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre; Iran | |
1937 Jul 193- |
Nine Bahá'ís were imprisoned in Sangsar, Khurásán, Iran, for closing their shops on Bahá'í holy days. [BW18:389]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Holy days; Sangesar, Iran; Khurásán, Iran; Iran | |
1937 Jun 193- |
Martha Root made her final trip to China, arriving in Shanghai from Japan. She was evacuated on the 14th of August because Shanghai was under bombardment from the Japanese forces. From there she sailed to the Philippines, arriving in Manila on the 20th of August. [PH41; Film Early History of the Baha'í Faith in China 25 min 46 sec ] | Martha Root; Shanghai, China | |
1937 21 May 193- |
All Bahá'í activities and institutions were banned in Germany by a special order of the Reichsführer SS and the Gestapo Chief of Staff Heinrich Himmler when he banned the Bahá'í Faith in Germany. He blamed it on the religion's "international and pacifist tendencies." The Nazi government increasingly targeted the Bahá'ís after Himmler's edict, first by tearing down the public memorial to 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Bad Mergntheim and then, in 1939, making mass arrests of the former members of the National Spiritual Assembly. Bahá'ís went to jail, some for very long periods, without charges. In 1942, more mass arrests occurred. Many of the Bahá'ís from Germany and the surrounding countries disappeared in the Nazi concentration camp system.
[BBRSM185; Bahá'í Teachings; German Bahá'í website archives; The German Baha'i Community under National Socialism p19]]
The wave of nationalism, so aggressive and so contagious in its effects, which has swept not only over Europe but over a large part of mankind is, indeed, the very negation of the gospel of peace and of brotherhood proclaimed by Bahá'u'lláh. The actual trend in the political world is, indeed, far from being in the direction of the Bahá'í teachings. The world is drawing nearer and nearer to a universal catastrophe which will mark the end of a bankrupt and of a fundamentally defective civilization.[LDG1p55] |
Persecution, Germany; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution, Court cases; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Court cases; World War II; Germany | |
1937 2 May 193- |
The Yerrinbool Bahá'í School (originally known as 'Bolton Place') was officially opened in Australia. [Yerrinbool Bahá'í School 1938 - 1988: An Account of the First Fifty Years by Graham Hassall; Yerrinbool Bahá'í School and the Australian Bahá'í Community by Fazel Naghdy]
|
Yerrinbool Bahá'í School; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Yerrinbool, New South Wales; Australia | |
1937 May 193- |
Several prominent Bahá'ís were arrested in Yazd. [BW18:389]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Deaths; - Persecution; Yazd, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1937 in May 193- |
At the suggestion of the Guardian, this National Assembly requested ‘Abdu’l-Ḥamíd Effendi Ibrahim, an Alexandria believer and one of those three Bahá’ís who served the Cause in Ethiopia, to proceed to the Sudan and establish a permanent residence there. He reached Khartúm, the capital, in May, 1937, and opened a tailor shop. [BW7 p156] | Sudan; Khartum, Sudan | |
1937 May 193- |
Fred Schopflocher contributed and additional $100,000 (see 16 March, 1929) to the goal of $350,000 to complete the exterior ornamentation of the House of Worship. For his dedication to the construction the Guardian designated him as "Chief Temple Builder". [LoF 388-390, BW12p664] | Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; Fred Schopflocher; Funds; Wilmette, IL; United States (USA) | |
1937 Ridván 193- |
The First Seven Year Plan (1937-1944) was launched in North America. [BBD180; BBRSM158; BW7:17–18; MA9, 11-12, 87]
|
Seven Year Plan, US and CA (1937-1944); - Teaching Plans; - Teaching Plans, National; LSA; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; Ages and Epochs; Tablets of the Divine Plan; United States (USA); Canada | |
1921 - 1937 193- |
In the period from the inception of the Guardianship to 1937 Shoghi Effendi laid the foundation of the World Order of Bahá'u'lláh in conformity with the Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Some of the major accomplishments were:
|
* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book); * Administrative Order; * Administration; Local Spiritual Assemblies; National Spiritual Assemblies | |
1937 11 Apr 193- |
The passing of Dr. Zíá Bagdádí (b. February 9, 1882, Beirut, Lebanon) in Augusta, Georgia. He was buried in Westover Memorial Park, Augusta, Georgia.
|
- In Memoriam; Zia Bagdadi; Bagdadi family (Baghdadi family); Star of the West; Zeenat Khanum; Hasan Aqa Tabrizi; Fatimih Khanum; `Alí Nakhjavání; House of `Abdu'lláh Páshá (Akká); American University of Beirut; Restoration; Augusta, GA; United States (USA); Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanon; Montreal, QC; Canada | |
1937 25 Mar 193- |
Shoghi Effendi married Mary Maxwell, Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum. [PP151; UD115; BN No107 April 1937 p1]]
|
* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Interracial marriage; Gifts; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Haifa, Israel | |
1937 2 Feb 193- |
The passing of Mary Hanford Finney Ford (b. 1 November, 1856, in Meadville, PA) in Clearwater, FL. She was buried at the Forest Hill Cemetery in Kansas City, MI.
|
Mary Hanford Ford; - In Memoriam; Meadville, PA; Clearwater, FL; United States (USA) | |
14 Jan 193- |
Louis and Louise Gregory sailed to Haiti with the assignment to introduce the Faith to prominent Haitians. Although they met with success they were not able to extend their stay.. They were watched by the authorities and undermined by a "high ecclesiastical authority". They were denied permission to hold meetings so they left the country on the 10th of April and returned home via Kingston, Jamaica. [SYH218, 242; TMW246-251]
|
Louise Gregory; Louis G. Gregory; Persecution, Haiti; Haiti | |
1937 (In the year) 193- |
The marriage of Ruth Browne and Ellsworth Blackwell in Chicago. Theirs was the second United States inter-racial Bahá'í marriage. [from White and Negro Alike. Stories of Baha'i Pioneers Ellsworth and Ruth Blackwell]
In a cablegram, in 1939, the Guardian asked American Bahá'ís, "White and Negro alike," to arise and move to foreign lands, especially to countries in the Caribbean and in Central America. Ellsworth and Ruth Blackwell volunteered to give up jobs and leave their home in Chicago and go where the need was greatest. In 1940, they were the first Bahá'í pioneers to move to Haiti, where they spent more than half of the next thirty-five years. Here are stories, many told in their own words, of the victories, as well as the challenges, they experienced in Haiti and in periods when they returned to Chicago between 1940 and 1975. |
Ruth Browne; Ruth Blackwell; Ellsworth Blackwell; Marriage; Interracial marriage; Chicago, IL | |
1937 (In the year) 193- |
Mrs Mabel Ives made an extended trip to Moncton, New Brunswick to teach the Faith. She was assisted by Rosemary Sala of St. Lambert. [TG102, 108] | Travel Teaching; Mabel Rice-Wray Ives; Rosemary Sala; Moncton, NB; New Brunswick, Canada; Canada | |
1937 (In the year) 193- |
The persecution of the Bahá'ís in Iran continued throughout the country. [BW18p389]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; LSA; Holy days; Iran; Ahvaz, Iran; Bandar Shah, Iran; Kirmánsháh, Iran; Bírjand, Iran; Arak, Iran; Cham-tang, Iran | |
1937 (In the year) 193- |
The British Bahá'í Publishing Trust was founded. [BBRSM184; BW9:32; GT138–42] | - Publishing Trusts; United Kingdom | |
1936 31 Dec 193- |
Khusraw Bimán (Thábit) passed away in Bombay at the age of 103 or 104. [Imm:56]
|
Khusraw Biman; - In Memoriam; First believers by background; - Zoroastrianism; Conversion; Mumbai, India; India | first Zoroastrian to accept the Faith in India |
1936 Nov 193- |
Renée Szanto-Felbermann became a Bahá'í, the first to accept the Faith in Hungary. She was considered the first person to accept the Faith by some notwithstanding the events of 1913. [BW19:633]
|
First Bahá'ís by country or area; Arminius Vambery; Hungary; Budapest, Hungary | first to accept Bahá'í Faith in Hungary |
1936 (Fall) 193- |
Lorol Schopflocher departed for Europe to do teaching work in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, England, France and Geneva, Switzerland. [BN No107 April 1937 p2] | Travel Teaching; Lorol Schopflocher; Sweden; Norway; Denmark; United Kingdom; France; Geneva, Switzerland; Switzerland | |
1936 (Latter half of the year) 193- |
Mrs Randolph Bolles and her daughter Jeanne, two American Bahá'ís, (aunt and cousin of Mary Maxwell respectively), were sent to Budapest by Shoghi Effendi to open Hungary to the Faith. At the time of their departure there were seven Bahá'ís in Budapest, mostly of Jewish background. [Rebirth: Memoirs of Renée Szanto-Felbermann p103-5] | First travel teachers and pioneers; Budapest, Hungary; Hungary | |
1936 3–16 Jul 193- |
The World Congress of Faiths was held in London under the auspices of the World Fellowship of Faiths. [GPB342; GT123]
|
World Congress of Faiths; Francis Younghusband; George Townshend; Interfaith dialogue; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); London, England; United Kingdom | |
1936 1 Jul 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada appointed the first Inter-America Committee, beginning an organized and coordinated effort to establish the Faith in the Republics of Central and South America. [BW10:181] | National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada; United States (USA) | first Inter-America Committee |
1936 (Summer) 193- |
While on a a cruise, on the way to Norway, Mrs French made a stop in Iceland where she distributed some Bahá'í literature. [BN No 104 December 1936 p8] | Travel Teaching; Teaching; Mrs French; Reykjavik, Iceland; Iceland | |
1936 Jul 193- |
Following on the success of the initial Race Amity conferences in Washington, DC, the National Spiritual Assembly formed a racial amity committee. For a list of the committees complete with membership from 1921 until 1932 see The Bahá'í 'Race Amity' Movement and the Black Intelligentsia in Jim Crow America: Alain Locke and Robert Abbot by Christoper Buck. [Bahá'í Studies Review 17, 2011, 3–46] |
Race; Race amity; Race unity; Conferences, Race Amity; Unity; National Spiritual Assembly; United States (USA) | |
1936 summer 193- |
Britain held its first Bahá'í summer school. [GT137; UD109] | First summer and winter schools; Summer schools; United Kingdom | first British Bahá’í summer school |
1936 Jun 193- |
The persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran continued. [BW18p389]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Holy days; Iran; Bandar Shah, Iran | |
1936 Feb 193- |
Martha Root met with Queen Marie of Romania for the eighth and last time. [MRHK413] | Martha Root; Queen Marie of Romania; Romania | |
1936 (In the year) 193- |
The Seven Valleys was published in revised translation by Ali Kuli Khan by the US Bahá'í Publishing Committee. A later revision by Khan and Marzieh Gail was published in 1945. [Collins1.113; About the Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys; Collins1.114]
|
Haft Vadi (Seven Valleys); Chahar Vadi (Four Valleys); `Alí Kulí Khán; Marzieh Gail; Call of the Divine Beloved (book); United States (USA) | |
1936 (In the year) 193- |
The National Assembly of Australia and New Zealand first issued its news organ, the Bahá'í Quarterly. | National Spiritual Assembly; Australia; New Zealand | first publication Bahá’í Quarterly |
1936 (In the year) 193- |
The first woman was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of India, Shirin Fozdar. | Shirin Fozdar; Women; NSA; Firsts, other; India | first woman elected to NSA India |
1936 (In the year) 193- |
Mr E. R. and Mrs Loulie Mathews arrived in Guatemala, the first Bahá'í teachers to visit the country. | E. R. Mathews; Loulie A. Mathews; Travel Teaching; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Guatemala | first Bahá’í teachers to visit Guatemala |
1936 (In the year) 193- |
The Bahá'í Journal was instituted in England. [United Kingdom: History of the Bahá'í Faith by Moojan Momen. | Bahá'í Journal; United Kingdom | |
1936 (In the year) 193- |
Because the Bahá'í teachings were considered "international and pacifist" the Nazi close the Bahá'í summer school in Esslingen. [SYH208] | Persecution, Germany; Germany | |
1936 (In the Year) 193- |
The publication of Massacres de Babis en Perse by A.L.M. Nicolas. | A.L.M. Nicolas; Massacres de Bábís en Perse; * Publications; Paris, France; France | |
1935 24 Nov 193- |
The passing of Dr. Howard Luxmoore Carpenter (b. 1906, d. 24 November 1935). He was buried at the Sunset View Cemetery in El Cerrito, California. [Find a grave]
Next to the late Mrs. Ransom-Kehler he may, indeed, be well considered as the foremost American believer who has, in the last few years, been assisted in rendering invaluable help to the Persian believers in their efforts for the establishment of the Administration in their country… .["Uncompiled Published Letters"] |
- In Memoriam; Howard Carpenter; Marzieh Gail; Marion Jack; Refo Capari; Keith Ransom-Kehler; Rahmat Alai; Berkeley, CA; United States (USA); Budapest, Hungary; Hungary; Belgrade, Serbia; Serbia; Sofia, Bulgaria; Bulgaria; Tirana, Albania; Albania; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1935 Oct 193- |
Shoghi Effendi wrote to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States and Canada stating that the laws of fasting, obligatory prayer, the consent of parents before marriage, the avoidance of alcoholic drinks and monogamy should be regarded as universally applicable and binding. [CB313] iiiii | Laws; - Gradual implementation of laws; Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); - Basic timeline, Expanded; Obligatory prayer; Alcohol; United States (USA); Canada | |
1935 Sep or Oct 193- |
Louise Gregory returned to Europe for her last teaching trip on that continent. Over the Christmas period she had a month-long visit from Martha Root who subsequently went on to Sofia to assist Marion Jack.
|
Louise Gregory; Martha Root; Belgrade, Serbia; Yugoslavia | |
1935 20 Sep 193- |
The passing of Jinab-i-Fádil-i-Shírází (Shaykh Muhammad Ibráhim) (b.1863) in Tehran. [ARG109, M9YA418, 433]
|
Fadil-i-Shirazi (Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim); - In Memoriam; Houri Falahi-Skuce; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1935 Aug 193- |
Mary Maxell pioneered to Germany. Her first meeting with the Bahá'ís was at the Esslingen Summer School. [WMSH45] | Mary Maxwell; Pioneer; Germany | |
1935 12 Jul - 8 Aug 193- |
When Martha Root landed in Iceland in 1935 she immediately made contact with Hólmfríôur Árnadóttir, with whom Amelia Collins had struck up a friendship during her short visit in 1924. The following year Hólmfríôur had visited Milly and stayed in her home for nine days while she was attending an International Congress at Columbia University. The two had also exchanged notes of greeting over the decade since that time.
Hólmfríôur facilitated Martha's teaching efforts with her knowledge of the language and local contacts. During her stay in Iceland she gave lectures and did radio interviews. In one of her radio appearances she did a review of Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era and left copies of this book in the libraries. The first ever article on the Bahá'í Faith in the Icelandic language was published in a newspaper. An editor interviewed her for an article and wrote another explaining the basics of the Faith. As she usually did, Martha made contact with the Theosophists and the Esperanto Society and presented a lecture in Esperanto. [The Soul of Iceland-A Bahá'í Saga by Martha Root; BW6p684] |
Travel Teaching; Teaching; Martha Root; Holmfriour Arnadottir; Millie Collins; Amelia Collins; Reykjavik, Iceland; Iceland | |
1935 Jul 193- |
Shoghi Effendi asked the Bahá'ís to withdraw from church membership. [BBRSM146, 221; BW6:198; SBBH1:201] | Membership of other organizations; Membership | |
1935 Jul 193- |
The Archives Committee of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada made an appeal to collect all of the Tablets sent by 'Abdu'l-Bahá to those western believers who had been designated Disciples of 'Abdu'l-Bahá by Shoghi Effendi.
Dr. J. E. Esslemont, Mr; Thornton Chase, Mr. Howard MacNutt, Miss Sarah Farmer, M. Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney, Miss Lillian Kappes', Mr. Robert Turner, Dr. Arthur Brauns, Mr. W. H. Randall, Mrs. Lua M. Getzinger, Mr. Joseph Hannen Mr. C. I. Thacher, Mr. Charles Greenleaf, Mrs. J. D. Brittingham, Mrs. Thornburgh, Mrs. Helen S. Goodall, Mr. Arthur P. Dodge, Mr. William H. Hoar, Dr. J. G. Augur. [BW3p84] |
- Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; United States (USA) | |
1935 07 May 193- |
In response to a letter from a very successful National Convention in Germany the Guardian called the German community the standard bearers of the Faith of Bahá'u'lláh in the continent of Europe. [LDG72] | Germany | |
1935 Mar 193- |
World Order magazine was founded. [SBR236; BWNS1289]
|
World Order magazine; - Periodicals; - First publications; * Publications; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); United States (USA) | first publication World Order magazine |
1935 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. [Gleanings; Collins1.37]
|
Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; * Translation; * Publications; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1935 (In the year) 193- |
The persecution against the Bahá'ís in Iran continued. [BW18p389]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Local Spiritual Assembly; Iran; Tehran, Iran; Bandar Shah, Iran; Arak, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Záhidán, Iran | |
1935 (In the year) 193- |
Husayn Uskuli, a Bahá'í resident in Shanghai, traveled to Taiwan, the first Bahá'í known to visit the island. [PH28; The Taiwan Bahá'í Chronicle by Barbara R. Sims p3] | Husayn Uskuli; First Bahá'ís by country or area; Taiwan | first Bahá’í known to visit Taiwan |
1934 6 Dec 193- |
The Tarbíyat Bahá'í Schools in Tihrán and all other Bahá'í schools across the country were closed by order of the Minister of Education (headed by 'Ali-Asghar-i-Hikmat, a well-known Azali) when they failed to open on a holy day. [BBD221–2; BW18:389; CB312; GPB363; PP308; RoB4p313; BN No 97 January 1936 p1]
|
Tarbiyat School, Tihran; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Holy days; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Azali Bábís; Social and economic development; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1934 Dec 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of Egypt and the Sudan incorporated. [GPB336; BN No 321 November 1957 p4,/a<]
|
National Spiritual Assembly, incorporation; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Egypt; Sudan | first NSA in Islamic country to secure civil recognition and the status of an independent religion |
1934 25 Nov 193- |
The first Spiritual Assembly of Addis Ababa was formed. [BW6:70]
|
Local Spiritual Assembly; Sabri Elias; Fahima Elias; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopia | first LSA Addis Ababa; first African to take the Faith to another African country. |
1934 8 Nov 193- |
There were ten Bahá'ís in Addis Ababa when the first LSA was elected. Its members were Atto Sium Gabril-ch, Atto Haila Gabril-vc, Habib Boutros, Sabri Elias-sec, Edouard Goubran, El-Saad Said, E-saad Mansour, Abdu'llahi ahmed, and Aurahil Egsabaihir.
|
Local Spiritual Assembly, incorporation; LSA, formation; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopia | first incorporated LSA in Africa |
1934 23 Oct 193- |
Dr Susan Moody (b. Amsterdam, NY 20 November 1851) passed away in Iran. She had become a Bahá'í in May 1903 as a result of an intense study of the Faith with Isabella Brittingham. [BFA2:359, 361]
|
Susan Moody; Lillian Kappes; Sarah Clock; - In Memoriam; Elizabeth Stewart; Cemeteries and graves; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1934 20 Oct 193- |
The publication of the dictionary used by the Guardian.
In a message from the Universal House of Justice to a department at the World Centre, Amatu'l-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum is quoted as saying:
|
Shoghi Effendi, Dictionary of; Webster's Dictionary; - Dictionaries; * Translation; - English language; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre; London, England | |
1934 28 Aug 193- |
Mishkín-Qalam's calligraphic rendering of the Greatest Name was registered as a trademark with the United States patent office. [BW6:350] | Mishkin-Qalam; Greatest Name; United States Patent Office; Copyright and trademarks; United States (USA) | |
1934 Jul 193- |
The formation of a Spiritual Assembly, the first in the Balkans, elected in Sofia in July, 1934 by a community of thirty or more. [BW6p133 NBAD138] | Local Spiritual Assembly, formation; Sofia, Bulgaria; Bulgaria | The first Local Spiritual Assembly in the Balkans. The first Local Spiritual Assembly in Sofia. |
1934 15–18 May 193- |
The first National Convention of the Bahá'ís of Australia and New Zealand was held in Sydney, with nine delegates in attendance. [SBR165]
|
Conventions, National; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; First conventions; Sydney, Australia; Australia; New Zealand | first National Convention Australia and New Zealand; first NSA Australia and New Zealand |
1934 10 May 193- |
Bahá'í properties on Mount Carmel were granted tax exemption. [GBF122; PP269, 285-286; BN No 84 June 1934 p14]
|
Tax exemption; Recognition (legal); Mount Carmel; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; * Bahá'í World Centre; Haifa, Israel; Israel | |
1934 26 Apr 193- |
The first national convention of the Bahá'ís of Iran was held in Tehran over a period of eight days. The social and religious affairs of the national community prior to this time had been directed by the former Central Assembly of Tehran. Following the formation of the National Spiritual Assembly, the by-laws of the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States were translated into Persian and adopted with modifications. Also, national committees were appointed to help the National Spiritual Assembly with specific tasks.
[GPB333; BW6p22-23; WOB99; BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati]
|
By-laws; Conventions, National; Central Assembly of Tehran; National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Tehran, Iran; Iran; National Spiritual Assembly, Iran | first National Convention in Iran |
1934 3rd week Mar 193- |
Martha Root arrived in Athens to oversee the work of translating and publishing Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era in Greek with the translator, Dionysios Devaris, the editor of an Athens newspaper. [MR401] | Martha Root; * Translation; Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (book); Athens, Greece; Greece | |
1934 14 Mar 193- |
Louise Gregory arrived in Belgrade to join Martha Root in the teaching work. Their overlap lasted until the 25th of March when Martha left for Athens. [SYH186-187]
|
Louise Gregory; Martha Root; Draga Ili?; Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (book); * Language; * Translation; Charles Bishop; Helen Bishop; Belgrade, Serbia; Yugoslavia; Salzburg, Germany; Munich, Germany; Germany | first pioneer in Yugoslavia |
1934 23 Jan 193- |
Agnes S. Parsons died after an automobile accident. [BW5:410; SBR96; BN No 82 April 1934 p4]
|
Agnes Parsons; Race; Unity; - In Memoriam; Washington, DC, USA; United States (USA) | |
1934 23 Jan 193- |
Shoghi Effendi gave Queen Marie of Romania the gift of a Tablet in the handwriting of Bahá'u'lláh. [GBF50; PP116] | * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Queen Marie of Romania; Gifts; Manuscripts; * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Romania | |
1934 (In the year) 193- |
In Egypt, a certain learned Shaykh el Kharashi attacked the Faith in a series of articles under the heading, "The Bahá'í Faith Is a Pleasing Illusion". 'Abdu'l-Jalíl Bey Sa'ad refuted his arguments with a series of fourteen articles under the heading "The Bahá'í Faith Is an Everlasting Truth". Having failed to counter 'Abdu'l-Jalíl's arguments the Shaykh and his associates appealed to the authorities to stop his articles on the grounds that they were anti-Muhammadan. The matter was raised to the Minister and then to Parliament where both parties were asked to stop publication. 'Abdu'l-Jalíl was transferred to a remote part of the country where, it was hoped that he would not be able to resume his activities. [BW9p598] | Criticism and apologetics; `Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Saad; Egypt | |
1934 (In the year) 193- |
The Declaration of Trust was legalized in Egypt as a result of the work of Montfort Mills and 'Abdu'l-Jalíl Bey Sa'ad. This greatly facilitated future transactions with the Government. [BW9p598] | Montfort Mills; `Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Saad; Declaration of Trust and By-laws; Egypt | |
1934 (In the year) 193- |
The government of Iran took several measures against the Bahá'ís throughout the country. [BW18p389]
|
Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Education; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Tarbiyat School, Tihran; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Iran; Kashan, Iran; Qazvin, Iran; Yazd, Iran; Najaf, Iranabad, Iran; Ábádih, Iran; Tehran, Iran; Mashhad, Iran; Sabzevár, Iran; Arak, Iran; Hamadán, Iran; Záhidán, Iran | |
1934 (In the year) 193- |
The first National Spiritual Assembly of Iran was elected. [BBRSM:121; BW6:268]
|
National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Iran; National Spiritual Assembly, Iran | first NSA Iran |
1933 (Near the end of the year) 193- |
Mr Sabri Effendi Elias had come to Ethiopia from Alexandria in Egypt at the behest of the National Spiritual Assembly who had been asked by Shoghi Effendi to send a pioneer to that country. He printed one thousand pamphlets in Amharic, and translated Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era. The same work was later printed in Abyssinian.
|
Ethiopia; - Knights of Bahá'u'lláh | |
1933 23 Oct-4 Nov 193- |
The 24th session of the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations was held in Geneva at which the case of the possession of the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád was again raised. [BW5:354–5] | League of Nations; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Geneva, Switzerland; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1933 23 Oct 193- |
Keith Ransom-Kehler died of smallpox in Isfahán after a year of intensive travel around Iran. [BW5:24, 398; BN No 80 January 1934 p11]
|
Keith Ransom-Kehler; * Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; - In Memoriam; Hands appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Cemeteries and graves; Names and titles; Firsts, other; Isfahan, Iran; Iran | first American martyr |
1933 9 or 13 Sep (or possibly mid-November) 193- |
Louise Gregory sailed from Boston to Europe on the SS Sinai. She spent some time in Salzburg and met with Miss Steffi Fürth whom she had met a year earlier. She had become, perhaps, the first believer in Salzburg [SYH180-181]
|
Louise Gregory; Steffi Fürth; Martha Root; Salzburg, Germany; Varna, Bulgaria; Belgrade, Serbia; Yugoslavia | the first believer in Salzburg |
1933 21 Apr 193- |
In his letter titled "America and the Most Great Peace written this day, Shoghi Effendi described the progress of the growth of the Faith in America as falling into four distinct periods:
"In 1933 he gave the North American Bahá'ís America and the Most Great Peace, which dealt largely with the role this part of the world has been destined by God to play during this period in history, recalled the self-sacrificing journeys and services of the Master in the West and recapitulated the victories already won for the Faith by this favoured Community." [PP213] "In America and the Most Great Peace written in 1933, Shoghi Effendi states America's position in unmistakable terms: out of the anguish following the Master's passing, he wrote, "the Administration of Bahá'u'lláh's invincible Faith was born". The ascension of 'Abdu'l-Bahá released "potent energies" which "crystallized into this supreme, this infallible Organ for the accomplishment of a Divine Purpose." The Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá had set forth its character and provisions, America had espoused the cause of the Administration: "It was given to her, and to her alone,...to become the fearless champion of that Administration, the pivot of its new-born institutions and the leading promoter of its influence." [PP340-341] |
World Order of Bahá'u'lláh (book); United States (USA); Canada | |
1933 End Mar 193- |
The 50 Bahá'ís imprisoned in Adana were released. [BBR475] | Persecution, Turkey; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Adana, Turkey; Turkey | |
1933 18 Mar 193- |
After five years of deliberations and intervention from the League of Nations, the Iraqi government decided to protect the house as part of an urban improvement plan. The property was originally designated for destruction. [BIC History page 18 Mar 1933] | House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1933 6 Feb 193- |
By this date there were about 50 Bahá'ís under arrest in Adana, Turkey. [BBR475; PP317] | Persecution, Turkey; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Adana, Turkey; Turkey | |
1933 Jan 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of India and Burma incorporated in Lahore, in the state of Punjab under the provisions of the Societies Registration Act of 1960. [GPB336] | Recognition (legal); India; Lahore, India; Punjab, India; Pakistan; Myanmar | |
1933 (In the year) 193- |
On the initiative of Martha Root, Mr. György Steiner, an Esperantist in the city of Győr translated J.E. Esslemont's Bahá'u'lláh and The New Era into Hungarian between 1931-33. This was the first major work published in Hungarian about the Bahá'í Faith. The Preface of the book was written by Mr. Rusztem Vámbéry, son of Arminius Vámbéry. [www.bahai.hu] [BW5p377, 609] | Gyorgy Steiner; Esperanto; Rusztem Vambery; Arminius Vambery; Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (book); Esslemont; First translations; * Translation; * Publications; Hungary | First Bahá'í publication in Hungarian |
1933 (In the year) 193- |
The Tavakkul Bahá'í School in Qazvín, Iran, was closed. [BW18:388] | - Bahá'í inspired schools; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Qazvin, Iran; Iran | |
1933 (In the year) 193- |
Bahá'ís in Gulpáygán, Iran, were refused admission to the public baths. Shaykh Ja'far Hidáyat was beaten and expelled from the town. [BW18:388] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Gulpaygan, Iran; Iran | |
1933 (In the year) 193- |
The construction of the Akka-Haifa highway. The town of Haifa was taking on a greater importance with the opening of the deep-water port on 31 October 1933. By 1936 there were over 100,000 inhabitants. [Sunburst p99; Wikipedia | Statistics; Akka, Israel; Israel; Palestine; Haifa, Israel; Palestine | |
1932 2 Dec 193- |
By this time there were 15 Bahá'ís under arrest in Adana, Turkey. [BBR474] | Persecution, Turkey; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Adana, Turkey; Turkey | |
1932 23 Nov 193- |
The passing of George Adam Benke (b. Fredericksfelt, south Russia in 1878) in Sofia, Bulgaria. Shoghi Effendi declared him to be "the first European martyr. [BW5:416–418, LDG1p263]
|
George Benke; - In Memoriam; George Adam Benke; Names and titles; Martyrs; Firsts, other; Fredericksfelt, Russia; Russia; Sofia, Bulgaria; Bulgaria | first European martyr |
1932 3 Nov-6 Dec 193- |
Meeting of the 22nd Session of the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations in Geneva at which the Bahá'ís pleaded their case for the possession of the House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdád. [BW5:351–4] | League of Nations; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Geneva, Switzerland; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1932 Nov 193- |
A number of Bahá'ís were arrested in Adana, Turkey. [BBR474] | Persecution, Turkey; - Persecution, Arrests; - Persecution; Adana, Turkey; Turkey | |
1932 3 Oct 193- |
The term of The Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration or "Mandatory Iraq" came to an end. It had been created in 1921 following the Iraqi Revolt in 1920 and enacted via the 1922 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty. The British chose Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi as king of of Iraq and Syria. He fostered unity between Sunni and Shiite Muslims and tried to promote pan-Arabism with the goal of creating an Arab state in Iraq, Syria and the rest of the Fertile Crescent. Faisal died in Switzerland while there for a medical examination at the age of 48, under what some consider to be suspicious circumstances. [Wikipedia]
|
King Faisal; History (general); United Kingdom, History (general); Colonialism and imperialism; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1932 15 Aug 193- |
Keith Ransom-Kehler met the Iranian Court Minister Taymur Tash. [BW5:392]
|
Keith Ransom-Kehler; National Spiritual Assembly; Petitions; Reza Shah Pahlavi; - Shahs; Keith Ransom-Kehler; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution; Iran; United States (USA) | |
1932 15 Jul 193- |
The Greatest Holy Leaf, Bahíyyih Khánum, 'outstanding heroine of the Bahá'í Dispensation' passed away in Haifa about one hour after midnight. [BW5:169; GPB108]
|
Bahiyyih Khanum (Greatest Holy Leaf); Heroic age; Marjory Morten; - In Memoriam; Monument Gardens (Haifa); Architecture; Cemeteries and graves; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; * Bahá'í World Centre; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre; Mount Carmel | |
1932 10 Jun 193- |
The American National Spiritual Assembly addresseed a petition to the Sháh of Iran requesting that the ban on Bahá'í literature be removed and asking that its representative, Mrs Keith Ransom-Kehler, be recognized to present in person the appeal. [BW5:390–1] | National Spiritual Assembly; Petitions; Reza Shah Pahlavi; - Shahs; Keith Ransom-Kehler; Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution; United States (USA); Iran | |
1932 May or Jun 193- |
Two Bahá'ís from Germany settled in Sofia, Bulgaria to assist Marion Jack. Lina and George Benke had become Bahá'ís in Leipzig after hearing of the Faith from Harlan and Grace Ober and Alma Knobloch. From June 1931 and later in May 1932 the couple travelled to Sofia and settled there as pioneers where their contacts were mostly in the Esperanto community. In the few months they were there George travelled to Stara Zagora, Varna and Plovdiv, all towns some distance from Sofia. He was elderly and in frail health and passed away in November, 1932. [SYH176] | George Benke; Lina Benke; Sofia, Bulgaria; Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; Varna, Bulgaria; Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bulgaria | |
1932 (Spring) 193- |
Louise Gregory left Varna in the early Spring to go first to Prague Brno and, then to Budapest. She continued her tour around Europe and by July she was in Salzburg, Austria. She spent the summer in the coolness of the mountains of Germany and Austria. By the autumn of 1932 she was back in Varna once again having visited Hamburg, Leipzig, Vienna, Salzburg and Budapest. [NBAD176; SYH177]
|
Louise Gregory; Varna, Bulgaria | |
1932 Apr 193- |
Pilgrims were able to stay overnight at Bahjí for the first time. [GBF101; PP232] | House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Pilgrims; Bahji, Israel | first time pilgrims stay overnight at Bahjí |
1932 21 Mar 193- |
The first Local Spiritual Assembly of Tokyo, consisting of journalists and other professional people, was formed.
|
Local Spiritual Assembly; Tokyo, Japan | first LSA Tokyo |
1932 27 Feb 193- |
Race Amity gatherings became an effective way promote the principle of racial equality. A number pf banquets were held and at one such gathering held in Los Angeles, the circle of racial amity activities was widened to include not only white and coloured but also Native Americans, as well as Chinese and Japanese. At the banquet dinner, Nellie French represented the National Assembly and Chief Luther Standing Bear, who attended in full regalia with a number of his tribesmen, offered a prayer and spoke of peace as a covenant among all races. A Native American tribal dance followed as part of the programme. [Louis Gregory, 'Racial Amity in America: An Historical Review', in BW7p652-666.] | Race; Race amity; Race unity; Conferences, Race Amity; Native Americans; Diaspora, Chinese; Diaspora, Japanese; Los Angeles, CA; California, USA; United States (USA) | |
1932 17 Feb 193- |
The Chicago Bahá'í Assembly incorporated, the first local spiritual assembly in the world to do so. This set the pattern for other Assemblies. [GPB336, Century of LIght p57] | Local Spiritual Assembly; Incorporation; Recognition (legal); Firsts, other; Chicago, IL; United States (USA) | First LSA in the world to incorporate. |
1932 (In the year) 193- |
Land for a Mashriqu'l-Adhkár was purchased at Ḥadiqa, northeast of Tehran, and a design for this building by Mason Remey was approved by Shoghi Effendi whom 'Abdu'l-Bahá had chosen as the architect. [MAŠREQ AL-AḎKĀR Encyclopaedia Iranica]
|
Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Tihran; Mason Remey; Tehran, Iran; Iran | |
1932 (In the year) 193- |
Johanne Sorensen translated and paid for the publication of Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era in Danish. [SRR14p235] | Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (book); Johanne Sorensen; * Translation; Denmark | |
1932 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of The Religion of the Baha'is by J R Richards, a CMS Missionary in Shiraz. Published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in London. | The Religion of the Bahá'ís; J R Richards; London, England | |
1932 (In the year) 193- |
Shoghi Effendi's translation of Nabíl's Narrative entitled The Dawn-Breakers was published. Maṭāleʿ al-anwār, as Nabíl's word was entitled, was the most authentic and the main primary source on the early history of the Bábí movement in Iran, was regarded by the Bahá'ís as the definitive account of the Bāb's dispensation. The work has been translated into many languages, and it has played a major role in familiarizing the Bahá'ís around the world with the historical background of their faith and helping them understand its link to the socio-religious climate of the Persian society in the early days of its development. The original Persian manuscript of Maṭāleʿ al-anwār, has been preserved at the International Bahá'í Archives in Haifa. It is comprised 1,014 pages of 22-24 lines.["Nabil-e aʿzam Zaranadi, Mollā Mohammad," by Vahid Rafati, Encyclopædia Iranica, GBF91; PP215]
|
* Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; Nabil-i-Azam; Dawn-Breakers (book); Effie Baker; George Townshend; * Publications; * Translation; Lady Sarah Louisa Blomfield; Amatul-Bahá Ruhiyyih Khanum; Shoghi Effendi, Works of | |
1932 (In the year) 193- |
The Iranian government introduced measures against the Bahá'ís throughout Iran. Restrictions were placed on the import of Bahá'í books and periodicals by post and on the publication of Bahá'í literature. Bahá'í marriages were not recognized. [BW18p388] | Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Bans; - Persecution; Iran | |
1931 Nov 193- |
The New York Bahá'í community drafted the by-laws of a Bahá'í local assembly. [GPB335]
|
By-laws; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1931 Oct 193- |
Notwithstanding the fact that her visa had not been renewed the previous year, Louise Gregory returned to Bulgaria, this time to Varna, a resort on the Black Sea. Marion Jack was able to join her from Sofia and their teaching efforts met with some success. Marion had not only continued Louise's work in Sofia but started a group in Turnova. Much credit is due to George Adam Benke for his part in her success. [SYH173; NBAD137] | Louise Gregory; Marion Jack; George Adam Benke; Varna, Bulgaria; Turnova, Bulgaria; Sofia, Bulgaria | |
1931 27 Jul 193- |
Swiss Bahá'í Auguste Forel, (b. 1 September, 1848 Morges, Switzerland, d. 27 July, 1931 Yvorne Switzerland) world-renowned psychiatrist, entomologist, anatomist, social reformer and peace worker, passed away. [FGM2]
|
Auguste Forel; - In Memoriam; Switzerland | |
1931 10 Jul 193- |
The administration in Palestine wrote to Ruth White advising her that they would take no further action with respect to her claim that the will of 'Abdu'l-Bahá was a forgery.
|
Ruth White; Covenant-breaking | |
1931 (Summer) 193- |
The first German Bahá'í summer school was held, at Esslingen. [BBRSM182; BW5:44]
|
Summer schools; First summer and winter schools; Esslingen, Germany; Germany | first German Bahá’í summer school |
1931 May 193- |
The passing of Mrs Claudia Coles in London. (b. 1863 or 1866 in Charleston, South Carolina). She accepted the Faith in Washington DC and moved to London in 1920. She was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the British Isles many times and often served as secretary. [BW4264-265]
|
Claudia Coles; - In Memoriam; Washington, DC, USA; United States (USA); London, England; United Kingdom | |
1931 1 May 193- |
The superstructure of the Wilmette House of Worship was completed and turned over by the Fuller Company at the opening of the National Convention, nineteen years after the day on which the Master had blessed the undertaking. It was then dedicated. [BW10:180; DP:156–7; SBBH1:145] | Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; * Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Wilmette, IL; United States (USA) | |
1931 May 193- |
Lilian Barron McNeill, an English Bahá'í, and her husband, a retired British army officer, rented the house at Mazra'ih. [DH92]
|
Lilian Barron McNeill; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Mazraih); Restoration; - Bahá'í World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; Mazraih, Iran; Akka, Israel | |
1931 May 193- |
A permanent summer school is established at Louhelen Ranch near Davison, Michigan. [BW10:181; GPB340] | Summer schools; Davison, MI; Michigan, USA; United States (USA) | |
1931 28 Apr 193- |
Mr Refo Capari (Chapary), the first Albanian Bahá'í, arrived in Tirana, Albania from New York where his family had immigrated.
|
First Bahá'ís by country or area; Refo Capari; Tirana, Albania; Albania | first Albanian Bahá’í |
1931 Ridván 193- |
The formation of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Iraq. [GPB333; BBRSM:121; BW4p169] | National Spiritual Assembly, formation; Iraq | |
1931 Apr 193- |
Marion Jack arrived in Sofia, Bulgaria, to begin her pioneering service. | Marion Jack; Sofia, Bulgaria; Bulgaria | |
1931 193- |
There were still only 30 Bahá'ís in Canada by this date. [BBRSM186] | Statistics; Canada | |
1931 Mar 193- |
Marion Jack painted a view from the Mansion at Bahjí. The painting was eventually hung in the Mansion. [CT174] | Marion Jack; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahji); Bahji, Israel | |
1931 15 Jan 193- |
Flames swept through the dome of Bahá'í House of Worship which was nearing completion. Debris including aluminum and glass for the dome from the clerestory fell near 100 feet to the main level. Damage was estimated at $50,000. The loss due to the fire was covered by insurance and as a "blessing in disguise" because the Faith receive a great deal of publicity as a result of the incident. [Tribune Archive Photo / Chicago Tribune, Sept. 18, 2014]
|
Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; * Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (House of Worship); Wilmette, IL; United States (USA) | |
1931 13 Jan 193- |
Consul Albert Schwarz, (b. December 14, 1871, Stuttgart, Germany), Disciple of Abdu'l-Bahá, 'Germany's outstanding Bahá'í pioneer worker' passed away. He was buried in Pragfriedhof – Stuttgart. [BW4:118–19, 264; Find a grave]
|
- Consuls; Albert Schwarz, Consul; - In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Stuttgart, Germany; Germany | |
1931 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of the Kitáb-i-Íqán (The Book of Certitude) as translated into English by Shoghi Effendi. It was published by the Bahá'í Publishing Committee in New York and republished in 1931 and 1937. [Collins1.77]
|
Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); * Publications; * Translation; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of | |
1931 (In the year) 193- |
The first Chinese translation of Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era was published. [PH36]
|
Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (book); Esslemont; First translations; * Translation; * Publications; Beijing, China; China | first Chinese translation of Bahá’u’lláh and the New Era |
1931 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of Bahá'ism: Its Origins, History and Teachings by Reverend William McElwee Miller, a Presbyterian missionary working in Mashhad, Iran. He wrote the "All impartial observers of Bahá'ism in Persia are agreed that here in the land of its birth this religion...is now steadily losing ground...It is only a matter of time until this strange movement...shall be known only to students of history." [MCSp766]
|
Criticism and apologetics; William McElwee Miller; Mashhad, Iran; Iran | |
1930 Dec 193- |
The first Asian Women's Conference was held in India. [BW17:180] | Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Women; - First conferences; - Asia; India | first Asian Women’s Conference |
1930 17 Nov 193- |
Ethel Rosenberg, (b.6 August, 1858, Bath) Disciple of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, 'England's outstanding Bahá'í pioneer worker', passed away in London. She was buried in Gap Road Cemetery, Wimbledon, England. [BW4:118–119, 262-263; EJR274–5; Find a grave]
|
Ethel Rosenberg; - In Memoriam; - Disciples of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Births and deaths; London, England; United Kingdom | |
1930 Nov 193- |
Louise Gregory sailed on the SS Sinaia from Providence, Rhode Island with a destination of Constanta in Romania. The ship carried her via the Azores, Algiers and Istanbul. In all possibility she visited Bucharest and Poland before arriving at her destination of Sofia some time in January. [SYH169]
|
Louise Gregory; Marion Jack; Pilgrimage; International Bahá'í Bureau; Sofia, Bulgaria; Bulgaria; Geneva, Switzerland | |
1930 Nov 193- |
The National Assembly published a detailed supplementary statement in the Bahá'í News, quoting passages from the Aqdas, from the Master's Will and Testament, and from the Guardian's letters published in Bahá'í Administration followed by a reprint of the exchange of correspondence and cables with Mrs. Chanler, and with the Guardian, including the Guardian's cable to New York believers: "True unity can only be preserved by maintenance paramount position National Spiritual Assembly," and his cable approving the statement published in August, 1930, Bahá'í News.
Further, in a letter from Haifa to the Yonkers Assembly, "The Guardian pointed out the difference between the freedom defined by Bahá'u'lláh ("To have liberty is to observe My commandments") and that advocated by Sohrab ("The other kind of freedom which is in defiance of law He (Bahá'u'lláh) considers to be animal, and far from being of any good to man"). [Ahmad Sohrab and the New History Society] |
Covenant-breaking; Ahmad Sohrab; New History Society; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1930 7 Oct 193- |
Ruth White wrote to the High Commissioner of Palestine stating that she had sent a photograph of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Will and Testament to Dr Ainsworth Mitchell in England who had declared it a forgery. The High Commissioner requested she send that same evidence to him and he forwarded it to the Governor of Haifa who requested to meet with Shoghi Effendi and allow an expert to examine the original. The expert declared the Will authentic. [SETPET1p157]
|
Covenant-breaking; Ruth White; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Will and Testament of; * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); - High Commissioners; Ainsworth Mitchell; Haifa, Israel; Israel; United Kingdom | |
1930 22 Aug 193- |
Martha Root returned to China for her third visit and stayed two months. She sailed from Shanghai on the 22nd of October 1930. [PH39-41; Film Early History of the Baha'í Faith in China 13min 46 sec ] | Martha Root; Hong Kong; Shanghai, China | |
1930 20 Aug 193- |
Louis Jean-Baptiste Bourgeois, (19 March, 1856, Saint-Célestin, Quebec, Canada) designer of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár in Wilmette, passed away in that city. He was buried in East Lawn Memorial Park Sacramento, Sacramento County, California, USA [DP145; Find a grave]
|
Louis Bourgeois; - Architects; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; - In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Mary Hanford Ford; Saint-Célestin de Nicolet, QC; Quebec, Canada; Wilmette, IL; Boston, MA; United States (USA) | first Bahá'í community in Boston. |
1930 19 Aug 193- |
Jean-Baptiste Louis Bourgeois, (b. 19 March 1856, Staint-Célestin de Nicolet, QC. d. Wilmette, IL), the architect of the first Bahá'i Temple of Worship in America, passed away. He was buried in East Lawn Memorial Park in Sacramento, California.[Find a Grave]
He, like Sutherland Maxwell and Mason Remey, had studied at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. These three and four others submitted designs for the Wilmette Temple for consideration. Other buildings designed by Louis Bourgeois include the Chicago Tribune Building, Evergreen Cabin in Englewood NJ where 'Abdu'l-Bahá hosted a Unity Feast, the Savoy Hotel in Chicago. He became a Bahá'í in New York sometime during the winter of 1906. In April of 1909 the National Spiritual Assembly called for design proposals for the first Bahá'í Hours of Worship in the West and he submitted is design proposal in October. It was finally accepted at the National Convention in 1920. [DP76-100] |
- In Memoriam; Louis Bourgeois; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; Staint-Celestin de Nicolet, QC; Wilmette, IL; Sacramento, CA; United States (USA) | |
1930 Aug 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly published a statement in the Bahá'í News entitled The Case of Ahmad Sohrab and the New History Society. Summarized, the article stated that the "New History Society was begun in New York early in 1929 by Sohrab and "one of its avowed purposes being to spread the Bahá'í teachings. Neither the local nor the National Assembly was consulted in the matter, and the meetings and activities of the New History Society have been maintained apart from the principles of consultation which today, under the Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, form the basis of Bahá'í unity and the protection of the Cause." "Both the local and National Assembly on several occasions attempted, through oral and written communications, to bring about full and frank consultation with the leaders of the New History Society, but without success. "Under these conditions it becomes the obvious responsibility of the National Spiritual Assembly to inform the friends that activities conducted by Ahmad Sohrab through the New History Society are to be considered as entirely independent of the Cause, as outside the jurisdiction of the local and National Assembly, and hence in no wise entitled to the cooperation of Bahá'ís." This statement also quoted from a letter written on behalf of the Guardian by his Secretary to the National Spiritual Assembly on May 30, 1930: "To accept the Cause without the administration is like accepting the teachings without acknowledging the divine station of Bahá'u'lláh. To be a Bahá'í is to accept the Cause in its entirety...." "The administration is the social order of Bahá'u'lláh. Without it all the principles of the Cause will remain abortive. To take exception to this, therefore, is to take exception to the fabric that Bahá'u'lláh has prescribed, it is to disobey His law." [Ahmad Sohrab and the New History Society] |
Covenant-breaking; Ahmad Sohrab; New History Society; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1930 Jul 193- |
Shoghi Effendi completed his translation of the Kitáb-i-Íqán (The Book of Certitude), the first of his major translations of the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. [BBRSM63–4; GT60; PP214] | * Shoghi Effendi (chronology); Shoghi Effendi, Translations by; * Translation; Kitáb-i-Íqán (Book of Certitude); * Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; * Bahá'í World Centre | |
1930 30 May 193- |
The New History Society came into conflict with the local Bahá'í Assembly. Sohrab refused to allow the New York Spiritual Assembly, to have oversight of the affairs of the New History Society. The Assembly saw the organization as a threat to the unity of the Bahá'í Faith. [BBRSM124]
|
New History Society; Ahmad Sohrab; Covenant-breaking; * Bahá'í World Centre; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1930 193- |
Number of countries and territories where the Faith has been established: 42 Number of National Spiritual Assemblies: 9 Number of Local Spiritual Assemblies: 90 [from a pamphlet, The Bahá'í Faith and its World Community published by the NSA of Canada] |
Statistics | |
1930 Apr 193- |
A ceremony was held at the American annual convention in dedication of the resumption of the building activities on the Wilmette Temple. [BBRSM183; BW3:47]
|
Conventions, National; Bahá'u'lláh, Shrine of (Bahjí); Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Wilmette; Gifts; Carpets; Wilmette, IL; United States (USA) | |
1930 18 Mar 193- |
The International Bahá'í Bureau was registered as an International Working Unit by the League of Nations. [BIC History page 18 Mar 1939] | International Bahá'í Bureau; League of Nations; Bahá'í International Community | |
1930 Mar 193- |
The intended pilgrimage of Queen Marie of Romania to the Bahá'í Shrines was thwarted. [GBF49; GPBXVIII; PP114]
|
Queen Marie of Romania; Pilgrimage; House of Bahá'u'lláh (Mazraih); Lilian Barron McNeill; * Bahá'í World Centre; Mazraih, Iran | |
1930 2 Jan 193- |
Martha Root met with King Faisal of Iraq in Baghdad to discuss the issue of the House of Bahá'u'lláh. The King said that a committee had been formed to study the problem and to settle it in such a way as to satisfy all groups interested in the matter. [MRHK149] | House of Bahá'u'lláh (Baghdad); Martha Root; King Faisal; Baghdad, Iraq; Iraq | |
1930 (In the year) 193- |
The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of England changed its name to become the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the British Isles. [ |
National Spiritual Assembly, formation; United Kingdom; Ireland; British Isles | |
1930 (In the year) 193- |
The publication of The Garden of the Heart by Francis Esty published by Roycrafters in New York. [Collins4.135] A Bahá'í named Inez Greeven went on a prilgrimage. When she returned home she asked permission for two of her friends to go to Haifa and have the bounty of meeting the Master. The friends went and returned, apparently unaffected by the experience. In 1920, during her second pilgrimage, she asked 'Abdu'l-Bahá why her friends had not become Bahá'ís. This was His answer:
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The Garden of the Heart; Frances Esty; Inez Greeven; New York, USA; United States (USA) | |
1930 (In the year) 193- |
Leonora Holsapple Armstrong visited Gibraltar, the first Bahá'í to do so. | Leonora Holsapple Armstrong; Gibraltar | first Bahá’í to visit Gibraltar |
1930 In the early 1930's 193- |
In Iran " [i]n the early years of the 1930s Bahá'í women joined the movement of discarding the veil and gradually abandoned the traditional veiling practice. This development opened new fields of service for women and made possible their fuller participation in the social and administrative activities of the communities." [BAHAISM v. The Bahai Community in Iran by V. Rafati] | Women; Human rights; Veils; Iran |
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